IGorilla yisilwane esikuhlobo lwezinkawu, okubandakanya abameleli abakhulu kunabo bonke besimanje bohlelo lwezinkawu. Incazelo yokuqala yalolu hlobo yanikezwa ngumvangeli waseMelika - uThomas Savage.
Incazelo kanye nezici zebhayoloji
Abesilisa abadala yizilwane ezinkulu kakhulu, futhi ukukhula kwabo endaweni yabo yemvelo, njengokujwayelekile, kungu-170-175 cm, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kukhona nabantu abade abanamamitha amabili noma ngaphezulu. Ububanzi behlombe lesilwane esidala buyahlukahluka ngaphakathi kwemitha. Isisindo somzimba wesilisa singaphakathi kwamakhilogremu angamakhulu amathathu, kanti isisindo sowesifazane sincane kakhulu futhi asivamile ukudlula ama-150 kg.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ukuze bazitholele ukudla okwanele, ama-gorilla asebenzisa izitho zomzimba ezinamandla kakhulu, imisipha enamandla ngokuphindwe kasithupha kunamandla emisipha yanoma yimuphi umuntu ojwayelekile.
I-primate inomthethosisekelo omkhulu, futhi inomsipha oqinile futhi othuthuke kahle.... Umzimba umbozwe uboya obumnyama futhi obukhulu obukhulu. Abesilisa abadala bahlukaniswa ubukhona bomugqa obonakalayo ocacile wombala wesiliva ngemuva. Kwezimbongolo zalesi silwane, ibala elivelile elivelile liyisici. Inhloko inkulu ngosayizi futhi inebunzi eliphansi. Isici umhlathi omkhulu futhi ophumile, kanye nommango onamandla we-supraorbital. Engxenyeni engenhla yekhanda kukhona uhlobo lomcamelo, olwakhiwa ukuqina kwesikhumba nezicubu ezixhuma.
Kuyathakazelisa!Umzimba we-gorilla unesimo sesici: ububanzi besisu budlula ububanzi besifuba, ngenxa yohlelo olukhulu lokugaya ukudla, oludingekayo ekugayweni kahle kwenani elibalulekile lokudla okune-fiber ephezulu yemvelaphi yezitshalo.
Isilinganiso sobude obumaphakathi bemilenze yangaphambili nemilenze yangemuva ngu-6: 5. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilwane sasendle sinezandla eziqinile nezinyawo ezinamandla, okuvumela i-gorilla ukuthi ime ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ihambe ngemilenze yayo yangemuva, kodwa ukunyakaza kuzo zozine kungokwemvelo. Enkambeni yokuhamba, leli gorilla alizibeki izingalo zalo ezingaphambili emiqulwini yeminwe. Uhlangothi olungaphandle lweminwe egobile lusebenza njengesisekelo, esisiza ukugcina isikhumba esincanyana futhi esizwelayo ohlangothini olungaphakathi lwesandla.
Izinhlobo zeGorilla
Ucwaningo oluningi olwenziwe lwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthola ukuthi izinhlobo ezimbalwa zezinhlobo ezincane nezinhlobo ezine zingabalwa ngohlobo lwama-gorilla, amanye awo abhekwa njengangavamile futhi afakwa kwiRed Book.
Igorila laseNtshonalanga
Lezi zinhlobo zifaka ama-subspecies amabili, i-gorilla yasemaphandleni kanye ne-gorilla yomfula, okuvame kakhulu ezindaweni eziphansi zehlathi ezishisayo, lapho kuhlala khona uhlaza oluningi olunotshani nezindawo ezingamaxhaphozi.
Emzimbeni, ngaphezu kwekhanda nezitho, kunezinwele ezimnyama. Ingxenye engaphambili inombala onsundu ophuzi noma ompunga ophuzi... Impumulo enamakhala amakhulu inethiphu eyeqile yesici. Amehlo nezindlebe mancane. Ezandleni kukhona izipikili ezinkulu neminwe emikhulu.
Ama-gorilla aseNtshonalanga ahlanganiswe ngamaqembu, ukwakheka kwawo kungahluka kubantu ababili kuya kwabayishumi nambili, okungenani oyedwa owesilisa, kanye nabesifazane abanamachwane achanyuselwe. Abantu abavuthiwe ngokobulili, njengomthetho, bayalishiya iqembu, futhi bashiye abazali babo isikhathi esithile bodwa ngokuphelele. Isici sesici ukuguqulwa kwabesifazane esigabeni sokuzalela besuka eqenjini baye eqenjini. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sihlala ngokwesilinganiso izinsuku ezingama-260, ngenxa yalokho kuzalwa izinyane elilodwa, linakekelwa ngabazali kuze kube cishe iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine.
Igorila laseMpumalanga
Njengoba isakazeke ezindaweni eziphansi nasezintabeni ezingaphansi kwehlathi ezindaweni ezishisayo, lolu hlobo lumelelwa i-gorilla yasentabeni kanye ne-gorilla yasethafeni. Lawa ma-subspecies abonakala ngokuba khona kwekhanda elikhulu, isifuba esibanzi nemilenze emide engezansi. Impumulo iyisicaba futhi inamakhala amakhulu.
Ikhava yezinwele imnyama kakhulu ngombala, ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka... Ezinduna ezindala zinomugqa omenyezelwe wesiliva ngemuva. Cishe wonke umzimba umbozwe ngoboya, kanti ngaphandle kukhona ubuso, isifuba, izintende nezinyawo. Kubantu abadala, ngobudala, umbala obonakalayo ogqamile obonakalayo obonakalayo.
Amaqembu omndeni aqukethe isilinganiso sabantu abangamashumi amathathu kuya kwamashumi amane, futhi amelwe abesilisa, abesifazane namawundlu abaphezulu. Ngaphambi kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, abesifazane bayakwazi ukusuka eqenjini elilodwa baye kwelinye noma bajoyine abesilisa abangashadile, ngenxa yalokho okwakhiwa iqembu lomndeni elisha. Abesilisa asebefinyelele ebusheni bashiya iqembu futhi ngemuva kweminyaka engaba mihlanu ngokuzimela bakha umndeni omusha.
Indawo yokuhlala
Zonke izinhlobo ezingaphansi kwe-gorilla esempumalanga zihanjiswa ngokwemvelo ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwehlathi ezindaweni ezisezindaweni eziphansi nezinezintaba ezisengxenyeni esempumalanga yeDemocratic Republic of the Congo, naseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Uganda naseRwanda. Amaqembu amakhulu ezinsikazi zalolu hlobo atholakala ezindaweni eziphakathi koMfula iLualaba, iLake Eduard kanye nomthombo wamanzi ajulile iTanganyika. Lesi silwane sithanda amahlathi anezigaxa ezinotshani obukhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Usuku lweGorilla luhlelwe ngokoqobo ngomzuzu futhi luqala ngokuhamba okuncane uzungeze isidleke, udla amaqabunga noma utshani. Ngesikhathi sokudla kwasemini, izilwane ziyaphumula noma zilale. Futhi ingxenye yesibili yosuku izinikele ngokuphelele ekwakhiweni kwesidleke noma ekuhlelweni kwaso.
Imindeni yomfula osentshonalanga kanye negorilla yasemathafeni ihlala ezindaweni eziphansi, emahlathini emvula nasemathafeni aseCameroon, eCentral African Republic. Futhi, inani elikhulu lezinyamazane zalezi zinhlobo zihlala ezweni lase-Equatorial Guinea, eGabon, eNigeria, eRepublic of Congo nase-Angola.
Ukudla okunomsoco ku-vivo
I-gorilla ichitha ingxenye enkulu yesikhathi ifuna ukudla. Ukuze sizitholele ukudla, lesi silwane siyakwazi ukudlula insimu ngezindlela eziqhubekayo nezaziwayo. Amaphara ahamba ngezitho ezine. I-Gorilla yanoma yiluphi uhlobo ingeyabantu abadla imifino kuphela, ngakho-ke kuphela izitshalo ezisetshenziselwa umsoco. Kukhethwa kuqala amahlamvu neziqu zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ukudla okudliwe ngama-gorilla kunenani elincane lomsoco, ngakho-ke inyani enkulu idinga ukudla cishe ama-kilograms ayishumi nesishiyagalombili kuya kwangamashumi amabili okudla okunjalo nsuku zonke.
Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo yesikhathi eside, ethandwayo, kuphela ingxenye engabalulekile yokudla kwegorilla esempumalanga emelelwa yizithelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi i-gorilla yaseNtshonalanga ikhetha izithelo, ngakho-ke, ekufuneni izihlahla zezithelo ezifanele, isilwane esikhulu sikwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade ngokwanele. Okuqukethwe kwekhalori okuphansi kuphoqa izilwane ukuthi zichithe isikhathi esiningi zifuna ukudla futhi zondle ngqo. Ngenxa semali uketshezi kusuka ekudleni kwezitshalo, gorilla kuyaqabukela baphuze.
Izici zokuzala
Ama-gorilla abesifazane angena esigabeni sokuvuthwa ngokocansi eneminyaka eyishumi kuya kweyishumi nambili.... Abesilisa bavuthwa ngokocansi eminyakeni embalwa kamuva. Ukukhiqizwa kwama-gorilla unyaka wonke, kepha abesifazane bahlangana kuphela nomholi womndeni. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuzalwe, owesilisa ovuthiwe ngokobulili kufanele awine ubuholi noma azakhele owakhe umndeni.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ngaphandle kokuthi noma yiluphi ulimi olusobala "lwenkawu" alukho, ama-gorilla ayaxhumana, enza imisindo engamashumi amabili nambili ehluke ngokuphelele.
Amathole azalwa cishe kanye njalo eminyakeni emine. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sithatha isilinganiso sezinyanga eziyi-8.5. Owesifazane ngamunye uzala izinyane elilodwa, futhi ukhuliswa ngumama aze afike eminyakeni emithathu. Isisindo esijwayelekile sosana olusanda kuzalwa, njengomthetho, alweqi amakhilogremu ambalwa. Ekuqaleni, izinyane ligcinwa ngemuva kowesifazane, linamathele eboyeni balo. Ithole elikhulile lihamba lodwa. Kodwa-ke, leli gorilla elincane lizohamba nonina isikhathi eside, iminyaka emine kuya kwemihlanu.
Izitha zemvelo ze-gorilla
Endaweni yazo yemvelo, izinkawu ezinkulu azinazitha. Usayizi ohlaba umxhwele, kanye nokusekelwa okuqinile okuhlangene, kwenza igorilla ingavikeleki ngokuphelele kwezinye izilwane. Kumele kuqashelwe futhi ukuthi ama-gorilla ngokwawo awalokothi akhombise ulaka ezilwaneni ezingomakhelwane, ngakho-ke bahlala kaningi eduze kwezinhlobo ezingabonakali nezinhlobo ezincane zezinkawu.
Ngale ndlela, okuwukuphela kwesitha segorilla yindoda, noma kunalokho abazingeli bendawo abazingela ngokungemthethoezibhubhisa ama-primates ukuze zithole imibukiso ebalulekile yabaqoqi emkhakheni we-zoology. Ngeshwa, ama-gorilla ayizinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuqothulwa kwabo kuye kwasakazeka kakhulu, futhi kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale uboya nezigebhezi ezibaluleke ngokwanele. Izingane zama-gorilla zibanjwa ngobuningi bese ziphinde zithengiswa ezandleni zangasese noma ema-zoo amaningi ezilwane.
Ukutheleleka komuntu, lapho ama-gorilla engenawo amasosha omzimba, nakho kuyinkinga ehlukile. Izifo ezinjalo ziyingozi kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-gorilla, futhi zivame ukudala ukwehla okukhulu kwesibalo semindeni yama-primate endaweni yazo yemvelo.
Okungenzeka kokuqukethwe kwasekhaya
I-gorilla ingeyesigaba sezilwane zomphakathi okungokwemvelo ukuhlala ngamaqembu. Lokhu inkawu enkulu kakhulu igcinwe ngokungavamile kakhulu ekhaya, ngenxa yobukhulu obumangazayo nezici zemvelaphi eshisayo. Isilwane sihlala sigcinwa ema-zoo, kepha ekuthunjweni, i-gorilla iphila iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu ngokusemandleni.
