Inziki yomhlaba kubhekiswa kuma-amphibians angenamsila. Lesi yisikwati. Isigaba kubhekiselwa kuso njengama-amphibians. Isikwati sinomndeni wamasu. Izizukulwane ezingaphezu kuka-40 zingezakhe. Kunezinhlobo ezingama-579 kuzo. Babizwa ngobumba, ngoba ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo naphakathi nosuku phakathi nesikhathi esishisayo bacasha emigodini, bazingcwabe phakathi kwezimpande, amatshe.
Incazelo kanye nezici zesigaxa sobumba
I-Earth toad esithombeni kanti empeleni likhulu kunexoxo, linesikhumba esomile, esiqine kakhulu. Ihlanganiswe nohlobo lwezinsumpa, iziqu ezikhulayo. Amaxoxo awanawo, kanye namandla okubamba izinambuzane ngejubane lombani endizeni.
Iselesele libathatha ngolimi lwalo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amasele anabise imilenze yangemuva. Lokhu kuvumela izilwane ukuba zigxume. Abamasele bancishwa leli khono. Umehluko owengeziwe wamaxoxo yilawa:
- umzimba ovulekile ngaphandle kwemingcele ecacile
- ikhanda lehliselwe phansi
- inqwaba yezindlala ezingemuva, ezivame ukukhiqiza ubuthi
- isikhumba esimnyama ngezwi eliphansi
- ukungabi namazinyo emihlathini engenhla
I-dimorphism yezocansi iyakhiwa ezinsikeni zobumba. Abesilisa bancane kakhulu kunabesifazane futhi banezinzwane zokuqala ezingabanjwanga emilenzeni yabo yangaphambili. Kuyasiza nquma ubulili besikhumba sobumba.
Ama-callus on the paws of Toads of Toads wesilisa anezindlala zesikhumba ezikhule kakhulu. Basiza ukugcina umhlane womlingani ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Ngakho-ke imicabango yokwangana nokubamba yathuthukiswa kwabesilisa.
Kukhuphuke ezinkingeni zobumba nezindlala zezindlebe. Lokhu kusebenza kubo bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane. Izindlala zezindlebe zibizwa ngama-parotids.
Amasayizi wamasondo afinyelela kumasentimitha angama-30 ubude. Kulokhu, isisindo somuntu singaba ngama-2.3 kilogram. Kukhona nabameleli abancane beqembu abangamasentimitha ama-3 ubude.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Izinyawo ezinezinyawo ezimfushane nezikhuluphele ngokweqile ziyagwedla kancane. Ngezikhathi zengozi, ama-amphibians aguqa imihlane yawo. Lokhu ngokubukeka kwenza amasele abe makhulu, ethuse abaphula umthetho. Amaxoxo avele agxume aqhamuke kokugcina.
Amathotholo kwesinye isikhathi ayakwazi ukugxuma okukodwa, kepha ayakwenza uma "iqhinga" lokugoqa emuva lihluleka.
Ukuba nesikhumba esi-rougher, esine-keratinized kunamaxoxo, amasele angahlala kude nemizimba yamanzi isikhathi eside. Asikho isidingo se-hydration engaguquki yenombolo. Ngokuqondile, ama-parotids athatha lo msebenzi. Zikhiqiza imfihlo yokuthambisa.
Impilo yesikhumba sobumba ihlukaniswe ngezigaba zokuphumula nokusebenza, hhayi kuphela imini nobusuku. Lesi sakamuva isikhathi sokuvuka. Impilo nayo ihlukaniswe yaba yisikhathi sokufudumala nokubanda. Ngobusika, amasele angena emhlabathini ngokujula ngamasentimitha ayi-10. Lapho, izilwane ziwela opopayi obumisiwe, zinciphisa inqubo yazo ebalulekile.
Izinsipho zingagobhoza ezingwadule, ezimfundeni, emahlathini. Isimo esikhulu ukuba khona kwedamu eliseduze. Akukona ukumanzisa izembozo zamasu. Badinga amanzi okuzala. Amaqanda abekwa emaxhaphozini nasemachibini.
Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana umsindo wobulembu bobumba ngezinye izikhathi kubukeka sengathi kunesidingo. Ama-amphibian asabekayo angancipha kancane. Ukukhala kwamaxoxo, okufana namaxoxo, akuvamile futhi ngezwi eliphansi, elinomqala. Ukukhala kwamaxoxo, okufana namaxoxo, akuvamile futhi ngezwi eliphansi, elinomphimbo.
Izinhlobo zamasele obumba
Cishe ezinhlotsheni ezingaba ngu-600 zamasele obumba eRussia, 6. Uhlu luqala ngohlobo olujwayelekile. Kubizwa nangokuthi isibabule. Kuboniswa isisu se-amphibian. Ingemuva leselesele kunempunga emnyama.
Ubude bezwane elijwayelekile abudluli ngamasentimitha ayi-7. Ububanzi bomzimba bufinyelela ku-12. Ungabona isilwane e-Asia Ephakathi naseMpumalanga Ekude.
Ngaphezu kwethayela elijwayelekile lomhlaba ohlwini lwezinhlobo zaseRussia:
1. EMpumalanga Ekude... Yena, njengempunga, unamehlo asawolintshi. Kodwa-ke, umbala wezinkukhu zaseMpumalanga Ekude uhlukile. Kwisizinda esimhlophe, kunezindawo zamathoni wezitini nokumakwa okumnyama. Izindlebe zaseMpumalanga Ekude zihlala emadlelweni ezikhukhula kanye namahlathi anamanzi, anomthunzi.
Kuneziningi zazo eSakhalin, ngasogwini olusempumalanga yeRussia. Ngaphandle kwemingcele yayo, lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu e-PRC naseKorea.
2. Okuluhlaza okotshani... Kubuye kubonwe, kepha ukumaka kuluhlaza futhi kuncane kunokwaseMpumalanga Ekude. Umdwebo ubukeka ubucayi. Ingemuva mpunga okhanyayo. Amachashazi e-orange nawo asakazeke ngemuva. Umbala ufana nokuphrinta okufihliwe.
Isigaxa esiluhlaza sitholakala enkabeni yeRussia emadlelweni anezikhukhula nasezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi.
3. IsiMongolia... Leli qweqwe ngu-grey-olive. Izindawo eziluhlaza okotshani. Banobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Isisu siyakhanya. Izinsumpa zesilisa ziyamuncana. Ukuphuma kwesikhumba kwabesifazane kubushelelezi. Abamele lezi zinhlobo bahlala engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwe.
4. ECaucasian... Insundu futhi inkulu kunamanye amasele obumba waseRussia, efinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-13. Kusuka egameni indawo lapho kuhlala khona izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini kucacile. Ezintabeni zaseCaucasus, amasele adonsela emihumeni emanzi.
5. Umhlanga... Ifana nokuluhlaza, kepha kuncane. Umbala wamachashazi ezinzwane ukhanya bha. Esikhundleni samachashazi e-orange ngemuva - nsundu. Amaselenge omhlanga asengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Uma unenhlanhla, abamele lezi zinhlobo bangatholakala esifundeni saseKaliningrad.
Amanye amaxoxo afakwa ezinsolweni zeqiniso zobumba. Cishe uhhafu wezilimi, akukho mehluko owenziwayo phakathi kwemiqondo. Ngakho-ke, ixoxo lemvula elimnyama laseAfrika liyikho kokubili isele elimnyama lobumba... Amakhona omlomo wakhe aphansi. Lokhu kwenza isilwane sibonakale sidabukile. Umzimba we-amphibian uhlala uvuvukala.
Amaseles wangempela ngaphandle kwaseRussia afaka, ngokwesibonelo, i-American-headed-cricket kanye nekhilikithi. Esokugcina sinombala ophuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani. Leli ithoni enkulu. Ukudweba - nsundu-mnyama. Isisu sikakhilikithi ukhilimu, kanti intamo imhlophe kwabesifazane futhi imnyama kwabesilisa.
Inzwani enekhanda likaphayini iphindwe kathathu kunekhilikithi, futhi ifinyelela ngamasentimitha ayi-11 ubude. Igama lale nhlobo ngenxa yemisele evelele eduze kwamehlo. Ukuphuma kutholakala ngokude. Abamele lezi zinhlobo banemibala ehlukahlukene, kepha izinsumpa emzimbeni zihlala zikhanya noma zimnyama kakhulu kunethoni eyinhloko.
Isigaxa esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, i-bloomberg, naso sihlala ngaphandle kweRussia. Abamele lezi zinhlobo batholakala eColombia, endaweni yase-Ecuador. Lapho, amasele afinyelela ngamasentimitha angama-30 ubude. Phansi komzimba wesilwane kunombala obomvana ngokugqamile, kanti phezulu kunombala oluhlaza otshani obunemibala.
I-antipode kaBloomberg ngumcibisheli waseKihansi. Ubude bomzimba wale Toad abweqi ngamasentimitha ama-2. Lona umkhawulo wabesilisa. ISaki iyisentimitha elilodwa kukhudlwana. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ngokwazo zingamasele ambalwa. Izilwane zihlala ngaphakathi kweTanzania. Kukhona impophoma yaseKihansi. Ama-Amphibian abizwa ngegama lakhe. Ngokomlando bahlala kumahektha ama-2 phansi kwempophoma.
Ekupheleni kwesahluko, sikhuluma ngozwane. Uyilungu lomndeni elinobuthi kakhulu. Ngosayizi, ama-aga amakhulu angaphansi kwamasentimitha angu-2-4 kuphela kune-bloomberg. Ubuthi bezikhumba bukhiqizwa yizindlala emzimbeni wonke. Amakhulu kakhulu asekhanda.
Ubuthi budubula buqonde kumuntu owonile. Ubuthi bungena esikhunjeni. Ngakho-ke, kuyingozi ukubamba i-aga ezandleni zakho. Izilwane eziluma i-amphibian zifa kungakapheli nemizuzu embalwa. Ubuthi buvimba umsebenzi wenhliziyo.
Ngaphandle, i-aha ihlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwezinsumpa ezihlabayo ngemuva, emilenzeni. Isilwane futhi sinesikhumba se-keratinized kakhulu kunamanye amasele. Ijwabu leso eliphezulu le-aga linqunywe yisivikelo esikhethekile esiyindilinga. Umbala wale toad ubunsundu ngokumpunga namabala amnyama ngaphezulu. Ukumakwa kukhulu ngemuva futhi kuncane emzimbeni ongezansi.
Ukudla kwezilwane
Udliwa yini umfeze wobumba ngokwengxenye kuncike lapho ihlala khona. Kufingqa ukudla nge-100% base protein. Amathanga awadli ukudla kwezitshalo. Ukudla kukhawulelwe ekudleni izikelemu nezinambuzane.
Okuhlukile kungukudla kwe-agi. Ngenxa yobuthi, i-amphibian nayo iyakwazi ukuthelela izinyoni ezincane, amagundane, nezilwane ezihuquzelayo.
Ebunyeni beRussia, amasele adla ikakhulukazi ama-fillies, izintuthwane, ama-earwig, ama-slugs, amacimbi, achofoze amabhungane, omiyane. Iningi ohlwini lizinambuzane. ngakho-ke isele lobumba engadini noma epulazini kuyasiza.
Kodwa-ke, izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemhlabeni azivamile ukubonwa lapho ngezandla ezifudumele. Imayelana nezinkolelo ezithandwayo. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi bathatha izintambo zakhe ngesikhathi sokuthinta isilwane. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi amasele amele amandla obumnyama. Futhi abanye bahlobanisa neqhawekazi le-athikili nokufa.
Ngobulungiswa, siyaqaphela ukuthi kukhona nokuhumusha okuhle kwesithombe sezinhlamvu zobumba. E-China, isibonelo, uyisibonakaliso somcebo. Abantu baseCeltic babiza isele ngokuthi inkosi yomhlaba.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Impendulo yombuzo, zizala kanjani izinzwani zobumba eRussia, akubonakali - ukukhulelwa kwangaphandle. Iqanda liphuma ngaphandle komzimba. Lapho, owesilisa uyavundisa. Amaqanda avela ezinsweni amaqanda awo. Izinsikazi zalo zilele echibini. Abesilisa bavundisa amaqanda lapho.
Amadamu, amachibi, imisele nemifudlana yemifula kukhethwa njengamachibi okuzala izinzwane. Ngaphandle kweRussia, kunezinhlobo ezibeka amaqanda kuma-rapids. Kulokhu, onoshobishobi banamaswidi. Zitholakala esiswini. Ngosizo lwama-suckers, onoshobishobabekwa ku-algae, amatshe aphansi, ama-snags.
Kwelinye izwe, kukhona nezinhlayiya zomhlaba eziveza ngaphandle kwemizimba yamanzi. Abamele izinhlobo zasePhilippines bathola amaqanda abo kuma-axils amaqabunga ezihlahla. Toads pick imifino at ukuphakama amamitha ambalwa.
Okuhlukile phakathi kwamashoba nakho yilokho okusebenzisa umjikelezo wangaphakathi wokukhulelwa. Lezi yizinhlobo ze-viviparous. Amaqanda abo akhula emaqanda avulekile. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi wonke amasele we-viviparous mancane, awadluli amasentimitha ama-3 ubude.
Mangaki amasele obumba ahlala futhi kuya ngohlobo. Umkhawulo weningi yiminyaka engama-25, ubuncane beminyaka engu-5. Kodwa-ke, abamele izinhlobo ezinkulu basinda baze babe neminyaka engama-36 ubudala.
Ungasusa kanjani isigaxa sobumba
Ukudla izinambuzane, amasele awadeleli iphunga elibi futhi awazesabi ezinemibala ehlukile. Izinyoni ezidla inyama azizinaki. Ngakho-ke kukhona okuvela ku- inzuzo yobumba lobumba. Ukulimaza noma izilwane zasemanzini azilimazi ingadi. Kepha ngenxa yezinzuzo zabo, izinhlobo eziningi zamasele zazinza emhlabeni wonke.
Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, ngafika e-Australia naseziQhingini zaseHawaii. Abahlali bokugcina badedelwa emasimini ngemihlanga. Amaselese abulala izinambuzane ngokushesha, esindisa isivuno.
Naphezu kwezinzuzo ze-heroine ye-athikili, abaningi bacabanga ungasusa kanjani isigaxa sobumba... Imayelana nezinkolelo, imibono eyeqisayo kanye nokuzonda nje izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini. Phakathi kwezindlela zokususa ubuhlalu kukhona:
- ukugcina izinkukhu ezizodla izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini
- ukusula indawo yamaqabunga afile, amabhodi, amagxolo nezinye izindawo lapho kungacasha khona amasele
- ukugunda utshani ngezikhathi ezithile okudingekile ngamashukela okwehliswa nokukhoseliswa
Ukuphela kwento, eqinisweni, amasele alimaza izingadi zemifino - imigodi. Ukuzenzela indawo yokukhosela, ama-amphibian angathinta izimpande zezitshalo. Abanye abalimi bakhala ngokuthi ukhukhamba wabo notamatisi kwehluleka ngokoqobo. Kodwa-ke, ngomphumela onjalo, kufanele kube khona inqwaba yamas Toads. Imvamisa, bambalwa kuphela abantu abahlala kusayithi elilodwa.
