UMuskrat – isilwaneabahlala emhlabeni wethu iminyaka engaba yizigidi ezingama-40! Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuncane, inamathuba onke okumangaza ngomlando wayo, umlingiswa wayo nokubukeka kwayo.
Kuyesabisa ukucabanga ukuthi ngubani kuphela lo mdalwa ongakwazanga ukuhlangana naye endleleni yakhe yokuphila! Ikwazile ukusinda ezilwaneni eziyingozi nakuma-mammoth amakhulu, ifinyelela ngokuphepha ngekhulu lama-21, ngenkathi igcina ukubukeka okuphezulu futhi ingalahli ubuntu bayo.
Incazelo nezici
UMuskrat vula isithombe okuvezwa njengesilwane esihle nesihlekisayo, esihlala sinentshisekelo kokuthile. Kunezici ezithile ezithile ekubukekeni kwayo. Isici sokuqala esidonsela ukunaka kwawo wonke umuntu, empeleni, ikhala lesidalwa.
Unesimo esihlanganisiwe, sihamba kakhulu futhi sihle. Noma kunjalo, isifonyo esithandekayo sakwa-desman ngeke sishiye noma ngubani engenandaba. Ungafunga ukuthi umoyizela ngaso sonke isikhathi. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi lesi silwane siphinde sibizwe nge- "hohuli".
Ngokuqondene namazinyo, ama-canine amabili angaphambili avelele futhi ayisisekelo esilwaneni. Yibo, abakhulu futhi ababukhali, abenza cishe yonke imisebenzi ekukhishweni kokudla. I-desman igxila esikhaleni, ikakhulu incike ekuzweni kwayo. Umuzwa wakhe wokuhogela ubuthakathaka. Futhi ngombono, izinto zimbi kakhulu. Abafundi bakhe cishe abasabeli ngisho nasekukhanyeni okukhanyayo kakhulu. Emanzini, isilwane sivele sivale amehlo aso.
Lesi silwane esincelisayo sivame ukushicilela izwi laso entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokukhwelana ngothando, lapho owesilisa ezama ukuhlangana nensikazi. La ma-trill ngokushelela aphenduka ukububula. Ngasikhathi sinye, insikazi nayo iqala ukukhipha imisindo yokubiza. Mhlawumbe ukukhononda njengendoda endala ngempela. Lapho sihlangana nesitha, isilwane sichofoza kakhulu bese sima endaweni yokulwa emilenzeni yaso yangemuva.
I-desman isilwane esiphakathi nendawo. Isisindo saso asifinyeleli kuma-gramu angama-600. Futhi osayizi basuka ku-25 kuya ku-27 cm.Isilwane simbozwe ngokuphelele ngoboya obukhulu, obufushane nobuminyene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukhethekile futhi. Izinwele ekuhlolweni okuseduze kuvela ukuthi zelulelwa ngasekupheleni kwazo. Ukubukeka kwalesi sidalwa kufana nemvukuzane, kepha futhi inezici zayo ezihlukile.
I-desman, njengemvukuzane, empeleni ayiboni. Kodwa unomsila omude futhi onamandla, ongumsizi obaluleke kakhulu endaweni yakhe yokuhlala - amanzi. Umsila ucishe ulingane nobude bomzimba, unesimo esisicaba futhi umbozwe izikali.
Angikwazi ukwenza incazelo isilwane muskratngaphandle kokusho ukuthi umsila wayo uyaphawuleka ngokukhipha iphunga elimangalisayo lama-violets asebusuku. Ukuthi kunezindlala ezikhethekile eziqukethe imiski kuyo. Lapha ungumthombo waleli phunga elimangalisayo.
Ngendlela, futhi ngenxa yalesi sici, lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zaqothulwa ngobuningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, zisebenzisa imisila yazo embonini yamakha. Futhi abaphathi bendawo babethanda ukuzitika ngokugcwalisa izifuba zabo ngelineni ngemisila yabo njengephunga.
Ngokuvamile, uboya babo bebulokhu buziswa kakhulu. Futhi lokhu kwakuhilela ukuzingela nokuqothula okungapheli. Kuze kube ekugcineni inani lalezi zilwane lehla kakhulu. Isilwane Okubomvu izincwadi muskrat manje ingaphansi kokuvikelwa kombuso.
Ngokuqondene nesimo salesi sidalwa esiphilayo, siyinkimbinkimbi futhi sengozini. Uzobonakala ngokuzwela okubonakalayo nokucasuka. Isibonelo, kuye kwaphawulwa ngaphezu kwesisodwa ukuthi ngomsindo omkhulu ongazelelwe, umuntu we-desman angafa kalula ngokuqhuma kwenhliziyo!
Imilenze yayo imifushane kakhulu, inewebhu. Kungakho ene-funny, footfoet and clumsy gait. Kepha lokhu kusemhlabeni kuphela. Lapho ekugcineni ifika emanzini, konke kuyashintsha. Ngaphandle kokuvela ndawo, umusa omuhle wombhukudi oqeqeshiwe uyavela. UMuskrat ahamba ngobuciko emanzini. Unobuhlakani futhi unobungcweti.
Izinhlobo
UDesman unezinhlobo ezimbili: iRussia kanye ne-Iberia. Ake sicabangele ngamunye wabo ngokuningiliziwe.
Indoda yaseRussia... Kumele uqaphele ukuthi ihluke esihlotsheni sayo sasePyrenean ikakhulukazi ngosayizi nendawo yokuhlala. Kukhulu kakhulu. Ngendlela, lesi ukuphela kwesilwane esinegama lesayensi eliqukethe igama elithi "Russian"!
Ngaphandle kokuthi lesi silwane esincelisayo besiphila nathi kusukela endulo, akubona bonke abantu ababenethuba lokumazi kangcono. Iqiniso ngukuthi i-desman ikhetha indlela yokuphila efihliwe.
Futhi ukuhlangana naye ngokukhululeka emhlabeni cishe akunakwenzeka. Ucasha emgodini wakhe, noma uchitha isikhathi emanzini, ethola ukudla. I-desman yaseRussia itholakala cishe kuwo wonke amabheshi emifula engxenyeni yezwe laseYurophu.
I-Pymanan desman... Lolu hlobo lwesilwane lunesizotha ngosayizi futhi lutholakala ikakhulukazi ePyrenees - lichitha izinsuku zalo emifuleni yezintaba eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Incane kakhulu ngesisindo nobukhulu kunozakwabo osondele kakhulu, waseRussia. Ubude bomzimba wayo abudluli ku-15-16 cm, kanti isisindo saso singama-75-80 amagremu. Imiphetho yesilwane imnyama, kepha umsila ulula.
Emini, cishe uhlala elala, kepha ebusuku uyasebenza ngangokunokwenzeka. Iphakela ntambama kuphela.Insikazi yalesi silwane esincelisayo ayivundisi kakhulu. Inzalo yakhe yonyaka ayidluli amawundlu ama-5. Isikhathi esiphakathi sokuphila iminyaka emithathu.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
UDesman uchitha impilo yakhe emhlabeni (cishe ngaphansi komhlaba, emigodini), nasemanzini (cishe ngaphansi kwamanzi, bazifunela bona). Ukubukeka kwesidalwa esiphilayo kukhuluma ngendlela yaso yokuphila. Ucishe angaboni ngoba ngaphansi komhlaba nangaphansi kwamanzi, amandla okubona akuyona inzuzo ethile kuye.
Ngokuqondene nomhlaba, nangu umuntu we-desman enemigodi yawo. Lezi yizindinyana eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezinamazinga amaningi, okusikhumbuza ngezakhiwo zobunjiniyela ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Ngaphezu kwalokho, aqala ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi silwane, ngaphandle kokungabaza, sisebenzisa nemingxunya yama-beaver ukugijima isuke kwesinye isakhiwo iye kwesinye.
Ama-Beavers kufanele axoxwe ngokuhlukile lapha. Kwenzekile ukuthi yena nodesman banobungani obungavamile. Futhi izindawo abahlala kuzo zivame ukuqondana. IBeverver, ngasendleleni, ayinalutho olumelene nomakhelwane wakhe omuhle. Iqiniso ngukuthi i-helminths, evame ukucasula ama-beaver nokufihla emfuleni, ikhubazeka ngenjabulo emzimbeni wezilwane ezincelisayo. Okwenzela ukuthi, ngokusobala, isilwane esikhudlwana sibathwale ngokubekezela. Bathi kube nezimo lapho owesane avele akhuphukele emhlane we-beaver ngenkathi ibhukuda iwela umfula.
Ingabamba ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu engaba yisithupha. Lokhu kokubili kuningi nokuncane. Lesi sikhathi sanele ukuthi angene ngaphakathi abambe okuthile okumnandi. Kepha emanzini, ngaphezu kwezidalwa zemvelo ezinjengezipikisi ezinkulu kanye ne-catfish, u-desman ulinde enye ingozi - amanetha okudoba!
Uma isilwane singena kuzo, siqala ukwethuka bese sidideka. Futhi njengoba ikwazi ukuchitha isikhathi esifushane kakhulu ngaphansi kwamanzi, cishe isizobhujiswa. Udesman uyafa futhi angasindiswa kuphela ngokufaka iRed Book.
Umuntu ubophezelekile ukuhlenga lokhu, ngoba kuyingozi enkulu yalezi zilwane ezisengozini. Futhi uma ngezikhathi zeSoviet balwa ngempumelelo nabazingeli abazingeli ngokungemthetho, manje isimo sesishintshile.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imikhiqizo eminingi eshibhile yaseChina ivele emakethe, okubandakanya amanetha okudoba, ngamanani aphansi kakhulu. Manje wonke umdobi angakwazi ukuthenga eyodwa. Lokhu kwaholela ekusetshenzisweni okukhulu kwamanetha ekudobeni.
Lokhu kube negalelo elibi enanini le-desman esele eRussia. Inetha elilodwa elinjalo, liphonswa emfuleni, lingabhubhisa wonke umndeni walezi zilwane ngasikhathi sinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukonakala kwaminyaka yonke kwekhwalithi yendawo okuhlala kuyo, ukungcola okwandayo kwemifula kanye nemvelo ezungezile, nokukhulisa imfuyo akukhulisi isithombe ngekusasa lalesi silwane.
Izindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlala i-desman ngamachibi amancane anokujula kwamamitha ayi-4-6. Ukutholakala kolwandle olwanele ngokwanele olunezimila eziningi kuzodingeka futhi. Cishe sonke isikhathi lesi silwane sichitha emgodini waso, umnyango ofihlwe ngaphansi kwamanzi. Futhi indawo engaphansi komhlaba kwesinye isikhathi ingafinyelela kumamitha ama-4 ubude.
Amaphaseji akhiwe ngendlela yokuthi abe nezingxenye ezincanyana nezibanzi. Ngakho-ke, lapho kufika intwasahlobo, futhi umfula ugcwala, amanzi agcwalisa izindawo ezibanzi emigodini embiwe ye-desman, futhi izilwane ngokwazo ziyakwazi ukuphunyula ngokuphepha, ziphunyuke futhi zikhosele entweni ethile entantayo.
Ehlobo, lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zihlala zihlala zodwa, kwesinye isikhathi ungahlangana nezithandani. Kepha ebusika, isithombe sishintsha ngokuphelele. Emgodini owodwa ungabona izilwane ezifika ku-14 ngasikhathi sinye! Lezi "zindlu" zithathwa njengezesikhashana futhi isilwane ngasinye sinezinye ezifanayo.
Inzuzo enkulu kakhulu kunezinye izilwane ezincelisayo yikhono le-desman lokuhlala ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi eside. Uphefumulela umoya ngamakhala akhe amade, angaqhamuki ngisho echibini. Futhi-ke, lapho icwila ngokujulile, ikhipha amabhamuza imizuzu eminingana.
Ebusika, lawa magwebu aphenduka abe uhlobo olungenalutho, okwenza iqhwa liqine futhi lidedele. Lokhu futhi, kunjalo, iphunga le-musky lesilwane liheha ama-mollusk ahlukahlukene lapha. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, isilwane asidingi ukuzama ikakhulukazi ukuzitholela ukudla, sona ngokwaso siyalandela.
Kepha ihlobo elishisayo liba yisivivinyo esinzima impela ku-desman. Lapho isiziba sesomile, kufanele athuthele endaweni yokuhlala entsha, futhi ngokubona kwakhe akuyona into elula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba sikhumbula, phansi akuyona into ehambisanayo futhi, enamathuba amaningi, ingaba yisisulu esilula kunoma yisiphi isilwane esidlayo.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Lezi zilwane ezinhle zingamadlimoni omnivorous. Ukudla kwabo kwansuku zonke kungadlula isisindo sabo. Imenyu yesilo iyahlukahluka futhi ayithobekile. Ngaphezu kwakho konke uthanda ama-molluscs amancane omfula, izingwe, izibungu nezinambuzane. Ngenjabulo uzodonsela inhlanzi noma ngisho nesele emgodini wakhe.
Ngokuvamile, i-desman ibhekwa njengomzingeli omuhle kakhulu. Izimpondo zisebenza njengabasizi abakhulu ekufuneni ukudla. Yibo labo, abasebenza njengohlobo lwe-antenna, abacosha ukudlidlizela okuncane emoyeni nasemanzini, okuvumela isilwane ukuthi sizulazule ngokuphelele sifuna lokho okundiza, okukhasayo nokubhukuda.
Phambilini lo mseshi ubesolwa ngezinsolo zokucekela phansi inhlanzi ngobuningi obukhulu. Eqinisweni, lokhu akulona iqiniso. Isilwane sethu sikwazi ukubamba kuphela inhlanzi ebuthakathaka, egulayo noma elimele. Ngakho-ke sengeza enye into kuzo zonke izinzuzo zedesman - uyindawo ehlelekile yamachibi!
Ngaphezu kokuthandwayo kokudla, isilwane sinokuthambekela kwemifino. Kwesinye isikhathi ayizincishi imenyu yohlaza lwemifula ecebile. Kusetshenziswa yonke into, kusukela ngeziqu kuya ezithelweni.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, lapho umoya ukhishwa ngaphansi kwamanzi, i-desman idala amagwebu, okuthi, uma ibhukuda, akhe amapulazi aphelele aheha ukunakwa komfula i-plankton. Isilwane sidinga ukubhukuda kuphela ngendlela efanayo futhi siziqoqe zonke. Lokhu, empeleni, kwanele ukuthi u-desman ondle zombili ehlobo nasebusika.
Kepha, kwesinye isikhathi ayinakho ukuvela okucijile, futhi ngesibindi uphuthuma kunhlanzi enkulu noma iselesele, ezama ukumbamba. Kungenzeka ukuthi umphikisi usazohamba, kepha amaphupho awakakhanselwa. Futhi-ke, i-desman uqobo inezitha eziningi emvelweni. Lezi cishe zonke izilwane ezidla ezinye ezivela endaweni yazo: i-ferret, impungushe, i-ermine, ikhayithi nokhozi lwegolide.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Futhi kulokhu, i-desman ihlukile kubamele abaningi bezilwane zomhlaba futhi iziphatha ngandlela thile, ngobuntu. Iqiniso ngukuthi isilwane singangena emshadweni unyaka wonke. Vele, intwasahlobo yinto eza kuqala. Kepha ngiyaxolisa, kwabanye abantu kusentwasahlobo lapho kubonwa khona ama-hormone akhethekile.
Imidlalo yomshado yeqhawe lethu ihlotshaniswa nezimpi zangempela zokunaka othandekayo wakhe. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa uthola isibindi esimangalisayo nesibindi, okungangabazeki ukuthi kuyamsiza empini nembangi.
Ukulwa kwenza umsindo omkhulu, kodwa ngenhlanhla kusheshe kuphele. Futhi umbhangqwana ojabulayo osanda kushada uthathe umhlalaphansi emgodini wawo ukuze wenze umsebenzi obaluleke kangako - ukukhulisa inani labantu abaseduze.
Ngaphandle kokuphumula umzuzu, ngokushesha ngemuva kokukhulelwa, owesifazane uphenduka abe ngumakhi. Futhi emahoreni ambalwa udala isidleke lapho kuzozalwa khona izingane. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umama uzoyeka ukushiya le ndawo kuze kube yilapho kuzalwa isizukulwane esisha.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa kuka-desman cishe siyinyanga eyodwa nohhafu. Qaphela ukuthi umama wakhe uvele abe muhle nje. Uzinakekela futhi azithande kakhulu izingane zakhe, azinake kakhulu, azithande njalo, azondle angashiyi umzuzu.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, abazali balungisa esinye isidleke eduze, okuyindawo “yokulondolozwa kwezindiza” ebavumela ukuba bacashe lapho nezingane zabo uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi engazelelwe. Futhi ngenkathi insikazi ihamba kanye nenzalo, ubaba ongesabi uphazamisa ukunaka kwesitha kuye.
Emshadweni owodwa, njengomthetho, kufika kuzinyane eziyisithupha. Futhi uma insimu yokwakha ingenkulu ngokwanele, imindeni eminingana ingahlangana emgodini owodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zihlala ngokuthula impela.
Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, isizukulwane esisha sishiya ikhaya labazali, silandela ubizo lwemvelo futhi siqala indlela ezimele. Ngomuzwa wokufeza okuthile, abazali babonga isikhathi esihle futhi bahlakazeke ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Zingahlangana ngokuzayo, kepha angiboni kahle.
Ngokuvamile, okuningi ekuziphatheni nasempilweni yalesi sidalwa kusalokhu kuyimfihlakalo enkulu kubantu. Amacala ehlukene achazwe ngabantu ababenenhlanhla yokuhlangana nendoda esendleleni. Abanye bathi lesi silwane siminzile kakhulu kangangokuba siyaqhubeka nokudla isisulu noma sibanjwe ngumsila sibheke phansi.
Kwenye indaba, wenqaba ukudla izinsuku ezinde. Bathi umama wethukile we-desman uyakwazi ukugedla yonke inzalo yakhe. Futhi eminye imithombo ithi noma ebanjwa esibayeni, akayeki ukondla izingane zakhe.
Into eyodwa ingashiwo ngokuzethemba okuphelele: lapho igcinwe ekuthunjweni, i-desman isheshe ihambisane nezimo ezintsha, amakhosi futhi ingadla ezandleni zakho. Kepha akekho okwamanje ophumelele ukumthambisa ngokuphelele. Akanamathele kunoma ngubani. Unesimo sezinzwa esiyinkimbinkimbi.
Nokho, lapho ephinda egqashula, ngokushesha ulahlekelwa yizo zonke izici zesilwane esifuywayo futhi azuze isimo sakhe sangaphambilini sesilwane sasendle. Futhi konke umuntu angakwenza ukunikeza ukuvikeleka okuphezulu kulesi sidalwa esihle, esihlale simomotheka.
Ungakhohlwa ukuthi i-desman ihlale lapha isikhathi eside kakhulu kunathi. Kepha yithina esibangele ukunyamalala kwayo cishe ngokuphelele. Sekuyisikhathi sokukhombisa ukuthi singobani - abangani noma izitha zemvelo, ezisisekelayo ngaso sonke isikhathi, zisiphana ngomusa ngezinsizakusebenza zazo futhi zigcwalise umhlaba ngobuhle.
