Ingulube yasendle Isilwane esinamandla futhi esikhulu ngokwanele aziwa cishe wonke umuntu. Izilwane ezincelisayo zavela emhlabeni wethu kudala futhi zingokhokho bengulube yesimanje yasekhaya.
Izingulube zasendle zinesisindo esikhulu somzimba futhi zithathwa njengeziyingozi kubantu. Kulesi sihloko sizobheka lezi zilwane ezijabulisayo futhi sikhulume ngezici zendlela yazo yokuphila.
Incazelo nezici
Incazelo yengulube yasendle kufanelekile ukuqala ngokwethulwa kwemiqulu yayo emikhulu. Ubude bomzimba wezilwane buhluka ukusuka kumitha elilodwa nohhafu kuya ku-175 cm.Isisindo sesilwane esijwayelekile cishe singama-100 kg, yize ama-150 ngisho nama-200 kilograms angavamile phakathi kwezingulube zasendle.
Ngakho-ke, ubukhulu besilwane esincelisayo esinjalo bukhulu kakhulu ngempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane zingakhula zifike kumitha eli-1, okuvame ukuba ngaphezu kwengxenye yokuphakama komuntu.
Ukuvela kwalezi zilwane zasendle akuyona into ekhethekile. Umzimba wabo umbozwe yizinwele ezilukhuni futhi ezinzima zombala omnyama: mpunga, nsundu noma mnyama. Ijazi lokhokho bezingulube alithandeki lapho lithinta futhi likhumbuza amabhulashi asekhaya anzima.
Uma uqhathanisa ingulube yasendle nengulube yasekhaya, kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi ezimbili. Izingulube zichitha impilo yazo yonke ehlathini, ngakho-ke zijwayela indawo enjalo.
Uboya babo bubavikela ngokuthembekile emakhazeni, emilenzeni eqinile futhi emide ibavumela ukuba bahambe ngokushesha, benze ukuhamba okude, izindlebe zabo zinkulu futhi ziqondiswe phezulu ukuze isilwane sihlale sinuka ingozi.
Ipeni le-boar alizweli kakhulu, okuvumela isilwane ukuthi sixegise umhlabathi futhi sihambe ngaphandle kokulimala
Impumu esempumulweni ayizweli kakhulu, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuyilimaza ngenkathi ifuna ukudla ehlathini. Yiziphi izinhlobo Ingulube yasendle?
Izinhlobo zezingulube zasendle
Uhlobo lwezingulube zasendle aluhlanganisi inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinhlobo. Kuze kube manje, zingu-20 kuphela izinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo esezifuyiwe. Zonke lezi zinhlobo zihlukaniswe ngokujwayelekile ziye eNtshonalanga, eMpumalanga, eNdiya nase-Indonesia. Ake sixoxe ngezinye zazo ngokuningiliziwe.
I-Central Europe
Abamele lolu hlobo basakazeke emazweni ahlukahlukene aseYurophu, nasezingxenyeni zaseYurophu zaseRussia. Izingulube zasendle ezinjalo zivame ukubonakala ema-zoo naseziqiwini.
Izinhlobo ze-Central Europe azihlukile kumanani amakhulu. Lezi zilwane zibonakala ngobude bomzimba omncane - cishe u-130-140 cm.Isisindo sazo sifinyelela kumanani aphakathi nendawo - cishe i-100 kg.
Lezi zingulube azithathwa njengeziyingozi ikakhulukazi kubantu. Ngokuphathelene nalabo ababanakekelayo, baziphatha ngokuzola nangenhlonipho, behlukile ekuziphatheni okuthobekile. Kodwa-ke, izilwane ezinjalo ezincelisayo kusamele zihlukaniswe nomphakathi, ngoba ulaka lwazo lwemvelo lungavela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
E-Asia Ephakathi
Izinhlobo eziningi izingulube ezinkulu zasendle bathole igama labo ngqo ngenxa yendawo yokwabiwa kwezilwane. Ngakho-ke, abamele ama-subspecies ase-Central Asia bahlala e-Asia Ephakathi, e-Afghanistan, eKazakhstan naseMongolia.
Izilwane zase-Asia Ephakathi zinkulu kunezase-Central Europe. Ukuphakama kwabo okujwayelekile kungu-150-160 cm, futhi isisindo sabo somzimba singafinyelela ku-120-130 kg.
Uboya bezingulube zaseCentral Asia bungaba nemibala ekhanyayo nemnyama. Okuvame kakhulu izinwele ezimpunga nsundu. Uboya balezi zilwane abuminyene kakhulu, okuchazwa ngokuhlala kwazo unomphela ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo impela. Izilwane zikwazile ukujwayela indawo enjalo, futhi zizizwa zikhululekile kuyo.
Indiya
Abamele lolu hlobo bafakiwe eqenjini elingelikhulu kakhulu lezinhlobo zamaNdiya. Izilwane zivamile eNdiya, eNepal, eSri Lanka nasezifundeni ezingomakhelwane.
Okucacile ngezingulube zaseNdiya ukuthi azesabi abantu. Ngokuthula, ngaphandle kokwesaba, baphuma baye ezifundeni ze-steppe baqoqe izibiliboco abazithandayo. Abantu bendawo nabo abazesabi lezi zilwane futhi abakaze baziphathe kabi.
Ijazi lezinhlobo zamaNdiya linombala okhanyayo. Lokhu kungenxa yesimo sezulu esifudumele kakhulu nezici zemvelo zendawo.
Ngaphandle kokuthamba kwalezi zingulube zasendle, akufanele uzisongele noma amawundlu azo. Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo, zinakekela inzalo yazo, zihlala zigcina imvelo yazo futhi zingadala umonakalo omkhulu kumuntu onecala.
Ussuriysk
Ububanzi balezi zinhlobo buyindawo enkulu kakhulu. Izingulube zasendle zase-Ussuri zihlala eChina, kanye nasendaweni eseMpumalanga Ekude eRussia, eduze nemifula i-Amur ne-Ussuri. Kwesinye isikhathi lolu hlobo lubizwa nangokuthi yiMpumalanga Ekude.
Abamele lolu hlobo yibo abakhulu kunabo bonke. Ngokuphakama okujwayelekile kuka-170-18 cm, isisindo sabo sifinyelela kuma-250-350 kg. Amanani amnandi kangaka enza lesi silwane sasendle sibe yingozi kunoma ngubani ohlangana naso.
Izinwele zimnyama ngombala, kusuka kokumpunga ngokunsundu nokumnyama. Ngenxa yobukhulu bazo, lezi zilwane zinamandla amakhulu futhi ziqinile. Bayakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade futhi balandele umuntu ongasongela umhlambi wabo noma umndeni wabo.
Inyama yengulube yasendle Lezi zinhlobo zithandwa kakhulu ngabahlali bendawo, ngakho-ke cishe ingxenye yesine yenani labamele baqothulwa minyaka yonke ngabazingeli nabazingeli abangekho emthethweni.
Abamele abakhulu kakhulu balezi zinhlobo batholakala ngqo endaweni yaseRussia, ePrimorsky Territory.
IsiJapane
Izingulube zaseJapan zihlala eJapan, ngaphandle kweziqhingi ezithile. Abamele izinhlobo zinosayizi omkhulu womzimba nezinwele ezimnyama ezinsundu.
Kusuka ngaphandle, lezi zilwane zibukeka zikhulu kakhulu, futhi zinkulu kakhulu. Lo mbono ubangelwa inani elikhulu lamafutha "abawadlayo" ngenhloso. Isikhukhula sabo, kepha, ngasikhathi sinye, isichibi esizwelayo empumulweni ende, siyabavumela ukuthi bathole konke ukudla okudingekayo.
Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zizolile futhi zinokuthula, ngakho-ke zivame ukugcinwa ema-zoo naseziqiwini ezahlukahlukene.
Indawo yokuhlala
Izilwane ezincelisayo esizicabangayo, ikakhulukazi, azikho emaphethelweni okuqothulwa. Izinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihlupheka ezandleni zabazingeli bendawo, ezithathwa njengezingajwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, lonke uhlobo lwezingulube zasendle, njengoba kwaziwa namuhla, alusongelwa ngokuqothulwa.
Ngalesi sizathu, izingulube zasendle cishe zikhona yonke indawo. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, bahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amane amakhulu ngokuya ngendawo abahlala kuyo. Amaningi kakhulu amaqembu aseNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga.
Abamele lezi zinhlobo bavame endaweni yezifunda eziningi zaseYurophu nase-Asia. Bazivumelanisa kalula nemvelo yabo futhi bafunde ukuthola ukudla nendawo ephephile yokuhlala.
INyakatho neNingizimu Melika, kanye nase-Antarctica, kuthathwa njengezindawo "ezimpofu kakhulu" ngokwezingulube zasendle. Enhlabathini yaseMelika, kunezinhlobo ezikhethekile zomdabu, kepha izazi zebhayoloji azizibeki phakathi kokuhlukaniswa okuyinhloko kohlobo.
Indlela Yokuphila
Izingulube zithathwa njengezilwane ezonga kakhulu nezinokuqonda ezizinakekela zona kanye nenzalo yazo ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Izilwane ezincelisayo zihlala, ngamaqembu amancane, noma imihlambi, zihlanganisa abantu abayishumi kuya kwabangu-40. Ekhanda lomhlambi kunensikazi, futhi kungenzeka kube nabesilisa abangaphansi izikhathi eziningana eqenjini.
Umsebenzi omkhulu wezilwane wenzeka ngqo entwasahlobo-ehlobo. Ebusika, zihamba kancane, zizama ukufudumala namandla.
Izingulube zasendle zinamehlo amahle kakhulu nomuzwa wokuhogela. Ngenxa yezindlebe zabo ezinkulu "eziqondile", bezwa kahle. Bangahamba buthule ehlathini, benganakwa yizilwane ezidlayo nabantu. Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo, yize zinesisindo somzimba, zibhukuda ngokugqamile futhi kalula zinqoba amabanga amade anzima.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Okhokho bezingulube zesimanje, njengezingulube uqobo, bahlukaniswa njengama-omnivores. Ungabona kaningi esithombeni sezingulube zasendleukumba isichibi emhlabathini. Umsebenzi onjalo empeleni uyindlela eyinhloko yokuthola ukudla kwezilwane.
Bazizwa "umhlaba" befuna ukudla, baqiniseke ukuthi ukufanele yini ukukudla, futhi ngemuva kwalokho bayakudla. Imvamisa lezi zilwane ezincelisayo ziqhathaniswa nabantu ngenxa yokufana kokudla kwazo nokwabantu.
Izingulube ikakhulukazi zidla ukudla kwezitshalo: imbewu nezithelo, izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo, amagxolo ezihlahla, amakhowe. Noma kunjalo, ukudla kwabo kufaka nezilwane ezincane. Lokhu kufaka izinambuzane, ama-arthropods, ama-amphibians, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo, ngisho nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo. Futhi, izingulube zasendle zivame ukondla izinsalela zezilwane ezifile.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi izingulube zasendle azikwesabi ukufakwa ushevu ngoshevu ovela kwizibankwa nezinyoka eziyingozi. Ukudla lezi zilwane, abanaki ubuthi. Ngempela, izinto ezingabulala ezinye izinto eziphilayo aziyona ingozi ezingulubeni zasendle.
Kubalulekile ukuthi lezi zilwane ezincelisayo ezisemhlabeni ziqiniseke ukuthi ngeke zilambe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Ngakho-ke, esimweni sezulu esifudumele, eVienna nasehlobo, ingulube yasendle «ukuhlaselwa " ukudla.
Ngalesi sikhathi sesikhathi, uyakwazi ukuzuza kufika ku-10 kg njalo ngenyanga. Kamuva, lapho kufika amakhaza, ungqimba lwamafutha olubalulekile ngeke luvumele isilwane ukuba siqandeke, futhi luzonikeza "nokuhlinzekwa" okudingekayo kwezakhamzimba.
Lawa ma-omnivores ngokwawo aba yizisulu zezinye izilwane ezincelisayo. Zivame ukuhlaselwa yizilwane ezidla ezinye, lapho kunzima ukuba izingulube zibaleke.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Njengomthetho, insikazi izala amawundlu amahlanu kuya kwayisikhombisa, awanakekela ngokucophelela. Ukukhulelwa akuhlali isikhathi eside - kungapheli izinyanga ezi-5. Isisindo somntwana osanda kuzalwa singu-1 kilogram kuphela. Amantshontsho azalwa maphakathi nentwasahlobo, enamehlo, enengubo enemigqa.
Ngosuku lweshumi lokuzalwa, amantshontsho ezingulube ayakwazi ukumboza amabanga amade, elandela abazali bawo. Baqala nokudla izimila futhi bafunde ukuthola ukudla okumnandi kakhulu futhi okumnandi kakhulu.
Sekunonyaka owodwa ubudala, izingulube ezincane zinesisindo esingaphezu kwama-50 kg. Ngakho-ke, ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, bathola ngaphezu kwama-20 kg ngesizini ngayinye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, balahlekelwa umbala wabo okhethekile, bathola ijazi elimnyama lezingulube ezindala.
Njengoba sezifinyelele eminyakeni yobudala yonyaka nesigamu, amantshontsho ashiya "ikhaya labazali" ayofuna ikhaya elisha. Bakha imihlambi emisha, bafunde ukuhlala ngokuzimela nokunakekelana.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Ngokwesilinganiso, izingulube zasendle zihlala endle iminyaka eyishumi kuya kwengu-15. Uma kucatshangelwa iqiniso lokuthi lapho eneminyaka engu-1 no-1 ubudala, amantshontsho aqala impilo ezimele, isikhathi sokuphila esinjalo siyabonakala.
Impilo yamalungu ngamanye ohlobo ingaphela ngisho nangaphambi kweminyaka eyi-10. Endaweni yazo yemvelo, izilwane zisongelwa izidalwa ezahlukahlukene, kanye nabantu abathanda ukuzingela.
Ngokwezifundo ezisanda kwenziwa, kunezilwane ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-40 ezibulewe abazingeli nabazingeli abazingeli ngokungemthetho kubantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-400. Ukuzingela lezi zilwane kufanele kuxoxwe ngakho ngokwehlukana.
Ukuzingela izingulube zasendle
Ukuzingela izingulube zasendle kubhekwa njengokuhlangenwe nakho okunenzuzo enkulu nokujabulisayo. Abantu abaningi babulala izilwane ngenxa yenyama yazo eyigugu futhi enomsoco, uboya obukhulu futhi obuhle, noma ngaphandle kwesizathu sokuthola indebe entsha yokuzingela. Kodwa-ke, lapho uzingela izilwane ezincelisayo, kufanele unake ama-nuances amaningi. Yiziphi izici zenjabulo enjalo engaphephile?
Okokuqala, kufanele kuthiwe ukuzingela izilwane ezinkulu kangaka kuyibhizinisi eliyingozi ngokweqile. Kuyingozi hhayi kuphela ezilwaneni, kodwa nakwabazingeli ngokwabo. Iqiniso ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukulimaza kakhulu izingulube zasendle.
Uma, ngokwesibonelo, ungena kungqimba olunamafutha esifundeni sesisu, ungadala ukulimala okuncane kuphela esilwaneni. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nomonakalo onjalo uzothukuthelisa kakhulu izingulube, futhi uzokwazi ukulimaza kakhulu umhlaseli.
Noma ingena kwezinye izitho zomzimba, kungenzeka ukuthi ungazithinti izitho ezibalulekile futhi "ukhiphe isilwane uqobo." Ngakho-ke, abazingeli abangenalwazi abanconywa ukuba bakhethe izingulube zasendle njengezisulu zabo.
Futhi, lezi zilwane zingahlasela abazingeli hhayi zodwa. Amalungu omhlambi wawo avame ukusiza amaqabane abo, aze anikele nangokwabo impilo.
Akuvamile ukuthi abantu bahambe bayozingela nezinja zabo. Kodwa-ke, ngale ndlela bafaka kuphela abasizi babo engozini. Izinja ezingaphansi kwezingulube ngosayizi womzimba nesisindo kwesinye isikhathi zisengozini kakhulu kunomuntu uqobo.
Okuqukethwe kwasekhaya
Kunabantu abaningi futhi abayimilutha ukuzalela izingulube zasendle... Izilwane ezinjalo azikwazi ukugcinwa ezindlini, kepha kulabo abahlala ezindlini zasemaphandleni, amakamelo akhethekile angahlelelwa bona, njengezinkalankala.
Amakamelo anjalo kufanele agcwaliswe ngotshani obomile ukuhlala kahle kwezilwane ubusuku bonke, futhi njalo engeza ukudla okumnandi nokunempilo ezingulubeni zasendle.
Indawo yokugwedla kumele ivalwe, ngoba izingulube zasendle azisetshenziselwa umthelela oqondile wezimo zezulu kuzo. Endaweni yabo yemvelo, bayazivikela elangeni, emvuleni naseqhweni otshanini noma ngaphansi komqhele wezihlahla.
Lapho okuqukethwe izingulube zasendle ekhaya kubalulekile ukuqeda noma iyiphi ingozi esilwaneni futhi simnikeze izimo zokuphila ezintofontofo.
Njengomthetho, abantu abagcina izingulube zasendle babondla ngo-5 kuya ku-7 kg wokudla nsuku zonke. Izilwane ezincelisayo zasekhaya zidla okusanhlamvu nemifino ehlukahlukene. Kwesinye isikhathi abanikazi baze balungiselele okusanhlamvu okukhethekile kanye nezitshulu zokusanhlamvu zezilwane.
Ezilwaneni ezinjalo, ngeke kube ngaphezu kokudla ukwengeza inani elithile lenyama noma inhlanzi ephekiwe, kanye nokhilimu omuncu wasendaweni kanye noshizi wekotishi ekudleni.
Okhokho bezingulube, yize bebhekwa njengezilwane zasendle, babaphatha kahle abanikazi bazo. Bayabathanda futhi bayabahlonipha abantu ababanakekelayo, futhi bayakwazi ukubavikela uma kunengozi, njengoba nasendle bebezovikela umndeni wabo kanye nenzalo yabo.
Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko, sihlolisise uhlobo olungajwayelekile futhi oluthakazelisa kakhulu lwezilwane ezincelisayo - izingulube zasendle. Impela wonke umuntu uke wabona izilwane ezinjalo ema-zoo, futhi unombono wendlela yokuphila yezizukulwane zabo eziqondile - izingulube ezifuywayo.
Kwesinye isikhathi asikaze sicabange nokuthi zingaki izilwane ezifa minyaka yonke, hhayi nje ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zemvelo zesintu, kodwa futhi nasesandleni sabazingeli abanonya nabazingeli abazingeli. Ngempela, izibalo zokubulawa kwabantu ezingenakubalwa ziyadumaza. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikelwa kwezilwane zasendle kungenye yemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu kithi sonke.
