Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ama-grouse ezinkuni ahlangana e-Izmailovsky Park yaseMoscow. Lokhu kungubufakazi bokusabalala kwalezi zinhlobo phambilini.
Ekhulwini lama-21 izinkuni grouse efakwe ohlwini eRed Book of Russia. Ukuze ubone abamele abakhulu bezinkukhu, amaMuscovites aphoqeleka ukuthi ahambe okungenani amakhilomitha ayi-100 ukusuka enhlokodolobha.
Incazelo kanye nezici ze-grouse yezinkuni
Incazelo yenkuni grouse kuyahlukahluka kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Lezi zokugcina zinemibala. Izimpaphe zihlanganisa amathoni abomvu ansundu. Amamaki acishe abe mhlophe. Esiswini, ama-streaks akha njengemivimbo. Okungenani kubonakala kunjalo lapho ubheka i-grouse yowesifazane kusuka kude.
Abesifazane bezinhlobo bancipha ama-2-3 kunabesilisa. Okwakamuva:
- Bazuza u-6 kg. Lona umlando phakathi kwezinyoni zasehlathini zaseRussia.
- Zinomsila oyindilinga oqondiswe phezulu.
- Isigejane sezimpaphe esifana nentshebe sigqokwa entanyeni.
- Zihlukaniswa ngamashiya abomvu. Lezi empeleni yizindawo ezingenalutho zesikhumba ngaphezu kwamehlo enyoni.
- Zihlukaniswa izimpaphe ezimnyama. Inemibala emnyama, empunga, nsundu, nesimaragidu. Kunamabala ambalwa amhlophe. Ngokuvamile, capercaillie esithombeni ibukeka ihlaba umxhwele, inhle.
Abesifazane be-Grouse bangabameleli abaphakathi bomndeni wama-pheasant. Abesifazane banokuzwa okuhle. Abesilisa ngezikhathi ezithile, ikakhulukazi, ngesikhathi samanje. Kukhona isibambo sesikhumba endlebeni yangaphakathi yenyoni.
Kugcwele imikhumbi. Lapho i-grouse yezinkuni ihlabelela, igazi liyashesha. Isikhumba sesikhumba sigcwala phezu kwendlebe njenge-swab yekotini. Ngakho-ke, i-grouse yezinkuni yaqanjwa kanjalo.
Inyoni engezwa okwesikhashana iyisilwane esilula. Kuze kube loluhlobo lufakwa eRed Book, abazingeli basebenzise lokhu.
Izinhlobo ze-Wood grouse
Ngezikhathi zeSoviet, izinhlobo ezi-12 ze-grouse yezinkuni zazihlukaniswa. Ngemuva kwalokho, izinyoni zahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezi-2 kuphela. Owokuqala yi-grouse ejwayelekile yezinkuni. Uqhwaku lwawo luxhunyiwe. Enye inyoni ingumnikazi werekhodi ophethe isisindo. Isisindo se-Wood grouse ifinyelela kuma-6.5 kilograms. Izinhlobo zihlukaniswe ama-subtypes ama-3:
1. Amabhande amnyama. Kusuka egameni kuyacaca ukuthi isisu senyoni simnyama. Abantu abanjalo bake bahlala e-Izmailovsky Park yenhlokodolobha. I-grouse yokhuni olunamabhande amnyama ibizwa nangokuthi iWestern Europe. Ngaphandle Kwama-Urals
2. Amabhinca amhlophe izinkuni grouse. Inyoni izinze eUral naseWestern Siberia. Izimpaphe hhayi kuphela isisu esimhlophe, kodwa futhi nezinhlangothi, umngcele womsila, kanye nesisekelo samaphiko. Kukhona iphethini lemabula ezimpapheni zomsila ze-grouse yezinkuni. Lona ngumbala wesilisa. Abesifazane bama-subspecies bahlukaniswa ngokubomvu endaweni esifubeni
3. I-taiga emnyama izinkuni grouse. Inyoni yehlathi uhlala emaphethelweni asenyakatho eRussia. Izimpaphe ezimnyama ze-capercaillie zakha insimbi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umbala omhlophe ulinganiselwe kuma-blotches amancane ezinhlangothini, izimpiko nomsila wezimpaphe.
Uhlobo lwesibili lwe-grouse yezinkuni lubonwa njengetshe. Ayinawo ama-subtypes. Inyoni yaseMpumalanga, ihlala kusuka eBaikal kuya eSakhalin. Izinyoni lapha zincane kunezivamile, zinesisindo esingama-4 kilograms. Lesi isisindo sabesilisa. Isisindo esiphezulu sezinsikazi zezinhlobo zingama-2.2 kilogram.
I-capercaillie yamatshe inentambo eqondile, kunokuxhunywa, nomsila omude ukudlula owe-capercaillie ojwayelekile. Abesifazane bezinhlobo babomvu ngokuphuzi ngemichilo emnyama.
Indlela yokuphila yezinyoni
Isisindo esiqinile sale nyoni senza ukubaleka kwayo kube nzima. Ngakho-ke impendulo yombuzo, i-capercaillie inyoni efudukayo noma cha... Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi izinyoni zizulazula emabangeni amafushane, zifuna ukudla.
Ama-grouse ezinkuni akhetha ukukhuphuka emhlabathini hhayi emoyeni, kepha ezihlahleni. Izinyoni zidla lapho. UCapercaillie ngezikhathi ezithile wehlela phansi emini, futhi efuna ukudla.
Ehlobo, izihlahla zezinyoni nazo zingumbhede. Ebusika, izinyoni zihlala ubusuku bonke zihlaselwe yiqhwa. Izinyoni zindiza ziye kuwo noma ziwe emagatsheni.
Ebusika, i-grouse yokhuni iyakwazi ukusebenzisa iqhwa njengendawo yokukhosela eqhweni
Ukulala emithonjeni yeqhwa kuyingozi. Ukuncibilika okufushane kungalandelwa yiqhwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, iqhwa liyanamathelana bese liba yiqhwa. Isiphephelo esinjalo sifana ne-crypt. Izinyoni azikwazi ukuphuma ngokufa.
Ukucabangela izingozi zasebusika ezihambisana nesimo sezulu esibandayo, ukungatholakali kahle kokudla, izinguquko ku-landscape, ama-grouse ezinkuni ahlala emakhazeni emihlambini. Izinyoni ziyasekelana, ziholele, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, indlu ejwayelekile.
Enye yezinkulumo zenhlalo yama-grouse ezinkuni yisimo sabo sengqondo ekufeni kwezihlobo. Izinyoni azihlali esihlahleni okufele kuso omunye umuntu. Iziqu zithathwa njengezabelwe ama-grouse athile ezinkuni.
I-grouse yowesifazane yincane kakhulu kuneduna futhi inezimpaphe ezihlukile.
Ukufa akusona isithiyo emalungelweni empahla. Ososayensi abakayitholi incazelo enengqondo yaleli qiniso.
Umsindo weCapercaillie kungezwakala entwasahlobo kuphela. Abesilisa bayacula. Isikhathi esisele bathule. Abesifazane, noma kunjalo, "bavala imilomo yabo ivaliwe" unyaka wonke.
Ukucula kwe-wood grouse kuhlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu:
- ukuchofoza kabili ngezikhawu ezincane phakathi kwabo
- okuqinile kokuchofoza i-trill
- ukugedla amazinyo, okubizwa nangokuthi ukujika noma ukusula
Isikhathi esiphelele sezingxenye ezintathu zengoma ye-capercaillie cishe siyimizuzwana eyi-10. Abangu-4 babo zokugcina izinyoni.
Lalela i-wood grouse yamanje
Njengoba kunikezwe izici zokuziphatha kweqhawe le-athikili, kufanele futhi aqumbe. Lapho indiza, inyoni ishaya amaphiko ayo kaningi kunokuphefumula. Esinye isilwane besizominyelwa wukushoda komoya-mpilo. Kodwa i-grouse yezinkuni igcinwa uhlelo olunamandla lokuphefumula. Amaphaphu eza nezikhwama zomoya ezi-5.
Indawo yokuhlala yaseCapercaillie
Ngoba i- capercaillie inyoni enkulu, obonakalayo, uncamela ukucasha ezihlahleni eziminyene zehlathi. Ezindaweni ezivulekile, inyoni ibamba iso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-grouse yezinkuni iyesabeka futhi inembile.
Lesi ngesinye isizathu sokukhetha izindawo ezifihliwe. Ukubhujiswa kwazo okuhambisana nokugawulwa kwezihlahla kungenye yezizathu zokwehla kwesibalo sezinhlobo.
Kusukela emahlathini, ama-grouse ezinkuni akhetha okuxubile. Kuzo, izinyoni zithola amasayithi:
- Ngesitendi esidala.
- Ukukhula okuncane kweConiferous.
- Amahlathi aminyene otshani obude.
- "Izitshalo" zamajikijolo.
- Indawo encane yesihlabathi esidaluliwe.
Izinkuni zokubhukuda zibhukuda esihlabathini, zihluba izimpaphe. Amajikijolo afakiwe ekudleni kwezilwane. Izinyoni ziphinde zikhethe izindawo lapho kunezihlahla zama-fir kanye nezintuthwane ezindala endaweni.
Ukudla kwezinyoni
Ukudla kwesilwane kuya ngesizini. Ebusika, i-capercaillie yenza ngezinaliti. Ngemuva kwakhe, le nyoni ishiya indawo yokuhlala izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngosuku. Izinaliti ezikhethiwe zomsedari, uphayini.
Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwayo, ama-grouse ezinkuni anelisekile ngezinaliti ze-juniper, i-fir, i-spruce, i-larch. Indoda idinga iphawundi lokudla ngosuku, kanti eyesifazane idinga cishe amagremu angama-230.
Ehlobo, ukudla kwezinyoni kuyacebiswa:
- amahlumela kanye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka
- amajikijolo, amajikijolo, ama-lingonberries namanye amajikijolo asendle
- imbewu
- izimbali, amakhambi namaqabunga
- amahlumela kanye namahlumela amancane ezihlahla
Izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla nezinambuzane zengezwa ekudleni kwemifino. Yingakho ama-grouse ezinkuni ehlala eduze kweziduli ezindala.
Ebusika, le nyoni ingadla izinaliti.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ngisebenzisa ama-grouse ezinkuni kusukela ngoMashi kuya ku-Ephreli kusihlwa. Abesilisa bashaya amaphiko abo ngamabomu. Umsindo wabo uheha abesifazane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa bacula kanye kanye.
Njengezihlahla, ama-grouse ezinkuni nawo ahlukanisa insimu yamanje. Izinyoni zisondelana kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-100. Imvamisa ibanga eliphakathi kwabesilisa bamanje cishe liyingxenye yekhilomitha.
Uma abesilisa bephula imingcele yezigaba zamanje, bayalwa. Izinyoni ziyahlangana ngemilomo nangamaphiko. Uma amandla egeleza ngokujwayelekile, abesilisa bavame ukuma ngezikhathi ezithile, baphazamise ukucula. Ama-grouse ezinkuni nawo ashaya amaphiko awo. Konke lokhu kudonsela abesifazane.
UCapercaillie uthanda amahlathi kaphayini ukuze akhe izidleke
Abesifazane bafika njengamanje emasontweni ambalwa ngemuva kokuthi iqale. Abesifazane baqala ukuhlomisa isidleke. Izinkuni grouse abesifazane bakhangwa wukuhlala ezimpahleni. Owesilisa uvame ukudlula kokukhethiwe aye kokukhethiwe.
Ama-capercaillies anesithembu. Ekuseni, izinyoni zikhwelana nezinsikazi ezi-2-3. Njengoba bebecule ubusuku bonke, abesilisa bakubheka njengomvuzo ohambelana nemizamo yabo.
Okwamanje kuphela ngokuvela kwamahlamvu okuqala. Isidleke sikaCapercaillie sakhiwe ngotshani. Yingakho izinyoni zihlala lapho kunezihlahlana khona.
Abesifazane babeka amaqanda ayi-4-14. Achanyuselwa cishe inyanga.
Okuvelayo izinkuni grouse amaphuphu:
- Zizimele kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala, zona ngokwazo zondla izinambuzane. Ukudla kwamaphrotheni kunikeza ukukhula kwamachwane ngokushesha.
- Lapho zinezinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili ubudala, ziqala ukundizela phezulu ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni eziphansi. Ukuphakama kokuqala kokususa kuyimitha eli-1.
- Bazi kahle ngokuphelele ubuciko bokundiza futhi bashintshele ekudleni kokudla benenyanga eyodwa.
I-grouse esencane yezinsikazi iyinsakavukela. Uma abesifazane bekhulelwa bengakabi neminyaka emithathu ubudala, bavame ukulahlekelwa noma balahle imikhuhlane yabo.
Lapho enamasonto amabili ubudala, amaphuphu angandiza amabanga amafushane
Abesilisa baqala ukuzala beneminyaka emibili. Ukuhlangana kwe-Interspecific ne-grouse emnyama kungenzeka. Lezi zokugcina zivame ukujoyina ukugaya ama-grouse ezinkuni. Izinyoni zezinhlobo ziphila cishe iminyaka eyi-12.
