Amapharamitha wamanzi ku-aquarium adlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Njengoba ungaqagela, wonke umnikazi we-aquarium kufanele azame ukudala izimo zokuphila ezinethezekile nezijabulisayo zezinhlanzi zabo. Lokhu kwenzeka kuphela uma i-pH yamanzi ihambelana nezidingo zangempela zabahlali bomzimba wamanzi.
Yini i-pH?
Ngaphambi kokudala izimo ezikahle zezinhlanzi, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi yini i-ph. Le yunithi ikuvumela ukuthi ulinganise ukusebenza kwe-hydrogen ions kunoma iyiphi into, futhi i-asidi iboniswa ngobuningi.
Leli gama lavela eYurophu, eDenmark, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Umqondo waqala ukusabalala ngokubonga kusokhemisi waseDenmark uSoren Peter Lauritz Sorensen, yize ababengaphambi kwakhe bezama ukubuka le nkinga ekhona ngombono ofanele. Isibonisi se-pH sisetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ukuze kube lula futhi kube lula, ngoba isilinganiso sobuningi bezinhlobo ezimbili zama-ion: H + - OH-. Izilinganiso zihlala zenziwa esikalini samaphoyinti ayi-14.
Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi amanzi azoba ne-alkaline reaction uma inkomba ingaphezu kuka-7. Kulokhu, ukusabela kwe-acid kunikezela ngesikhombi esingaphansi kuka-7.Kwenzeka lokho, ipharamitha lamanzi elingathathi hlangothi ku-aquarium livunyelwe ngesilinganiso esilinganayo se-H + ne-OH-. Uma kumakwe njengokungathathi hlangothi, isibalo sizoba ngu-7.
Noma yimaphi amakhemikhali angancibilika emanzini ashintsha ibhalansi phakathi kwe-H + ne-OH- ions. I-asidi ingashintsha iye phezulu noma phansi:
- i-asidi iholela ekwandeni kwama-hydrogen ions;
- i-alikhali iholela ekwehleni kokuhlushwa kwe-hydroxide ion.
Ngenxa yalokho, i-pH ikuvumela ukuthi unqume ukuthi lingakanani izinga le-asidi yamanzi. Kusukela ekuqaleni, lesi sici siye sabonwa njengesinye sezibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba sinquma ukuba khona noma ukungabi khona kwe-acid-base equilibrium kanye nezinto ezihlukile zenkambo yezinqubo zamakhemikhali neziphilayo. Esimweni ngasinye, i-pH inquma impilo yabantu, ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi izinhlanzi, izakhamuzi zasemanzini, nazo zincike kule parameter.
Amanzi athambile futhi alukhuni
Ososayensi bayaqaphela ukuthi amanzi angathamba noma aqinile. Uyini umehluko?
Amanzi athambile
I-pH ephansi ingaphansi kweziyisithupha nohhafu. Kulokhu, amanzi angathamba, kepha kuvela ukuthi abe yingozi.
Ezimweni eziningi, ion yezinsimbi ezilandelayo zingena ekubunjweni kwayo:
- i-manganese;
- ukuhola;
- ithusi;
- zinc.
Lezi ion zivamise ukungena emapayipini asezingeni eliphansi, okukhombisa ubungozi bazo.
Amanzi we-pH aphansi ayingozi ngokwemvelo. Ukuboniswa okulandelayo kokuqanjwa kwayo okungathandeki kucatshangwa:
- ukuba khona kwezinsimbi ezahlukahlukene ezinobuthi;
- ukulimala ngaphambi kwesikhathi ezakhiweni zensimbi;
- ukutholakala kokuthambekela okungathandeki, okukuvumela ukuba uqagele ngomthunzi we-asidi;
- ukudaya ilineni;
- ukubonakala kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusinki nakumadreyini.
Akumangalisi ukuthi amanzi athambile aphenduka abe yingozi kubahlali banoma iyiphi i-aquarium. Ukukhulisa inkomba, kuvame ukusetshenziswa i-chemical soda ash, ngoba ikuvumela ukuthi wandise okuqukethwe kwe-sodium ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu.
Amanzi aqinile
Kulokhu, i-pH ingaphezulu kwesishiyagalombili nohhafu. Yize ingekho ingozi, kuvela izinkinga zobuhle. Zimayelana nani?
- ukuvela kwendle engathandeki ebusweni;
- isikali;
- ubunzima ekusebenzeni kwezinto zikagesi;
- i-alkaline, ukunambitheka okubabayo kwamanzi.
Njengoba ungaqagela, i-asidi yamanzi e-aquarium kufanele ibe ngaphansi kwamaphoyinti ayisishiyagalombili nohhafu. Inketho engcono kakhulu ukunciphisa uketshezi ngokulawulwa okuphoqelekile kwenkomba.
Ukunqunywa kwe-pH
Wonke umnikazi we-aquarium kufanele azi ukuthi angathola kanjani i-pH yangempela. Kulezi zinsuku, kuphakanyiswa izindlela ezahlukahlukene ezisebenzayo zalokhu, ngakho-ke umsebenzi usengaba khona ekusetshenzisweni kwawo.
Imichilo yokuhlola
Le micu yokuhlola izingcezu zephepha le-litmus eziphendula ngokushintsha umbala uye ekushintshashintsheni kwe-pH ehlukile. Imichilo ithengiswa ezitolo zezilwane, njengoba ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ama-aquariums. Kuze kube manje, sekufakazelwe ukuthi inkomba ye-asidi noma i-alkaline ingaholela ekufeni kwezinhlanzi eziningi. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukuxhumana namanzi kungaholela ekushintsheni kokusebenza kombala wemivimbo, futhi iphutha lizoba lincane. Ukuze uthole isibalo esiqondile, kufanele usebenzise imiyalo ekhethekile engeza ibhokisi lamaphepha.
URottinger
Enye indlela ethokozisayo yiphepha leRottinger litmus. Leli phepha le-litmus likhiqizwa yinkampani yaseJalimane, futhi ekuqaleni linikeza iphutha elincane. Iphakheji iqukethe inkomba ehlukaniswe ngemigqa eyi-14. Ibhokisi liqukethe imichilo engama-80 engasetshenziswa isikhathi eside. Imichilo yeRottinger ikuvumela ukuthi ulinganise ngempumelelo i-ph yamanzi. Izindleko zokukhiqiza azidluli ama-ruble angama-250 - 350.
Imitha ye-pH
I-asidi yetshezi ingalinganiswa ngemitha ye-pH. Kulokhu, amamililitha angama-20-30 wamanzi kufanele athathwe afakwe kuplastiki omncane noma enkomishini yeglasi, ngemuva kwalokho kufanele kuthathwe isilinganiso. Inzwa yokulawula kufanele ihlanzwe ngamanzi acolisisiwe bese icwiliswa kusixazululo osifunayo. Isikali sethuluzi sizonquma ngokushesha i-pH ketshezi. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olunembile nolulungile, kuyadingeka ukuthi ulinganise ithuluzi njalo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imitha ye-pH iyabiza, kepha ukusetshenziswa kwayo kukuvumela ukuthi usheshe futhi unqume kalula isici samanzi osifunayo.
Ngishintsha kanjani inkomba?
Ngakho-ke, wonke umnikazi wezinhlanzi kufanele azi ukuthi yehliswa noma inyuswe kanjani i-ph ku-aquarium. Eqinisweni, akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi oluphawuliwe.
Izimiso zokuncipha
Kulokhu, umsebenzi oyinhloko ukwandisa i-asidi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele usebenzise ama-acids:
- i-phosphoric;
- isibabule;
- usawoti.
Kulokhu, kufanele wenze ngokuqapha okukhulu, ngoba ushintsho olubukhali ku-pH lungaholela ekufeni kwezinhlanzi. Ngomphumela ophumelelayo, kufanele kusetshenziswe ama-acid kuphela.
Indlela ephephe kunazo zonke ukusebenzisa amakhambi emvelo:
- ukumnika noma ukumuncwa kwe-peat;
- infusions of alder Izigaxa.
Inketho elula ukusebenzisa i-pH- (minus) amalungiselelo.
Kunoma ikuphi, kuyadingeka ukwenza ngokucophelela okukhulu, ngoba impilo nempilo yenhlanzi incike kuyo.
Izimiso zokuphromotha
Ukwazi ukwehlisa i-ph yamanzi, udinga ukwazi ukuthi ungayinyusa kanjani i-pH. Kusetshenziswa ukusetshenziswa kosawoti abane-alkaline reaction.
Isibonelo, i-baking soda izosebenza. Ungangeza uhhafu wethisipuni ngasikhathi sinye kulitha ngalinye lamanzi angama-50. Uma lokhu kunganele, ungayiphinda inqubo ngehora.
Enye indlela ukusebenzisa ukulungiswa kwe-pH + (plus).
Ama-nuances abalulekile
Ukunquma i-asidi kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile. Noma kuthathwa izinyathelo zokushintsha inani le-pH, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokunakekela okukhulu. Kuzobe kuphephile ukushintsha ipharamitha kungabi ngaphezu kwamayunithi angu-0.2 kungakapheli ihora elilodwa.
Ngemuva kokuthi kufinyelelwe ipharamitha ephelele, ukugcinwa kwebhalansi yezinto eziphilayo kuyadingeka. Ngalesi sikhathi, asikho isidingo sokwehlisa noma ukwandisa inkomba. Uma kuphambuka okungafuneki kuphawulwa, kufanele kwenziwe isheke elikhethekile lepharamitha. Uma kungenzeka ukuthi uthole ukuthi inkomba isishintshile ngendlela engathandeki, kufanele ubeke amanzi esikhundleni se-30% yevolumu. Kulokhu, amanzi amasha ph azoshintsha kuphela uma kusetshenziswa amanzi ompompi, ahlaliswe izinsuku ezi-1 - 2.
Ukwazi ukuthi yini i-ph futhi uqonde ukuthi ungaba namuphi umphumela kubantu abahlala ezindaweni zasemanzini, kungcono ukukala inkomba njalo bese uyilungisa ngokushesha okukhulu. Inani le-ph elinconywayo lezinhlanzi e-aquarium cishe lingamaphuzu ayi-7, ahambelana nokuphendula okungathathi hlangothi.
