Umbuzo othi "kungani oshaka besaba amahlengethwa" awuzwakali ulungile. Ubudlelwano balezi zilwane empeleni bunzima kakhulu kunalokho obukubonayo ekuqaleni.
Ingabe oshaka bayawasaba amahlengethwa
Impendulo okuyiyo yodwa, abesabi, kepha kunalokho, banakekele ngokufanele.... Ukungqubuzana phakathi kwabo akuvamile, njengoba amahlengethwa efaka amanzi emihlambini, noshaka, abakwaziyo ukubala amandla abo nokubikezela imiphumela, bagwema imibuthano emikhulu yamahlengethwa. Ushaka angaba yisisulu semikhomo enamazinyo (okuyiyo yonke imikhomo yamahlengethwa), kuphela ngokwenza iphutha nokusondela emhlambini lapho kunabantu abaningi abadala.
Ingabe oshaka bahlasela amahlengethwa?
Cishe bonke oshaka bangabantu abazimele, izinkampani ezithile ezisekela ngezikhathi ezithile (ngezikhathi zokukhwelana, eholidini noma ezindaweni zenala yokudla). Izinsalela zamahlengethwa abolile ngesigamu zitholakale esiswini sikashaka. Njengomthetho, amalungu abuthakathaka omhlambi noma izilwane ezincane ezingenalwazi ezilwa nawo ziwela emazinyweni ezilwane.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ngokuphikisana nokuqonda okungokwemvelo, oshaka ngeke balahlekelwe yithuba lokuhambisana nomhlambi wehlengethwa, futhi hhayi nje ngethemba lokuzingela ihlengethwa eligula kakhulu noma elincane: oshaka bayakujabulela ukudla izinsalela zedili lamahlengethwa.
Ushaka uvame ukuqala ukuhlasela uma ebona ukuthi into ayithandayo ibhukuda kude nabangane bayo futhi ayikwazi ukumelana nayo. Ngakho-ke, i-tiger shark elukhuni ilinqoba kalula ihlengethwa elilodwa, ikakhulukazi elingatholanga ubukhulu nosayizi omangalisayo. Abafakazi bokuzibonela batshele ukuthi iphakethe loshaka abancane likwazile kanjani ukubulala ngisho nomkhomo wabantu abadala osele ngemuva komhlambi wawo.
Kungani amahlengethwa ehlasela oshaka
Amahlengethwa, njengezilwane ezijwayelekile zomphakathi, awagcini ngokubhukuda ndawonye: ngokubambisana asekela izihlobo ezindala, ezibuthakathaka nezikhulayo, azingele ngamaqembu noma aphikise ukuhlaselwa kwesitha.
Imikhomo enamazinyo ihlukaniswa njengabancintisana ngokudla koshaka, okuyisizathu esihle sokuhlasela owokuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahlengethwa aletha isiteleka sokuqala lapho oshaka bezungeza ngokusondelana ngokusolisayo (bebheka amawundlu noma begula).
Ekulweni nomzingeli, amahlengethwa asizwa ngezinto ezinjengalezi:
- ukuhamba kahle kakhulu;
- isivinini esihle;
- ugebhezi oluqinile (ingxenye engaphambili);
- ukuqoqwa.
Njengoba ebumbene, amahlengethwa asebenzelana kalula noshaka omkhulu omhlophe: babangela ukushaywa okukhomba ngamakhanda abo esiswini (izitho zangaphakathi) kanye nezigilo. Ukufinyelela umgomo, ihlengethwa liyashesha futhi lishaye indawo esengozini kakhulu, i-gill slits. Kufana nokushaya i-plexus yelanga.
Kuyathakazelisa! Amahlengethwa awakwazi ukucindezela oshaka ngobuningi, kepha uma eshayisana emaceleni abedlula ngamandla nangokuqina. Kepha isikhali esesabeka kakhulu samahlengethwa yi-collectivism, egcwaliswa ngukuhlakanipha okuthuthukile.
Killer whale vs ushaka
Umkhomo omkhulu obulalayo, ihlengethwa elihlaba umxhwele kakhulu, yilokho izilwane ezidla amazinyo amakhulu okufanele zikuqaphele ngempela... Ngisho noshaka omkhulu kunabo bonke akakaze akhule alingane nomkhomo obulalayo, abesilisa babo abafinyelela kumamitha ayi-10 bese benesisindo samathani ayi-7.5.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlomo obanzi womkhomo obulalayo unamazinyo amakhulu, uphansi kancane koshaka ngokusebenza kahle nosayizi. Kepha lelihlengethwa linobuchopho, kwesinye isikhathi obubaluleke kakhulu kunamazinyo abukhali.
Ushaka ungenye yezitha zemvelo zemikhomo ebulalayo, hhayi nje ngenxa yokuqondana kokuthandwa kokudla, kepha futhi ngoba uqobo luyinto edobayo yokudoba. Esiswini semikhomo ebulalayo, ngaphezu kwama-penguin, amahlengethwa nezinhlanzi ezinkulu, oshaka bavame ukutholakala.
Vele oshaka bayabhukuda futhi bahambe ngokushesha okukhulu, kepha okuhamba kancane (ama-30 km / h) hhayi i-killer whale eshesha kakhulu kuyinqama yokushaya ebukhoma, ephetha ngogebhezi olungenakunqobeka.
Kuyathakazelisa! Imikhomo ebulalayo, njengawo wonke amahlengethwa, ihlasela ndawonye, isebenzisa inqubo oyithandayo: kushaya impumulo ezinhlangothini ukuguqula isisu sikashaka. Kulesi sikhundla, uwela kancane ekukhubazekeni futhi angakwazi ukuzisiza ngokuphelele.
Ngokuvamile, iqembu elikhulu lemikhomo ebulalayo linqoba kalula ushaka ngisho nomkhomo onamathani amaningi, bese ulidwengula. Kukhona nemifanekiso yempi yomuntu ngamunye, lapho ushaka omkhulu omhlophe nomkhomo obulalayo balwa eduze naseziQhingi zeFarallon. Ihlengethwa laba ngumnqobi.
Amahlengethwa, oshaka nabantu
Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi amahlengethwa avame ukuhlenga abantu maphakathi nolwandle, kufaka phakathi oshaka abomele igazi.... Lokhu kuziphatha kwama-cetaceans kuchazwe ngomqondo owandayo wobumbano: kuthiwa, bathatha umuntu onebhadi ngelinye lamalungu omhlambi futhi bazama ukumsiza.
Ngo-1966, umdobi waseGibhithe uMahmoud Wali wabanjwa yisiphepho esinamandla phakathi kweSuez Canal (ngaseCairo). Isikebhe sokudoba sacwila, uMahmoud wasala kumatilasi ongangena, wazungezwa ngamanzi noshaka abalambile kuzo zonke izinhlangothi.
Akunakwenzeka ukuthi umdobi ubengafika ogwini ephila ukube bekungekho ngomhlambi wamahlengethwa owamsiza. Bathathe lo muntu ompofu bamfaka eringini eliqinile base beqala ukusunduzela umatilasi ogwini, bevimba oshaka ukuthi bangasondeli. Izinto zokuhamba zaphothulwa ngempumelelo, futhi uMahmoud Wali waphuma kulo mdlalo engalimele.
Kuyathakazelisa! Elinye icala elijwayelekile lenzeka ngo-2004 ogwini olusenyakatho yeNew Zealand, noma kunalokho, budebuduze nesiQhingi saseWhangarei. Yilapha lapho i-Beach Rescue Officer uRob Hughes, nozakwabo kanye nendodakazi kaNikki, beprakthiza izindlela zokusindisa abantu emanzini.
Ngokuphazima kweso, abatshuzi base bezungezwe ngamahlengethwa, kungashiyi ndawo ukuthi abantu baphume eringini. Abatakuli bebengadidekile nje, bebethukile, ngoba bebengaqondi ukuthi yini ebangele ukubanjwa okungalindelekile.
Konke kwacaca lapho uHewes ekhululwa ekuthunjweni - ushaka omkhulu omhlophe owayezulazula eduze kwabo, izinhloso zakhe ezimbi zazicace bha. Lapho-ke uHewes wathi ucishe wakhubazeka ngenxa yokwesaba lapho ebona isigaxa somlomo wamazinyo kude ngamamitha amaningana. Amahlengethwa awazange abashiye abatakuli isikhathi esingangehora, baze bafika endaweni ephephile.
I-Mout Marine Laboratory
Kulapha lapho kwenziwa khona ucwaningo olukhombisa kakhulu ubudlelwano phakathi koshaka namahlengethwa. Ihlengethwa elinekhala lamabhodlela, elivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-bottlenose dolphin, elibizwa ngokuthi uSimo, labamba iqhaza ekuhlolweni (okwathunyelwa yi-Bureau of Naval Research).
Ochwepheshe belabhorethri babenomgomo - ukufundisa le ndoda ebukekayo engama-200 kilogram namamitha amabili ukuhlasela oshaka (ngokuya ngemiyalo enikeziwe). USimo wafakwa isifihla-buso senjoloba futhi wafakwa echibini elinoshaka ophilayo olingana nosayizi. Zombili lezi zilwane azibonisanga zimpawu zokuhlukumezeka.
Okubalulekile! Imiphumela ephumelelayo yokuhlolwa yaphoqelela ososayensi bezinto eziphilayo emcabangweni wokuqeqeshwa kwamahlengethwa ukuvikela abatshuzi be-scuba, abatshuzi (abasebenza ngokujula) kanye nalabo abavakashela emabhishi ezivakashi.
Ngemuva kwalokho ihlengethwa lafundiswa ukuhlasela isilwane esidle ngosayizi omncane (1.8 m), kwavuza ngokushaya ngakunye koshaka ngokudla okwenziwe ngezinhlanzi ezintsha. Ngemuva kwalokho uSimo waqeqeshwa ukuthi ahlasele ushaka ompunga ofile (u-2.1 m), owadonswa ngaphezulu kwamanzi echibi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ihlengethwa laqeqeshelwa ukuxosha isidalwa esiphilayo esingu-1.8 m ubude echibini.
Amahlengethwa njengabavikeli bakashaka
Umqondo wokuheha amahlengethwa ukuvikela ababhukudi koshaka uchanyuselwa ochwepheshe besayensi emazweni amaningana... Ngenkathi ukusetshenziswa kombono othokozisayo kuthikanyezwa yizimo ezithile ezibucayi:
- Akukho 100% okuqinisekile ukuthi amahlengethwa azohlanganisa umuntu osenkingeni nelungu lomphakathi wakubo. Kungenzeka ukuthi bazomkhomba njengomuntu ongamazi futhi bahambe ngesikhathi esiyingozi kakhulu.
- Amahlengethwa yizilwane zamahhala ezingazilinganiseli ekubhukuda olwandle, kufaka phakathi ukunyakaza okubangelwa ukufuduka. Kungakho kungenzeki ukubeka ama-cetacean eketangeni noma ngenye indlela uwabophele emkhakheni othile ukuze ethuse bonke oshaka abazungezile lapho.
- Noma ngabe yini umuntu angayisho, kepha iningi lamahlengethwa aphansi ngamandla omzimba kunezinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu nezingozi kakhulu zoshaka (ihlosi, omkhulu omhlophe noma omnyama). Lezi zidlakela, uma zifunwa, zingagqashula iringi lamahlengethwa futhi zisondele kakhulu kumuntu ngangokunokwenzeka.
Kodwa-ke, ochthyologists baseNingizimu Afrika sebesitholile (njengoba becabanga) isisombululo senkinga yesithathu. Khumbula ukuthi omunye wabantu abaningi boshaka abamhlophe wabonakala emanzini aseningizimu kahulumeni. Ososayensi baseNingizimu Afrika baphakamise ukuthi bathathe imikhomo ebulala abantu abazogada amabhishi endawo. Kuhlala kuphela ukuthola imali bese uqala ukuqeqeshwa.
