Inyoni edla inyama, efana nohwane ngokubukeka, iyamangala ngobukhosi. Ukubukeka okuhle, indiza emangazayo, ubuhlakani obusheshayo buhlanganiswe nezwi lenyoni engajwayelekile ngokuphelele, elifana ne-meow. Ngakho-ke, igama lavela ubhontshisi kusuka esenzweni "ukububula", okungukuthi ngokwenyanya ngokwenyanya, khala, whine. Ngaphandle kwalokho, lesi silwane esidliwayo esinamaphiko sibizwa ngokuthi ibhungane.
Inyoni yenyoni
Incazelo nezici
Inyoni le ivela emndenini omkhulu wabomakhenyana. Ubude bomzimba bungu-55-57 cm, umsila welula u-25-28 cm, amaphiko ayindilinga ebangeni - cishe amasentimitha ayi-120. Abesifazane bavame ukuba bakhulu kunabesilisa. Isisindo sabantu abahlukene singama-500-1300 g.
Ingubo enoboya yama-buzzards yehluke kakhulu kangangokuthi empeleni akunakwenzeka ukuthola umbhangqwana wabantu abafanayo. Ububanzi bemibala buhlanganisa umbala omnyama, ompunga, onsundu, omhlophe nophuzi.
Kwezinye izinhlobo, izimpaphe ezimnyama nsundu ezinephethini eguqukayo ezimpapheni zomsila zivelele, kwezinye iphethini elimpunga elikhanyayo elinamabala amnyama nemivimbo. Abantu abasha bahlukaniswa ngokubukeka okuhlukile. Ngezansi kwamaphiko ezinyoni kunemidwebo elula.
Ama-paws abomvu-phuzi, uqhwaku oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka phansi ngokushintshela kancane kancane kube mnyama ngasesinqeni. Amehlo abomvu ngokubomvu phambi kwamehlo, anombala onsundu ngokukhanyisela amatshwele, kepha ngeminyaka yobudala, umbala kancane kancane uba mpunga.
Ama-buzzard anamehlo amahle, ukuthinta okuhle kakhulu. Abadli bezilwane baba nokuzwa okujulile futhi bakhulisa umqondo wokuhogela. AmaBuzzards anokushesha, anobuqili. Abanikazi bezinyoni abahlala ekuthunjweni bathi ubuhlakani bezinyoni obuthuthukisiwe.
Indiza yeBuzzard
I-Nasal izwi likabhungane eyaziwa kahle kubathandi abaningi bemvelo. Imisindo eyenziwe ngabesilisa iphakeme kunemisindo eyenziwe abesifazane. Kungenzeka uzizwe izingoma zabo kuphela ngenkathi yokuvuna. Esinye isikhathi ama-buzzard asichitha ngokuthula, awazidonseli amehlo ngokukhala noma eminye imisindo.
Lalela izwi likanobhungane
Izinhlobo
Esigabeni sama-buzzard, amaqembu amabili ahlukaniswa ngokwemibandela:
- i-buteo - indlela yokuphila yokuhlala phansi iyisici, ukufudukela ebangeni elincane kuvunyelwe;
- I-vulpinus - yenza ukufuduka okukude, okuhlukile ngabantu base-Himalaya.
Izinhlobo ezivamile zama-buzzard zimi kanje:
- i-buzzard ejwayelekile... Abantu bosayizi ophakathi nezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Kusatshalaliswe engxenyeni enokhuni yensimu yase-Eurasia, phila impilo yokuhlala phansi;
- ubhasikidi onomsila obomvu. Bahlala eNyakatho naseMelika Ephakathi. Zikhetha izindawo ezingamahlathi eduze kwezindawo ezivulekile zomhlaba. Igama likhuluma ngezici ezikhethekile zombala. Izimpiko zibonakala ngokuma okuyindilinga;
- UNyazi. Izinyoni ezinkulu ezinamaphiko ububanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-160. Inhloko nesifuba kuyizimpaphe ezilula, ngaphandle kwemicu. Umbala wesisu, izidladla zibomvu. Bahlala endaweni yaseMedithera, ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ye-Afrika, eGrisi, eTurkey. Amathafa asezintabeni namathafa awugwadule ayathandeka kumaBuzzard anemilenze emide;
- I-Upland Buzzard... Inyoni iyafana ngosayizi ojwayelekile. Umehluko kumbala okhanyayo wesisu. Igama ligcizelela ubuqili bezimpaphe zezinzwane. Kuhlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho ze-Eurasia, eNyakatho Melika, naseziqhingini zeziqhingi;
- usvenson buzzard. Ubungako bezinyoni buncane kunobo bezizalwa. Izinhlobonhlobo ungazibona ngendawo emhlophe emphinjeni, izimpiko ezinombala onsundu ezingenamachashazi, nesisu esilula. Ukundiza konyazi kufana nokunyakaza kwekhayithi. Uhlala eCanada, eMexico. UHibernate uya eCalifornia, eFlorida;
Kulula ukubona ibhungane laseSvenson ngezimpaphe ezimhlophe ezisemphinjeni
- unogwaja womgwaqo. Kufana nokubukeka kondlunkulu. Ngemuva kunempunga, isisu siphuzi ngokukhanyayo ngemivimbo ebomvu. Amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo nasendaweni eshisayo aheha lezi zinyoni;
- IGalapagos Buzzard. Izinyoni zincane ngosayizi futhi nsundu ngombala. Imivimbo empunga ihlobisa umsila. Lezi zinhlobo zivame kakhulu endaweni enkulu yeziQhingi zaseGalapagos;
- I-African mountain buzzard. Izinyoni ezincane ezinezimpaphe ezimnyama emuva. Isisu simhlophe qwa ngezinsimbi ezinsundu. Uhlala emazweni ase-Afrika phakathi kwezintaba namagquma endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-4500 ngaphezu kolwandle;
- IMadagascar Buzzard. Kuhlala ezindaweni ezisuka ezindaweni eziphansi ezivulekile kuya ezintabeni, emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezifudumele;
- I-Upland Buzzard. Ukubukeka kufana ne-buzzard ende. Izimpaphe zinombala onsundu ngokubomvu. Izindawo zokwakha izidleke - emaqeleni avulekile, ezintabeni zase-Altai, eManchuria. Ezindaweni zokuhlala ebusika, le nyoni indizela eChina, eTurkestan, e-Iran;
- i-rock buzzard. Ikhanda elincanyana noqhwaku olunamandla kwehlukanisa abahlala ezintabeni eNingizimu Afrika. Ukhozi lunezimpaphe ezimpunga nomsila obomvu;
- inhlwathi yezinhlanzi. Ithanda ukubhukuda eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi emahlathini. Uhlala ezindaweni eziphansi ezishisayo zaseMexico, e-Argentina. Izidladla ezihlutshiwe;
- unogwaja oklebe. Lezi zinhlobo ziyefana ne-buzzard evamile. Ukuzala empumalanga ye-Asia. Ubhazabhaza woKlebe - umbono ongavamile.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-buzzard kumboza izindawo ezisethafeni nezinezintaba. AmaBuzzard awavumeli abantu angabazi ukuthi bangene ezindaweni ezinabantu. Emoyeni, phakathi kwamahlathi, bahlasela kakhulu abantu bangaphandle, babaxoshele ngaphandle kwesikhala sabo.
Ungabona inyoni ehlathini ngesimo sayo sokuma - izinyoni zihlala emagatsheni, zigobile futhi zinomlenze oboshiwe. Lokhu akubavimbeli ekubukeni ngokuqapha okwenzeka nxazonke futhi babheke inyamazane. Ngisho naseholidini, izinyoni azilahlekelwa ukuqapha kwazo.
Ubhuza undiza kancane, buthule, uvame ukundiza isikhathi eside ngaphezu kwezikhala eziluhlaza. Le nyoni igijimela isisulu ngokushesha, icindezele amaphiko womabili emzimbeni. Kusondele kakhulu emhlabathini i-buzzard ejwayelekile Ngokushesha welula izimpiko zayo futhi ubamba inyamazane ngozipho oluqinile.
Ekuzingeleni, hhayi kuphela usizo oluhle kakhulu lokubona nokuzwa, kodwa futhi nobuqili, ubuhlakani, ubuhlakani. Izimfanelo ezinjalo zisindisa izidalwa uqobo ezitheni zemvelo. Kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi ngaphambi kokuchitha ubusuku, ama-buzzards aphambanisa imizila yawo ukuze kungabikho noyedwa ezilwaneni ezilambile ezilandela le nyoni.
AmaBuzzards afuna inyamazane ezindaweni ezivulekile. Izinyoni zindiza emoyeni noma zibheke inyamazane egqumeni, ngenkathi ziqamekele. Lapho kukhona ukunganyakazi okuphelele ukuze bahlale bengabonwa.
Izinhlobo ezifudukayo ziya ezindaweni ezifudumele ngo-Ephreli-Meyi, kuya ngezimo zezulu. Izindiza zasekwindla zivela ngo-Agasti kuya kuSepthemba.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukudla komzingeli kuncike ekudleni kwezilwane: amagundane e-vole, amagundane, ama-hamsters, ama-moles, izingwejeje zomhlabathi namanye amagundane, okuyinto ibuzzard ekhetha okunye ukudla. Isisulu singaba ngumvundla omaphakathi nofana isigaxa esisogwini. Kudliwa izintethe, ojekamanzi, ifilly, nesikhonyane. Izinyoni zizingela izinyoni - ohlangothini, ama-pheasants, izinyoni ezimnyama nezinye izinyoni ezincane ziba yizisulu.
Ukuqothulwa kwamagundane inyoni yenyoni kunenzuzo enkulu. Ngosuku olulodwa nje, izingcezu ezincane zezolimo ezincane ezingama-30 ziba ukudla kwaso. Phakathi nonyaka, inani lazo lifinyelela cishe ku-11 000. Njengoba amagundane kungukudla okuthandwa kakhulu ama-buzzards, ngesikhathi sokusatshalaliswa kwawo ngobuningi, izinyoni azishintsheli kokunye ukudla.
Izinyoka ezinobuthi ziyaziwa ngokudla izinyoni. Kodwa inyoni uqobo ayivikelekile kubuthi bezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Ukuntuleka kokuzivikela komzimba kuholela ekufeni kwenyoni uma inyoka inesikhathi sokuyiluma. Lokhu akuvamile ukwenzeka.
Ijubane lokuhlasela kwe-hawkish libamba isisulu ngokumangala. Ngokwenza lokhu, unembe uyashesha kangangokuthi, lapho ephuthelwe, ushaya isiqu somuthi, udonga. Ngezikhathi zendlala, i-buzzard ingadla izidumbu.
Izidladla ezisikiwe zisetshenziselwa ukubamba inyamazane, uqhwaku olucijile lukuvumela ukuba uqophe izikhumba zezilwane eziqinile.
Ukwehliswa kwe-buzzard lapho kuhlaselwa inyamazane
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Abesifazane bamaBuzzard bakhulu ngobukhulu kunabesilisa. Azikho ezinye izimpawu zomehluko phakathi kwazo. Imindeni yezinyoni eyakhiwe igcinelwa impilo ende yezinyoni.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana sezinyoni ezinomfazi oyedwa senzeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Umzabalazo ongenakuphikiswa wenziwa phakathi kwabesilisa ukuze kunakwe abesifazane. Imidanso yomoya, ekhuphuka emoyeni, kudlalwa izingoma ukuheha izithandani. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nezimpi ezinzima.
Isidleke senyoni esinamaqanda
Izinyunyana ezakhiwe ziqala ukwakha izidleke ezihlahleni ezihlwabusayo, ezingavamisile ukuba ziyi-coniferous. Isakhiwo sakhiwa yizinyoni ndawonye endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-6-15 emfoloko yamagatsha awugqinsi. Kwesinye isikhathi isidleke esidala siba yisisekelo esifanelekile.
Indawo yokuhlala yomndeni ingakhiwa emadwaleni kuye ngendawo yezinyoni. Isidleke senyoni sakhiwa ngamahlumela alukiwe ngotshani obomile. Ngaphakathi, ngezansi kufakwe ubulembu, amaqabunga aluhlaza, izingcezu zoboya bezilwane, izimpaphe. Isidleke sigadiwe ngokucophelela kubantu ongabazi.
Kwi-clutch kuvame ukuba namaqanda ama-3-4, angavamile kangango-4-5, aluhlaza okotshani onamachashazi amnyama. Bobabili abazali bagaqela bona amasonto ama-5. Amachwane asanda kuzalwa avela ekuqaleni kukaJuni futhi adinga ukunakwa njalo.
Umzimba wenkukhu ngayinye umbozwe ngwevu emnyama phansi. Insikazi ihlala "isemsebenzini", izinyoni zesilisa zizingela ngalesi sikhathi ukondla umndeni omkhulu. Isilwane esilethwayo siqale sidliwe yinsikazi, kulandele amaphuphu.
Isikhathi esichithwa yizingane esidlekeni cishe izinsuku ezingama-40-50. Intsha iyaqina, ifunde ukundiza, futhi ishiye abazali bayo ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Ngenkathi, inkonkoni yesifazane iyakwazi ukuphinde izalele amaqanda futhi ikhulise amatshwele, uma ibamba lokuqala belingenakugcinwa. Lokhu kusebenza njengesivikelo semvelo kuma-broods ahlulekile.
Impilo yama-buzzards yinde impela, yiminyaka engama-24-26. Ezinqolobaneni zemvelo, ekuthunjweni, ziphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30-32.UBuzzard esithombeni ibukeka ibukekayo, iyaziqhenya. Kuyimpumelelo enkulu ukuhlangana naye emvelweni. Hhayi njalo undizela ezindaweni ezinamahlathi ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni.
Amantshontsho ebhova
Ama-Ornithologists aqaphele isici esithandekayo: lapho kuvela khona ama-buzzards, amagwababa anyamalala, asaba umhlaseli. Kepha unembeza ngeke acasule, ngokungafani namagwababa, amachwane ezinyoni ezincane, ama-nightingles amnandi, amarobhothi, izinkanyezi, uma enamagundane anele nezinkumbi ezanele. Nyoni ekhazimulayo!
