Iphunga le-Cadaverous. Amehlo engilazi. Igwebu ngomlomo. Lezi izindlela zokuzivikela zama-phenums. Ngezikhathi zobungozi, bazenza ngathi bafile, hhayi nje kuphela ukuba yiqhwa, kepha futhi belingisa izinqubo ze-cadaveric. Igwebu emlonyeni libonisa ukufa ngokungenwa yigciwane.
Ngisho nezilwane ezidla izidumbu azifuni ukutheleleka. Ngemuva kokuhlola nokuhogela i-phenum "ngesimo", izidumbu ziyadlula. Ungakubona lokhu eMelika. Ama-opossum awahlali kwamanye amazwekazi.
Incazelo nezici ze-possum
"Impungushe encane ensundu enemilenze emifushane nomsila omude" incazelo yokuqala ye-possum, eyenziwe ngo-1553. Kwabe sekufika uPedro Cieza eMelika. Lesi yisazi sokuma komhlaba saseSpain, esinye sezibalo zokuqala zomlando.
UCieza wayengesona isazi sezilwane. Izinhlobo ze-opossum zikhonjwe ngokungalungile. Eqinisweni, lesi silwane siyi-infraclass yama-marsupials, hhayi i-canine efana nezimpungushe.
Ama-superorder amabili ahlukaniswa phakathi kwama-marsupials:
- O-Australia. Kufaka isabelo sebhubesi sezilwane ezincelisayo ngesikhwama sederm esiswini sazo. Kukhona ama-kangaroo, ama-bandicoots, nama-marsupial moles, abamele izidalwa zesigaba esifana ne-Tasmanian devil.
- WaseMelika. Kumelwe kuphela iqembu lama-possum. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-Australia kunohlobo olufanayo - ama-ossum. AmaMarsupials avame ukubizwa ngokuthi agcwele e-Australia, okusho ukuthi ahlala kuphela emazweni awo. Kodwa-ke, empeleni, izilwane ezincelisayo ezilula kakhulu ezisezweni elisha.
Ukuba yisilwane esincelisayo sokuqala, opossum:
- Inamazinyo angama-50. Abayisishiyagalolunye babo bangama-incisors. Ezinhlanu ziphezulu kanti ezine zingezansi. Lesi isakhiwo samazinyo esidala esivela ezilwaneni ezincelisayo zokuqala eMhlabeni.
- Iminwe emihlanu. Izitho zezilwane ezincelisayo eziphakemeyo zineminwe eyisithupha.
- Inesikhwama lapho ingane possum iwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ezinsukwini eziyi-12 ubudala. Ngakho-ke, ama-possum abizwa ngokuthi ama-uterine amabili. Esikhwameni, njengokungathi kusesibelethweni sesibili, amawundlu ayaqhubeka nokukhula, ondla ubisi lukamama. Izindlala ezincelisayo zinwebeka esibayeni sesikhumba.
- Kwavela emhlabeni ekugcineni kwesikhathi seCretaceous, okungukuthi, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-200 edlule. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-dinosaurs ayesaphila eMhlabeni.
- Ihlukile ekukhuleni kwezitho zangemuva.
Akuwona wonke ama-possum anesikhwama. ENingizimu Melika, kunezinhlobo zezingono zazo ezithuthelwa esifubeni. Izilwane ezinjalo zenza ngaphandle kwesikhwama. Ama-Sim possums awahlukile, noma kunjalo. Kukhona amagundane we-marsupial ngaphandle kwesibaya sesikhumba. Futhi i-wombat ayinasikhwama.
Ngakho-ke i-possum izenza sengathi ifile, isabisa izilwane ezizingelayo
Amantshontsho ama- possum angenazikhwama nawo azalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, abambelele ezingonweni zikanina. Inzalo ilenga esifubeni sayo kuze kube yilapho ingahola indlela yokuphila ezimele.
Kuma-possum marsupial, ukugoqwa kwesikhumba kwenziwa lula, kuvulekela ngasemsileni. Akukho ukukhuluma nge "pocket" njenge kangaroo.
Izinhlobo ze-Opossum
Akuwona wonke ama-possum, njengencazelo kaPedro Cieza, abukeka njengama-chanterelles anomsila omude futhi anezinhlamvu ezimfishane. Kukhona nokufana negundane possums. Encane izilwane zine:
- amehlo amakhulu
- izindlebe eziyindilinga
- umsila ongenaboya, uqweqwe esisekelweni futhi ukwazi ukubamba izinto ezizungezile, uzisonge
- izinwele ezimfushane zomzimba nsundu, beige, mpunga
Kunezinhlobo ezingama-55 zama-possum afana nezimpuku, ngasikhathi sinye afana namagundane. Izibonelo yilezi:
1. I-Pygmy possum... Unoboya obumpunga ophuzi, obukhanyayo. Ngokude, isilwane sifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-31, okungathetheleli igama lohlobo. Kukhona nama-possum amancane kakhulu.
2. ULimsky. Kuvulwe ngo-1920. Lesi silwane sihlala enyakatho yeBrazil, njengoba singandile. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezingama-55 zama-possum, kukhona cishe ama-80% awo.
3. Blaze. Futhi i-possum yaseBrazil, eyatholakala ngo-1936. Isilwane sihlala endaweni yakwaGoias. Njengamanye ama-opossum afana negundane, i-blaze ine-muzzle ekhonjiwe, emincane.
4. IVelvety. Kutholakala eBolivia nase-Argentina. Umbono wavulwa ngo-1842. Umbala wezinhlobo ubomvu. Uboya bufana ne-velvet. Kungakho igama lohlobo.
5. Unomusa. Lokhu opossum izimpilo eningizimu yeBrazil nase-Argentina, kwavulwa ngo-1902. Isilwane sathola igama ngokuvumelana kwaso okukhethekile nangomusa wokuhamba.
6. I-possum ebomvu... Uhlala ePeru, eBrazil, eColombia, eGuyana, eSuriname. I-marsupial inokwakheka okunamafutha okubizwa ikakhulukazi phansi komsila. Umbala wesilwane, njengoba igama lisho, ubomvu. I-possum yeqe amasentimitha angama-25 ngomsila wayo.
Phakathi kwama-opossum anoboya obude, usayizi ophakathi, kufana nama-chanterelles, izingwejeje noma ama-martens, siyasho:
1. Ukubukwa kwamanzi. Kutholakala eMelika Ephakathi NaseNingizimu. Umzimba wesilwane ungama-30 cm. Umsila i-possum yamanzi ufaka amasentimitha angama-40. Umphimbo wesilwane unethoni yobisi, futhi emzimbeni uboya benziwe bamnyama.
I-marsupial ihlala eduze kwemizimba yamanzi, ibamba izinhlanzi kuyo. Ngokungafani nama-possum amaningi, i-aquatic inezitho ezinde. Ngezindleko zabo, lesi silwane side.
I-possum yamanzi ine-webbing emilenzeni yayo yangemuva njengezinyoni zasemanzini
2. I-possum enamehlo amane. Igqoka amabala amhlophe ngenhla kwamehlo amnyama. Zifana nombhangqwana wesibili wamehlo. Kungakho igama lohlobo. Ijazi labamele bayo limpunga emnyama. Lesi silwane sihlala ezintabeni zaseMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu. Ubukhulu be- possum enamehlo amane bucishe bube yingxenye yesithathu kunaleyo yasemanzini.
3. Ushukela possum. Igama lakhe eliphakathi uyisikwele esindizayo. Ngokwesigaba sezilwane, isilwane yi-possum, hhayi i-possum. Le yimindeni ehlukene. Ngaphezu kokuhlukaniswa kwendawo, abamele babo bahlukile ngokubukeka.
Isibonelo, uboya be-possum, bufana ne-plush futhi buyize ngaphakathi. Izinwele ze-Opossum zigcwele ngokuphelele, ziqinile, zinde. Amehlo ezilwane mancane, awaphumi. I-Opossum okufanayo ushukela kubizwa kuphela abaningi ngendlela yaseMelika, kepha kubukeka njenge-Australia.
4. I-possum yase-Australia... Eqinisweni, futhi iyi-possum. E-Australia, lesi silwane singenye yama-marsupial avame kakhulu. Uboya obukhulu buhlanganisa wonke umzimba wesilwane, unethoni yegolide.
Vuliwe isithombe se-possum ifana nekhangaru encane. Abantu base-Australia baqhathanisa lesi silwane nempungushe. I-Opossum marsupial.
5. Intokazi opossum... Kushiwo iqiniso. Uhlala eNyakatho Melika futhi unesikhwama esigcwele. Ubukhulu besilwane buyafana nobekati elifuywayo. Ijazi le-possum yaseVirginia linzima, liphikisiwe, limpunga. Izihlobo eziseduze yizinhlobo eziseningizimu nezijwayelekile.
Kunezinhlobo ezingama-75 zama-possum aseMelika. Zihlukaniswe ngemikhakha eyi-11. Noma ngabe yiluphi uhlobo lwe-possum eyiqiniso olungelona, luhamba kancane, luyindida. Yingakho isilwane sakhetha ukuzenza sengathi sifile njengendlela engcono yokuzivikela.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
I-Opossum - isilwanebakhetha izindawo zokuhlala eziseningizimu. Ngakho-ke, kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela zama-marsupials eNyakatho Melika. Uma zikhuphuka zingena maphakathi nezwe, izilwane zifriza imisila nezindlebe zazo ezingenalutho ebusika obukhulu.
Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo zama-possum eqiniso, anesihloko somsila wawo kuphela. Ingxenye enkulu yengaphezulu yayo imbozwe ngoboya. Kwanele ukukhumbula i-possum enomsila ononile. Yiqiniso, uhlala eNingizimu Melika, hhayi eNyakatho Melika.
I-possum enomsila
Izici ezihlukile zendlela yokuphila ye-opossum zifaka:
- ukuhlala wedwa
- indawo yokuhlala emahlathini, ama-steppes nama-semi-steppes
- iningi lazo lihola impilo yasemakhaya (ingxenye yesithathu iyisemhlabeni futhi kuphela i-aquum possum eyi-semi-aquatic)
- umsebenzi ngesikhathi sokuhwalala nasebusuku
- ukutholakala kwesimo sokulala (ngezikhathi ezimbalwa zokuvuka ngezinsuku ezinhle), uma isilwane sihlala endaweni esenyakatho
Mayelana nama-possums ngeke usho ukuthi bahlakaniphile. Ekuhlakanipheni, izilwane ziphansi kunezinja, amakati, amagundane ajwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuvimbeli ama-possum amaningi ukuthi angagcinwa ekhaya. Ukuheha ngosayizi omncane wezilwane, ukuthamba kwazo, ukudlala.
Ifilimu "Ice Age" lifake isandla ekuthandweni kwezilwane. I-possum ayizange ibe yinye yamaqhawe akhe kuphela, kodwa intandokazi yomphakathi.
Ukudla okungaphezulu
Ama-possums amnya futhi aminzile. Imenyu yansuku zonke yama-marsupials ifaka:
- amajikijolo
- amakhowe
- izinambuzane
- amahlamvu
- utshani
- ukolweni
- amagilebhisi asendle
- amaqanda ezinyoni, amagundane kanye nezililo
Imininingwane yemenyu incike endaweni yokuhlala yesilwane. I-possum yase-Australia, noma kunalokho i-possum, izondla ngezithelo kuphela, amakhambi nezibungu. ENingizimu Melika, kukhula amanye amakhambi, kuvuthwe ezinye izithelo, kuphile nezinambuzane ezihlukile. Enyakatho yezwekazi, imenyu nayo ikhethekile.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
I-marsupial possum eNyakatho Melika ikhiqiza inzalo kathathu ngonyaka. Izinhlobo ezihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo zizala unyaka wonke. Ama-possum anezinkuni akhetha ukwenza uhlobo lwezidleke, noma ukuhlala emigodini. Amafomu omhlaba ahlala:
- emigodini;
- imingxuma elahliwe;
- phakathi kwezimpande
Ukuzala nakho kuhlukile ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-opossum. IVirgirsky inamabele amakhulu kakhulu. Kukhona amawundlu angama-30 kudoti. Ingxenye yazo kufanele ife, ngoba lesi silwane sinezingono eziyi-13 kuphela.
Ngokwesilinganiso, ama-possum azala amawundlu ayi-10-18. Lapho sezikhulile, ziya emhlane kanina. Ama-opossum ahambela lapho izinyanga ezimbalwa, bese ehlela phansi aqale impilo yokuzimela. Akuthathi iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-9.
