Incazelo nezici ze-flycatcher
Phakathi kwesizwe esinezimpaphe, kunabamele abaningi abaletha izinzuzo ezingangabazeki futhi bahlelekile emahlathini, izingadi namapaki, abaqothuli bezinambuzane eziyingozi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi umabhebhana – inyoni enesisindo esifinyelela ku-25 gram kuphela.
Ubalwa ososayensi ngokulandelana kwabaphasayo. Abamele bayo bavelele emndenini ohlukile, nawo ohlukaniswe izazi zezinto eziphilayo zibe yisigaba ezimbili ezinkulu, esidume ngezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu.
Lawa angabadobi bangempela futhi abahlukahlukene. Ngosayizi, izinyoni ezinjalo azifinyeleli kuma-cm ayi-15 futhi ziyafana ngondlunkulu - izizukulwane zazo, kepha zigqama ngokuya ngezici zazo zangaphandle ngombala wezimpaphe zazo, ezaziwa ngokuhlukahluka kwazo futhi kuncike ohlotsheni lwalezi zinyoni.
Ngokwengxenye enkulu, abadobi bezimpukane bangempela banemibala ecashile, phakathi kwayo kunombala onsundu, ompunga, omnqumo onamachaphaza amhlophe namnyama. Kepha imibala yabadobi bezindiza abahlukahlukene icebile kakhulu. Abamele lolu hlobo lubomvu, owolintshi, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuphuzi, futhi badume ngezinye izikali ezikhanyayo zezimpaphe.
Amaphiko ama-birdies anjalo, ubude bawo bungaba ngamasentimitha angama-20, abukeka made kakhulu uma eqhathaniswa nosayizi womzimba wawo ongabalulekile, kepha awabanzi nhlobo. Imilenze yabo ibuthakathaka futhi ayivumeli abanikazi bayo ukuba bahambele kude futhi ngokushesha kuyo.
Umlomo unamandla futhi unesakhiwo esimangazayo, ngaphandle kokucacisa ukuthi yikuphi Incazelo ye-flycatcher ngeke kupheleliswe. Ubanzi futhi uyisicaba; igebe limi ngomlomo.
Ama-setae anwebekayo angabonakala emaphethelweni oqhwaku nasesizindeni, amboze ngisho namakhala kwezinye izinhlobo. Umsila uqonde futhi mfushane ezinhlotsheni eziningi, imvamisa uphela ekusikeni.
Ububanzi bezinyoni ezinjalo bukhulu impela. EYurophu, lezi zinyoni zitholakala cishe kulo lonke izwekazi. Ngasempumalanga, indawo yazo yokuhlala ifinyelela eqeleni lezintaba ze-Ural futhi iqhubekele ngaphesheya kwezilwandle zaseSiberia.
Zitholakala nase-Asia Ephakathi neseNingizimu, zithola isiphephelo eCaucasus ngisho naseningizimu, ngisho nase-Afrika, lapho zitholakala kaningi khona umabhebhana... Kepha ini ukufuduka noma ubusika lo mmeleli wesizwe esinezimpaphe, kuncike ngqo endaweni yayo yokuhlala.
Abazulazuli abanamaphiko abahlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho bafuduka ngezikhathi ezingezinhle, bandizela eNdiya ebusika, kancane entshonalanga - ePakistan, e-Iraq, eSyria kanye naseningizimu - emazweni ase-Afrika. Ngalesi sizathu, lezi zinyoni zivame ukuhlukaniswa njengezifudukayo.
Izinhlobo zeFlycatcher
Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaba amakhulu amathathu zalezi zinyoni emhlabeni, kepha ezifundeni zaseRussia kunezincane kakhulu zazo, ngokunembile - ezingekho ngaphezu kweshumi nanhlanu. Okuphawuleka kakhulu kubo kungabonakala esithombeni. I-Flycatcher ukuhlukahluka okwehlukile kwesinye, ikakhulukazi, kumbala wezimpaphe.
Izinhlobo okufanele zishiwo ngokukhethekile zifaka okulandelayo:
1. Umcibisholo ompunga... Umbala walezi zinhlobo awubonakali futhi unesizotha: phezulu kunsundu-mpunga, futhi amabhulethi amancane akhanyayo abonwa ngezansi. Njengoba zingenawo umkhuba wokucashela abantu, lezi zinyoni zivame ukuhlala eduze kwezindlu zezwe, zitholakala ezigcawini nasemapaki.
Noma zibonakala, izinyoni ezinjalo zihlala zingabonakali, ezisizwa kakhulu ngombala wazo ongahlonipheki. Ubasiza futhi ukuthi bakhe izidleke futhi bakhulise ngokuphepha inzalo yabo eduze kwezimpawu zempucuko nokuhlala kwabantu, ngenkathi kungabonakali. Inyoni enjalo yenza imisindo ingajwayelekile, futhi ingoma yayo ilula, kanye nemibala yayo.
Ama-flycatcher ampunga
2. I-flycatcher eboshiwe... Abesilisa balezi zinhlobo bafana ngombala nezimpimpi, banobubanzi obumnyama nomhlophe bezimpaphe, amabala amhlophe ezimpikweni nasebunzini, kanye nesisu sombala ofanayo. Abesifazane abampunga onsundu babukeka bengaqondakali kangako. Abamele lolu hlobo baziwa ngemvelo yabo emnivorous.
Bakha izidleke zabo, abadobi bezimpukane abazibophele bazinamathelisa emifantwini yezihlahla nasemigodini. Njengabamele izinhlobo ezichazwe ngaphambili, abesabi abantu futhi kaningi bakhetha izidleke zokufakelwa.
I-flycatcher eboshiwe
3. I-flycatcher encane... Ngaphandle, iyafana neZoryanka, ehlukile kwezinye izinhlobo ezinendawo ebomvu, esesifubeni futhi ebonakala kakhulu engxenyeni yesilisa, ime ngobukhulu bayo obukhulu. Isisindo sabamele lezi zinhlobo ezingavamile cishe singama-gramu ayi-11, futhi ubude bomzimba abudluli i-decimeter.
Ngesikhathi sendiza, amabala amhlophe asemsileni wababambi bezindiza abancane abonakala kahle. Izinyoni zalolu hlobo zinamandla okwenza imisindo ethakazelisa kakhulu, emele impempe edabukisayo, ethusayo.
I-flycatcher encane
4. IPharadesi Flycatcher... Igama eliqhakazile lale nyoni ehlaba umxhwele likhuluma ngobuhle bayo obungajwayelekile, okuba yinto engacimekiyo kuwo wonke umuntu onenhlanhla yokubona izidalwa ezinjengezimpaphe ezinjalo. Izimpaphe zayo zihlukile futhi zikhanya kahle. Umsila wayo mkhulu, futhi weqa ubude bomzimba, okungenani kabili.
Umhlobo lo unama-subspecies alishumi nantathu. Ensimini yombuso wethu omkhulu, ukuhlukahluka okunjalo kungatholakala kuphela ePrimorsky Territory. Kutholakala nasePhilippines, e-Indonesia, eChina nakwamanye amazwe amaningi anesimo sezulu esifudumele. Izinyoni ezinjalo zihlala emahlathini aminyene, zizama ukucasha kude nempucuko nezindlu, kanye namehlo abukhali.
IPharadesi Flycatcher
5. I-Royal flycatcher... Izinyoni ezinjalo futhi zingezohlobo lwezinyoni eziphawuleka kakhulu ezinokubukeka kwasekuqaleni futhi okuhlaba umxhwele. Ukubukeka kwazo kuhlukaniswa nokugqama okunjengomqhele emibalabala emakhanda (lapho lezi zidalwa zathola igama elibonisiwe).
Kepha abadobi bezimpukane basebukhosini abakhombisi njalo ukuhlobisa okunjalo kwabanye, kepha kuphela ngesikhathi sokuqomisana nokukhwelana. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zifaka ama-subspecies amane.
I-Royal flycatcher
6. I-Blackbird flycatcher... Ungowesigaba sabamele ubuthi besizwe esinezimpaphe, futhi uyena kuphela, ohlukile futhi ongaphindeki ngohlobo lwaso. Iqiniso ukuthi uzondla ngezinambuzane ezinobuthi, ngakho isikhumba sakhe nezimpaphe zakhe kumanziswa ngokoqobo kuketshezi oluyenyanyekayo oluyingozi.
Kodwa impilo yenyoni phakathi izinhlobo zabadobi bezindiza kuya kokungajwayelekile, akulimazi, ngokumelene nobuthi unesifo sokuzivikela esingokwemvelo futhi esinamandla ngokungavamile. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ngale ndlela, lezi zidalwa zithola ukuvikelwa ezilwaneni eziyingozi. Izinyoni zinombala o-orenji omnyama ngombala futhi zihlala endaweni yaseNew Guinea emahlathini asendaweni.
I-Blackbird flycatcher
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Imvamisa, abadobi bezimpukane bangatholakala ezihlahleni zezihlahla, emahlathini amancane, bathanda nokugcwala amahlathi, bekhetha izindawo ezivulekile: ama-glades, ama-glades. Labo abafisa ukubabheka ehlathini banethuba lokubona isithombe esilandelayo.
Lezi zinyoni zitholakala egatsheni, zihlala endaweni emile, zibheke ngokuqapha kule ndawo: uma kukhona isinambuzane esizodlula. Ngasikhathi sinye, amaphiko abazingeli ayaqhaqhazela futhi ayaqhaqhazela, futhi nazo ngokwazo zikulungele ukundiza noma ngasiphi isikhathi, futhi lapho zibona inyamazane efanelekayo, zisuka ziyodlula inyamazane eziyifunayo emoyeni.
Usongo olukhulu kulezi zidalwa ezincane lumelwa yizilwane ezinkulu ezinamaphiko. Lezi zinyoni zivame ukuhlala eduze kwezakhiwo zokwenziwa kanye nokuhlala kwabantu.
Ngakho-ke, okuvame ukutholakala ezindaweni zensimu nasemahlathini amancane aseduze namasimu, kuyimpumelelo enkulu kubanikazi bezindawo ezisemagcekeni, kubhubhisa isibalo esikhulu samacimbi, izibungu nezinye izinambuzane ezincane, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhulisa amaphuphu.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Izinyoni ezinjalo azibizelwa ize ababambi bezindiza, ngoba ukudla kwabo okuyinhloko yizinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwezimpukane, lezi kungaba ojekamanzi, izimpukane kanye nabanye abamele lesi sizwe. Futhi abazideleli izicabucabu, amabhungane, njengoba sekushiwo, izibungu nezibungu, abazifunayo emaqabunga ezihlahla naphakathi kwamagatsha.
Kodwa-ke, imenyu yalezi zinyoni ihluka kakhulu futhi kuya ngomsebenzi wezinambuzane, isikhathi sosuku, isimo sezulu nezinye izinto. Umshini omangalisayo woqhwaku lwalezi zinyoni uzisiza ukuba zibambe isihlibhi esidliwayo, okuwukudla okuyinhloko kwalezi zinyoni, ezishanela ngokushesha, khona kanye endizeni.
Indlela yokuzingela, ezalwa ngama-birdies, ibaphoqa ukuthi bagcine ngamunye ngamunye. Vele, ngoba izihlobo odabeni lokusuthiswa, zinikezwe izimo ezichazwe ngaphambili, ziyizimbangi ezingangabazeki futhi ziyisithiyo kuphela enqubweni yokuthola ukudla.
Zicashe emagatsheni ezihlahla, zibheke isinambuzane, zisibambe lapho zindiza futhi zisimunce, izinyoni ezinjalo zigijimela endaweni eyedlule lapho zifuna khona inyamazane entsha, zisalinde ngesineke ukubonakala kwesilwane.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokufaka isidleke simakwe ngokusalungiswa ukucula ababamba impukane abesilisa, abangagcini ngokuheha abesifazane ngezingoma ezinjalo, kepha futhi baqaphe ngomhawu indawo yabo. Futhi lokhu kuyisignali yokuqala isenzo sokuzala.
Ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezithile kuphela zabadobi bezindiza, bobabili abazali bahlanganyela ukuhlela isidleke kubamele lo mndeni wezinyoni. Ngokubambisana, ngababili bezinyoni bavame ukwenza imisebenzi yokondla inzalo, okungelula neze.
Isidleke sempukane empunga
Abadobi bezindiza kufanele bandizele phezulu kuze kufike ematholeni, ngokusho kokulinganisela okulondoloziwe kakhulu, kuze kube izikhathi ezingamakhulu amahlanu ngosuku, beletha ukudla ngomlomo ezinkukhwini. Lokhu kudla okunamandla kuhlala cishe amasonto amabili.
Futhi phakathi nalesi sikhathi, abashadikazi-abashayeli bezindiza banenzuzo enkulu, babhubhisa izinambuzane, isisindo esiphelele esingamakhilogremu ambalwa, futhi inani eliphelele lezilokazane lifinyelela esigidini nesigamu. Futhi lokhu ngokungangabazeki kungumnikelo omkhulu ekulondolozweni kwezimbali emhlabeni.
Ababambeli bezimpunga abampunga bakhetha ukwakha isidleke ehlathini. Baqala ukwakha indawo eyimfihlo yamachwane sekwephuze impela, maphakathi no-May. Futhi bakha indawo yokuhlala inzalo yesikhathi esizayo, besebenzisa utshani obomile, utshani nemicu yezitshalo.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukahlukene zalo mndeni, owesifazane kuphela obandakanyekayo kulezi zinkinga. Futhi njengombhede omncane esidlekeni, lezi zinyoni zingoboya nezimpaphe.
I-Clutch yalezi zinhlobonhlobo, njengomthetho, inamaqanda afinyelela kwayisithupha, anamachashazi, aluhlaza, kwenzeka ngoJuni. Izimpaphe zamantshontsho ezavela maduze emhlabeni zibonakala ngombala onsundu kakhulu kunowabantu abasesimweni sokukhula.
I-clutch ye-pestles ihlukile ngokubukeka, inamaqanda afinyelela kwayisikhombisa aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kepha isikhathi sokufukamela, sifana naleso sezihlobo ezishiwo ngenhla, cishe ngocezwana.
Amaqanda ama-flycatcher
Ekwakhiweni kwezidleke, abadobi bezimpukane abancane bathanda amahlathi amnyama aqukethe izihlahla ezinde. Bakhulisa amatshwele abo emahlathini aminyene ezihlahla zemisayipuresi, kwesinye isikhathi ezindaweni ezinama-spruce.
Izindawo zayo zokwakha izidleke zikhulu kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nezihlobo ezivela kwezinye izinhlobo, futhi zivame ukuhlala kumamitha angamakhulu amathathu. Amaqanda abe mhlophe ngamachashazi abomvu. Amachwane aqanduselwa ngemuva kwamasonto amabili efukamele ambozwe ngompunga.
Njengoba seziqinisiwe, amawundlu ahlala isikhathi esithile eduze kwesidleke sabazali, kepha kungekudala, lapho esekhulile, alwela impilo yokuzimela, ehlala ezihlahleni eziminyene. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngasekupheleni kwehlobo.
Abadobi bezindiza basePharadesi bafuna ukufihla isidleke sabo, esakhiwe ngamaqabunga, izindwani zotshani namahlumela, esihlokweni esinyene sezihlahla zehlathi. Ngaphansi kokuhlala kwamachwane esikhathi esizayo, i-moss ihlala igcwele. I-clutch yabo imumethe amaqanda angafika amahlanu.
Amachwane wempukane ampunga
Isikhathi sokuphila sezinyoni sincike ohlotsheni lomthungathi. Imvamisa ibalwa isikhathi esiyiminyaka emihlanu. Endle, egcwele izingozi, le nkathi ivame ukuncishiswa futhi ayikho ngaphezu kwezingane ezintathu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zisengozini.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-paradise flycatcher. Ukubuyisa inani lama-birdies amahle, kwenziwa izinyathelo ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ezihlose ukugcina indawo yemvelo lapho kuhlala khona izinyoni ezinjalo. Kulokhu, kutshalwa umlotha, i-alder, imephu ne-oki.
