Izinkuni - inyoni encane, okuyinto ethokozisayo yokufunda. Indlela yakhe yokuphila kanye nezici zokubukeka kwakhe sekuyisikhathi eside zithatha izazi zomhlaba kanye nezazi zezinto eziphilayo. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo aluthakazelisi kuphela abantu besayensi, kodwa futhi nabathandi bokuzingela, abakholelwa ukuthi ukudubula i-woodcock kuyimpumelelo yangempela nesizathu sokuziqhenya. Yini ongayitshela ngale nyoni enegama elingavamile?
Incazelo kanye nezici zohlobo
Uhlobo izinyoni ze-woodcock emelwe inani elincane lezinto eziphilayo, okuzoxoxwa ngalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Zonke lezi zinhlobo, noma kunjalo, ziyefana futhi zinokufana okuningi. Ngakho-ke, ake siqale ngokuchaza lonke uhlobo lwezinyoni.
Inyoni yeWoodcock indiza
Izinyoni ezinjalo ziyizakhamizi ezinkulu ngokwanele zemvelo yazo. Bafinyelela kubude obungu-40 cm nesisindo somzimba esingu-400-500 amagremu. Zibonakala nangamaphiko amakhulu, akwazi ukufinyelela ku-50-60 cm ubude.
Umbala wezinyoni uhluke kancane kumbala wezimpaphe zamanye amalungu omndeni. Ngakho-ke, izingodo zezinkuni zikhumbuza kakhulu izihlobo zabo eziseduze - izifinyezo, ababingelelayo nabasiki besanti.
Izimpaphe zazo zivame ukuba nsundu ngokukhanyayo noma mpunga ngombala, kanti ngaphezulu zimbozwa ngamabala amaningi amnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umzimba ongezansi wezinyoni umbozwe ngemivimbo emnyama. Ngakho-ke, le nyoni ayibonakali kangako phakathi kwamahlamvu aminyene ezihlahla.
Isici esibaluleke kakhulu salolu hlobo wunkomo omude futhi omncane wezinyoni. Ubude bayo bungu-10 cm. Okokuqala, kusiza izinyoni ukuthola ukudla nokunakekela inzalo yazo.
Inkuni evamile
Ngokungeziwe ngoqhwaku lwawo oyingqayizivele, izingodo zezinkuni zinombono omuhle kakhulu: amehlo azo abekwe ezinhlangothini zekhanda elincane, okwandisa ukubuka kufinyelela cishe kuma-degree angama-360. Ngakho-ke, lapho zindiza futhi ziphumule, lezi zinyoni zinokuma okulinganayo esikhaleni njengezikhova, ezikwazi ukuhlola indawo ezikuyo ngosizo lwentamo eguquguqukayo.
Izinhlobo zezinkuni
Kuhlobo lwalezi zinyoni, kwesinye isikhathi olubizwa ngokuthi izinyoni zasebukhosini, kunezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili ezihlukile. Owokuqala futhi ovame kakhulu kubo yi-Common Woodcock, engafani "nabafowabo" bayo kunoma yini ekhethekile. Nguye oyisibonelo sakudala sohlobo lwayo futhi enobukhulu obuphakathi nezimpaphe "zakudala". Sizobheka ezinye izinhlobo ezaziwa ngokulinganayo - i-American, i-Amami ne-Oakland Woodcock.
Umbono waseMelika
Abamele lolu hlobo bathola leli gama ngenxa yendawo abahlala kuyo. Lezi zinyoni zisatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi eNyakatho Melika. Abantu balolu hlobo bahluka ngosayizi wabo omncane kunalokho bobunjwa bomzimba "obuzungeziwe". Ziphansi impela, ziyizikwele. Ngenxa yemilenze emifushane kakhulu nokuma komzimba okuyindilinga, kubukeka sengathi lezi zinyoni azihambi phansi nhlobo, kepha zimane ziyigingqe.
Inkuni yaseMelika
Ubude bomzimba wezinyoni ezinjalo zingama-25-32 cm kuphela, futhi isisindo somzimba asikho ngaphezu kwama-210 amagremu. Impaphe yale nyoni kanye "nokuqina kwayo" kuyisiza ukuba izifihle kalula futhi ingabonwa yizilwane ezidla ezinye. Emzimbeni wezinyoni zaseMelika, ungabona kuphela imivimbo engu-4-5 emnyama, ngoba mincane ngokwanele iphethini enezinhlangothi ezintathu.
Izimpaphe zabamele lolu hlobo cishe azifani nezinye izinyoni zohlobo lwe-woodcock. Inombala okhanyayo onsundu, ompunga noma wegolide ngezikhathi ezithile. Izinhlobo zaseMelika zingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuzingela phakathi kwezinye izingodo.
Amami
Ukubukeka kwe-Amami kuhluke kakhulu ekubukekeni kwaseMelika. Unomzimba omncane ozacile futhi onethoni onemilenze eqinile futhi ebonakala kahle. Okuphawuleka kakhulu yiminwe emide neqinisayo ye- "Amami", ebasiza ukuthi basuke futhi bahlale phansi.
I-Amami woodcock
"Ukukhula" kwezinyoni zalolu hlobo kuncane, yize kudlula inani lohlobo lwaseMelika - amasentimitha angama-34-37. Izinpaphe zezinyoni zithatha umbala omnqumo onsundu, kanti namaphethini abomvu amnyama ayatholakala emzimbeni ophezulu. Isici esivelele se- "Amami" "izindandatho" ezincane zesikhumba esiphinki esibomvana ngamehlo womabili. Kodwa-ke, lapho ubheka inyoni, kunzima kakhulu ukuyibona.
Izindawo zokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo zama-Amami zilinganiselwe. Izinyoni ezinjalo zihlala ezingxenyeni zase-Asia zeplanethi yethu, kuphela eziqhingini ezise-East China Sea. Ngalesi sizathu, lolu hlobo luvikelwe.
E-Auckland
Indawo yokusabalalisa yabamele lolu hlobo nayo ikhawulelwe ngokweqile. Bahlala kuphela kwezinye iziqhingi zaseNew Zealand (okokuqala, eziQhingini zase-Auckland), lapho bathola khona izici ezihlukile zezinkuni.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ososayensi abaningi abaziniki ngisho nokuthi lezi zinyoni zivela ohlakeni lwezingodo. Ngokuvamile, zibalwa phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinyoni ezifana kakhulu nezinkuni - kuhlobo lwe-snipe. Kodwa-ke, ukufana kwalezi zinyoni nabantu bomndeni wasebukhosini kutholakale kuphawuleka kakhulu, maqondana nokuqala kwabo ukukubeka phakathi kohlobo esilucubungulayo. Manje yikuphi lokhu kufana?
Inkuni yase-Oakland
Okokuqala, kufanele kuthiwe umbala wezimpaphe zenyoka yase-Auckland ufana ncamashi nalowo wezinyoni zasebukhosini. Unamaphiko ansundu alula anezindawo eziningi. Ubukhulu be- "Aucklands" buncane ngaphezudlwana kunobezinye izinhlobo. Isisindo sabo somzimba singamagremu ayi-100-120 kuphela, kanti amaphiko abo angeqi ku-10-11 cm.
Kodwa-ke, isici esibaluleke kunazo zonke se- "Aucklands" kuyindlela yabo yokuphila, ecishe ihlangane ngokuphelele nezinkonkoni. Zakha phansi, zithola ukudla ngosizo lwezinzwa emlomeni wazo futhi zihola imfihlo, impilo yasebusuku, okungajwayelekile kwabanye abamele uhlobo lohlobo lwazo. Ngakho-ke, ukunikezwa kwalezi zinyoni kuhlobo oluhlukile kufanelekile.
Umehluko kuphela endleleni yokuphila ukuthi uhlobo lwe-Auckland luzalela amaqanda ama-2 kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalanisa. Lokhu ngokwengxenye kungenxa yosayizi wabo omncane nenye indawo evulekile kakhulu abahlala kuyo.
Indlela yokuphila yezinyoni nendawo yokuhlala
Kukholakala ukuthi inyoni yasebukhosini inkuni ifana kakhulu ne-sandpiper evamile. Kwesinye isikhathi abamele lolu hlobo babizwa nangokuthi izingulube, noma i-sandpiper ebomvu. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani neziqeshana zesihlabathi, izingodo zikhula emahlathini. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, bafihla kalula umbala wabo wokuvikela ngasemuva kwamahlamvu, ngaleyo ndlela bazivikele kubazingeli nasezitheni zabo zemvelo.
Ihlala kuphi iqhugwane? Lezi zinyoni zisabalele hhayi ezweni lethu kuphela, kodwa naseChina, eMongolia, e-Ukraine, eFinland naseFrance. Zitholakala nasemahlathini aseNhlonhlweni YaseScandinavia.
Izikhukhukazi zihlala kaningi eduze kwamanzi
Indawo yabo yokuhlala eyihlathi elisehlathini futhi, ngokufanele, yizindawo zehlathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinyoni zikhetha ukuhlala emahlathini anezimila ezisezingeni eliphansi (izihlahla zama-raspberries, ama-blueberries, i-hazel nezinye izitshalo).
Njengabasiki besihlabathi, bavame ukuhlala eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi ezitholakala emahlathini. Emhlabathini ongagxilile, onqamula imizimba yamanzi ehlathi, kulula kakhulu ukuthi izinyoni zithole ukudla. Ngasikhathi sinye, kubalulekile ukuthi izingodo zezinkuni zibe nezindawo eziphephile lapho zingaphumula khona ngokuphepha.
Ngokuqondene nendlela yabo yokuphila, ibuye yehluke kwezinye izinyoni. Emini, bahola indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo, becashe ezihlahleni zamahlathi noma phakathi kwamagatsha ezihlahla ezindala. ngakho-ke ukhuni lwenkuni esithombeni ayitholakali ezindaweni ezivulekile.
Kufanele kushiwo ukuthi i-woodcock iyinyoni efudukayo evame ukuchitha isikhathi samakhaza enyakatho ye-Afrika. Sesishilo ukuthi izingungungulu zemithi zifana nezikhova ngokwazi kwazo ukubona. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akukhona ukuphela kokufana kwabo.
Izinyoni esizicubungulayo, njengezikhova, zihamba ebusuku, zesaba ukuhlaselwa emini ngabazingeli noma abazingeli emini. Kusebusuku lapho bephuma "bayozingela" futhi bathole ukudla okudingekayo. Kodwa-ke, zonke ezinye izinyoni ezisogwini lwamaxhaphozi zingumsebenzi wasemini kuphela, ezizibeka engozini kanye nasengozini yazo.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Uqhwaku olude noluzacile lunikeza izingongolo zezinkuni inzuzo ethile ekufuneni ukudla. Bafinyelela kalula izikelemu nezinambuzane ezifihliwe. Kodwa-ke, ukwehluka komlomo onjalo akugcini nje ngobude bawo. Ngasekupheleni kwayo, izinyoni ziqukethe izinzwa eziningi. Bavumela izingodo zezinkuni ukuba "zilalele" ukudlidliza kobuso bomhlaba futhi zikhiphe izisulu zabo emhlabathini.
Ukudla okuyinhloko okudliwa yizinkuni yizinambuzane nezibungu ezahlukahlukene. Izibungu zomhlaba ziyindlela ethandwa kakhulu yizinyoni zasebukhosini. Ziphinde zidle izibungu zezinambuzane futhi, okungenani kakhulu, imbewu nezinye izingxenye zezitshalo. Ngokushoda kokudla okuyisisekelo, izinyoni ziyakwazi ukuzingela ngisho nama-crustaceans amancane namaxoxo.
Bhangqa ukusesha
Lezi zinyoni zakha ngababili kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalanisa futhi azihlanganyeli ekukhuliseni ngokuhlanganyela inzalo. Inqubo yokuthola umlingani ithakazelisa kakhulu. Njengomthetho, entwasahlobo, abesilisa baqala ukuzifunela umlingani, bashicilela okhethekile umsindo we-woodcock.
"Izingoma" ezinjalo zivame cishe kubo bonke abazingeli abanolwazi. Indoda idlula phezu kwehlathi, ilinde umzuzu lapho insikazi izosabela khona ocingweni lwayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, izinyoni zakha umbhangqwana, ozohlala kuze kube sekupheleni kokukhwelana, okungukuthi, kuze kube yilapho owesifazane ekhulelwa. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho ungezwa okwangempela izwi le-woodcock... "Ekuphileni kwansuku zonke" akuvamile ukuthi bayisebenzise.
Lalela izwi le-woodcock:
Ukukhiqizwa kanye nezici zenzalo
Isidleke senyoni sibekwa phansi, senziwa ngotshani namagatsha omile. Njengomthetho, insikazi inamaqanda ayi-3-4, embozwe ngamabala akhethekile. Isikhathi esiphezulu sokuthi amaphuphu abe segobolondweni izinsuku ezingama-25.
Amaqanda e-Woodcock
Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, kuzalwa izinyoni ezincane ezinomugqa omile ngemuva. Le streak ihlukaniswa kuphela ngamachwane e-woodcock. Njengoba zikhula, kuzophenduka umbala wazo oyisici "onemishwe".
Amachwane azalwa enomlomo omkhulu ngokwanele usayizi wawo. Kodwa-ke, ubude bayo bungaphansi kancane kunobo bezinyoni ezindala - cishe amasentimitha ama-4-5. Insikazi iyinakekela kahle inzalo yayo.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi nguye kuphela onakekela amaphuphu amancane, kuyilapho ephoqeleka ukuba abatholele ukudla futhi abavikele ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Ngaphansi kwamachwane "amaphiko" ayo ngokushesha ngokwanele akwazi ukuzimela nokuzimela.
Kungakapheli amahora amathathu bevukile, sebekulungele ukulandela unina. Insikazi, njengomthetho, ivumela amaphuphu ukuthi ahambe ngokuzimela, kepha lapho kuvela ingozi, uthatha isimo ngaphansi kolawulo lwakhe. Uyakwazi ukuthwala inzalo ngokhiye noma ngisho "ukuthatha" amachwane ngezidladla zawo.
Izinkuni ezincane ziyakwazi ukuzifihla ngokuphelele lapho kuvela izilwane ezidla ezinye. Izilwane eziningi zasehlathini aziwaboni amachwane ngasemuva kwamaqabunga namagatsha awile. Kungakapheli amasonto amathathu, izinyoni ziya empilweni yokuzimela ngokuphelele.
I-Woodcock insikazi enezinkukhu
Zishiya isidleke sikamama bese ziqala ukufuna ikhaya lazo. Kusukela kulo mzuzu badlulela ebukhoneni obuzimele benyoni endala, futhi emva kwesikhashana bona ngokwabo bazokwazi ukuba nenzalo.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Ubuntwana bukaWoodcocks buthatha indawo engabalulekile ezimpilweni zabo. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukwakheka nokwakheka komuntu omdala kuthatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezimbili (kanye nesikhathi sombungu). Kodwa-ke, impilo yonke yenyoni iyisikhathi eside, ifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-10-11.
Kwezinkuni, izitha zemvelo, izilwane ezidla ezinye kanye nabazingeli, zibeka ingozi enkulu. Kulokhu, isikhathi sabo sokuphila sincishiswe kakhulu: kungenzeka bangafiki ngisho eminyakeni emihlanu.
Ukuzingela nokuqothula izingodo
Ukukhuluma nge ukuzingela ikhuni, kufanele kungashiwo nje kuphela ngokubulawa kwezinyoni zothando, kepha nangomzabalazo oqhubekayo walezi zinyoni nabahlaseli behlathi. Izitha zabo zemvelo zinamagundane amaningi ngisho nama-hedgehogs, aqeda, ikakhulukazi, angakachanyuselwa amaphuphu.
Insikazi egada amatshwele ayo nayo isengozini yezilwane ezizingelayo. Ngakho-ke, ama-badger ahlukahlukene, ama-martens, ama-sables, ama-ermine nezinye izilwane zihlasela lezi zinsikazi bese zibabulala kanye nenzalo yabo.
Kwesinye isikhathi izingongolo zezinkuni aziqothulwa ngisho nangabazingeli, kodwa izinja zazo ezizingelayo, ezihamba ehlathini zifuna inyamazane umnikazi ayidingayo. Izindiza eziya ezifundeni ezifudumele futhi ezibuyela emahlathini anesimo sezulu esipholile azinzima kangako kuma-woodcock.
Iphuphu leWoodcock
Ngokuqondene nabazingeli, izingodo zezinkuni ziyinto ebaluleke kakhulu kubo. Imvamisa zibulawa ziyathengiswa bese zithola imali eningi kuzo. Imvamisa, zifakwa futhi zethulwe njengezindebe ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuzingela.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi noma umuntu noma umhlaseli azi ngobukhona bokhuni obufihliwe eduze, kuzoba nzima kakhulu kuye ukuthola le nyoni. Abantu abafihliwe bavame ukuphutha ngenqwaba yamaqabunga noma ngesigaxa esincane esimbozwe ngotshani. Leli likhono labo elingenakuqhathaniswa, kepha ngezikhathi ezithile zezimpilo zabo izinyoni azivikelekile ngokuphelele emvelweni.
Naphezu kokuthi cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yazo zonke izingodo ezibulewe eziqothulwa ngabazingeli, izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke zizama ukwenqabela ukuzingelwa okunjalo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, uma uhlanganisa isibalo sezinkuni, eziqothulwe yizilwane ezidla amahlathi, ngenani lezinyoni ezibulewe ngabazingeli, ungabona izibalo ezigculisayo. Uma ukubhujiswa kwezinyoni okukhulunywa ngazo kuqhubeka ngobuningi obunjalo, kungekudala bangase babe sengozini yokuqothulwa.
Yisho ezincwadini nakumabhayisikobho
I-woodcock ingabizwa ngokuthi inyoni "yakudala" yezindaba zababhali baseRussia ngabazingeli. Imisebenzi edume kakhulu ngokuhlanganyela kwabo yizindaba ze-I.S. Turgenev futhi A.P. EChekhov. Okungabaluleki kangako ukukhuluma kwabo emisebenzini kaG. ITroepolsky, I.S. USokolov-Mikitov noGuy de Maupassant.
Ngokuqondene ne-cinema, izinyoni zasebukhosini azivamile kangako kuyo. Ifilimu edume kakhulu ngumsebenzi wase-Ukraine wase-1996 oqanjwe ngezinyoni uqobo. I-movie ilandisa ngempilo yabantu base-Ukraine eminyakeni eyishumi yesine yekhulu lama-XX. Ababukeli banethuba lokuveza ngokuzimela incazelo yesihloko sefilimu.
Ngakho-ke, kule ndatshana sikhulume ngama-woodcock - izinyoni ezinhle neziyigugu ngokumangalisayo. Esikhathini sethu, inani elikhulayo lezilwane ezahlukahlukene liqothulwa ngamawala ngabantu abadlayo nabantu, maqondana nesidingo sokuvikelwa kwazo.
Ezweni lanamuhla, kubalulekile ukwazisa imvelo enhle nehlukile futhi uvikele abamele bayo - omakhelwane bethu emhlabeni. Yingakho kudingekile ukuvimbela ukuzingelwa kwezinyoni zasebukhosini, ezingalethi monakalo emvelweni futhi ezingasongeli isintu.
