Inyoni enkulu, ejwayelekile kuwo womabili ama-hemispheres womhlaba, yaziwa ngamandla ayo kanye nokwesaba isimilo sayo. Izinhlobo zodwa zomndeni wakwaSkopin ezokuhleleka kwezinyoni ze-hawk.
Ngezici ezimangalisayo eziheha ukunaka kwabantu, igama lenyoni selibe uphawu lokuziqhenya, amandla, ukuvikelwa, isibindi. Ukundiza osprey okuvezwe engutsheni yezingalo nefulegi lomuzi waseSkopin.
Incazelo nezici ze-osprey
Umthethosisekelo oqinile wesilwane esidliwayo ulungiselelwe impilo esebenzayo kanye nezindiza ezihamba amabanga amade. Ubude benyoni bucishe bube ngama-55-62 cm, isisindo esilinganisiwe singu-1.2-2.2 kg, amaphiko afinyelela ku-170-180 cm.
Abesifazane bakhulu futhi banombala omnyama kunowesilisa. Umlomo onamandla ogobile, isicu ngemuva kwekhanda, amehlo aphuzi ngamehlo abukhali angena ngaphakathi. Amakhala enyoni avikelekile ekungeneni kwamanzi ngama-valve akhethekile.
U-Osprey ubamba izinhlanzi
Umsila mfushane, imilenze iqinile, ezinzwaneni kukhona izinzipho ezibukhali, ngaphansi kwazo kunamapads anezipikethi zokubamba inyamazane eshelelayo. I-osprey ihlukaniswa nezinye izidalwa ngobude obufanayo bezinzwane nezinzwane eziphakathi nokubuyiselwa emuva kozwane lwangaphandle. Imvelo inikeze le nyoni amandla okubamba ngokuqinile inhlanzi yasemanzini, nokuwukudla okuyinhloko kwe-osprey.
Umbala omuhle uheha ukunakwa kwabathandi bezinyoni, okuqinisekisa incazelo ye-osprey. Isifuba nesisu senyoni zimhlophe, zinemigqa ensundu. Ezungeze intamo njengomgexo onamachashazi. Ezinhlangothini zekhanda, umugqa onsundu ugijima usuka emlonyeni uye esweni uye phambili uye entanyeni.
Amaphiko amade, abukhali anombala onsundu. Umlomo, izidladla ezimnyama. Izimpaphe eziqinile azidingi amanzi. Izinyoni ezincane zibukeka zinamabala amancane, futhi ulwelwesi lweso lwazo lubomvu ngokusawolintshi. Izwi lezinyoni libukhali, ukukhala kungazelelwe, okukhumbuza ikholi "kai-kai".
Lalela izwi lenyoni ye-osprey
Le nyoni iyazi ukuthi itshuzela kanjani inyamazane, ayiwesabi amanzi, yize ibeka engcupheni yokuminza ekulweni nezinhlanzi eziqinile. I-Osprey ayinayo i-grease ekhethekile, njengezinyoni zasemanzini, ngakho-ke ngemuva kwezinqubo zamanzi idinga ukukhipha amanzi ukuze iqhubeke nokundiza.
Indlela yokunyakazisa ihlukile ngokuphelele, ikhumbuza ukuhamba kwenja. Inyoni iyagoba umzimba wayo, ishaya izimpiko zayo ngendlela ekhethekile yokumpintsha. U-Osprey angalahla amanzi emhlabeni nasemphakathini.
U-Osprey endizeni
Esithombeni osprey evame ukubanjwa ngezikhathi ezibalulekile empilweni - ekuzingeleni, ekufudukeni, esidlekeni esinamantshontsho. Ukubukeka okunomusa, indiza enhle ihlala ivusa intshisekelo yalabo abathanda izilwane zasendle.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Ukuluthwa ukudla kwezinhlanzi kuchaza ukusakazeka kwezinyoni eduze kwemizimba yamanzi. I-osprey yaziwa emhlabeni wonke, ayitholakali kuphela ezindaweni ezigudle iqhwa. Umbuzo, U-Osprey uyinyoni efudukayo noma ebusika, unempendulo edidayo. Izilwane zaseningizimu zihlala zodwa, kanti ezinye ziyafuduka. Umngcele ohlukanisa abantu uhlala eYurophu cishe ku-38-40 ° latitude latitude.
Izidleke zazo ezindaweni ezipholile; lapho kufika ubusika indizela ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, e-Asia Ephakathi Buyela ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke ngo-Ephreli. Indlela ende ihlukaniswe izigaba ngezitophu zokuphumula. Ngosuku inyoni ye-osprey ingafinyelela ku-500 km. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukubuyela ezidlekeni zawo akungenzeki. Izidlakudla azikashintshi izidleke zazo ezikhethiwe amashumi eminyaka.
Izinyoni zihlala esidlekeni esiseduze, ezifika ku-2 km, kusuka ogwini lolwandle, amachibi, imifula neminye imizimba yamanzi. Ukuzingela izilwane ezidla ezinye akuvunyelwe, ngoba inani labantu lisongelwa ngenguquko yemvelo, ithonya lemikhakha yempilo yomuntu. Ngakho-ke, ukusakazeka kwezibulala-zinambuzane kwezolimo kucishe kwabulala inyoni enhle.
Ngokwemvelo, izitha nazo zanele. Abanye bazingela inyamazane, eyibanjwa i-osprey, abanye bazama ngayo amatshwele, kanti abanye abaphikisi ukuzitika ngale nyoni uqobo lwayo. Izikhova, izinkozi, izikhova zokhozi zincintisana ne-osprey ngesabelo sokubamba.
Akuzona zonke izinhlanzi ezibanjwe ngobuningi obuya emndenini wazo. Phakathi kwezilwane ezidla umhlaba, ama-raccoon, izinyoka eziqothula izidleke yizitha zemvelo. Ngesikhathi sobusika base-Afrika, izinyoni zihlaselwa izingwenya, zigada izilwane ezidla ezinye ngenkathi zitshuza ngenhlanzi.
Osprey ngexhoba
U-Osprey unesizungu empilweni, ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa. Kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni zihlanganiswa ngokuzingela izinhlanzi, uma ichibi licebile kubahlali. Umsebenzi ka-Osprey wansuku zonke ukuzungeza ngaphezu kobuso bechibi endaweni ephakeme engafika ku-30 m futhi ubheke inyamazane.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Osprey - inyoni angler, okubizwa ngalo ukhozi lwasolwandle. Akanayo imingcele ethile yezinhlanzi. Isisulu yileso esintanta ngaphezulu futhi siyabonakala kusuka ekuphakameni kokundiza komzingeli we-osprey. Izinhlanzi zenza ama-90-98% wokudla kwakhe kwansuku zonke.
Inqubo yokuzingela i-osprey ingumbono othakazelisayo. Le nyoni ayivamisile ukuqamekela, ikakhulukazi ibheka inyamazane, lapho izulazula futhi izungeze endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-10-30. Uma kuhlelwe inyamazane, inyoni yehla ngokushesha ngejubane elandayo ngamaphiko ayo abuyiselwe emuva nemilenze yayo yelulelwa phambili.
Ukuhamba kwe-osprey kuyefana nokundiza kwesilwi esisheshayo. Ukubalwa okunembile kushiya ithuba lokuthi isisulu seqe. Inani le-dives eliphumelelayo lincike ezimeni zezulu, ukushintshashintsha kwamanzi, ngokwesilinganiso lifinyelela kuma-75% ngokwezibalo zabahloli bezinyoni.
U-Osprey udla inhlanzi
Ukudoba akwenzeki ngomlomo, njengakwezinye izinyoni eziningi, kodwa ngezinzipho eziqinile. Ukudilika okuncane kugcina ngokubamba ngokuqinile inyamazane nokuphakama okubukhali okulandelayo okusuka emanzini. Ukuze isuke ngokushesha, le nyoni yenza ukushaya ngamandla kwamaphiko ayo.
Izinhlanzi zigcinwa ngosizo lwama-notches akhethekile kuma-paws, okuthi, kanye nezinzipho, kusize ukuthwala inyamazane ngesisindo, kwesinye isikhathi ilingana nesisindo senyoni uqobo. Inqina elilodwa libamba izinhlanzi ngaphambili, elinye - ngemuva, lesi sikhundla sithuthukisa izakhiwo ze-aerodynamic ze-osprey endizayo. Isisindo senhlanzi ebanjiwe singasuka ku-100 g kuye ku-2 kg.
Ukuzingelwa kwamanzi kuhlotshaniswa nakanjani nezimpaphe ezimanzi. I-osprey ivikelwe yimvelo emswakeni osheshayo - izakhiwo zophaphe ezixosha amanzi zigcina amandla okundiza. Uma ukucwiliswa bekujulile, inyoni ilahla amanzi amaningi emoyeni ngokunyakaza okukhethekile kwamaphiko ayo.
Ngenkathi yokuzingela, umhlaseli unengozi yokuntywila emanzini uma inhlanzi inzima futhi inamandla. Ukubamba okubulalayo ngezinzipho kuvela ukuthi kuyabulala - inyoni ayikwazi ukushesha isuse umthwalo futhi iminyanise emzabalazweni, icwile.
Ukudla inhlanzi ngobuningi kuqala kusuka ekhanda. Lokhu kwehlukanisa nezinye izihlobo eziningi, ezingadli nhlobo amakhanda ezinhlanzi. Ukudla kwenzeka emagatsheni noma emithambekeni yobumba. Inani lokudla ngosuku ngu-400-600 g wezinhlanzi.
Ingxenye yenyamazane iya kowesifazane uma ifukamela amaphuphu. Isidleke se-Osprey evame ukususwa echibini, inyoni eqinile kufanele ithwale inyamazane amakhilomitha amaningana. Amachwane asemancane nawo kufanele ondliwe kuze kube yilapho esekwazi kahle isayensi yokuzingela.
Kwesinye isikhathi amaxoxo, amagundane, izingwejeje, ama-salamanders, izinyoka, ngisho izibankwa nezingwenya ezincane zingena ekudleni kwesilwane esidlayo. Isimo kuphela esibalulekile sanoma yisiphi isisulu ukuthi kufanele sibe sisha, asizondli nge-carrion osprey. I-Osprey ayiphuzi amanzi - isidingo sayo sihlangatshezwa ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlanzi ezintsha.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-Osprey nesikhathi sokuphila
Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamabili, izinyoni zihlala zithembekile kulowo ezikhethiwe kukho konke ukuphila kwazo. Izinyoni zaseningizimu zidlula esikhathini sokukhwelana bese zikhetha indawo yokwakha izidleke endaweni yazo ngoFebhuwari-Mashi, kanti izinyoni ezisenyakatho ziya ezindaweni ezifudumele kanti isikhathi semishado siqala ngo-Ephreli-Meyi.
Iduna lifika kuqala bese lilungiselela ukuhlangana nalo elikhethiwe. Izinto zokwakhiwa kwesidleke: amagatsha, izinti, ulwelwe, izimpaphe, - zombili izinyoni ziletha, kepha insikazi iyahlanganyela ekwakhiweni. Uhlaka luyisakhiwo esenziwe ngamagatsha.
Isidleke se-Osprey esinamachwane
Bese kuthi ngezansi kufakwe utshani nobulembu obuthambile. Phakathi kwezinto zemvelo umuntu angahlangabezana namaphakeji atholakala yizinyoni, izingcezu zendwangu, amafilimu, izintambo zokudoba. Ubukhulu besidleke ububanzi bufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5.
Indawo ikhethwa ezihlahleni ezinde, emadwaleni, ezisekelweni ezikhethekile, ezenziwe ngabantu bezinyoni. Umkhuba wokulungiselela amasayithi okwenziwa waqhamuka eMelika, kwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wanda kwamanye amazwe. Manje amapulatifomu asejwayelekile njengezindlu zezinyoni.
Usanda kuzalwa u-Osprey Chick
Indlela esemqoka ekwakhiweni kwesidleke ukuphepha nobuningi bezinhlanzi emzimbeni ongajulile wamanzi: ichibi, umfula, ichibi, ixhaphozi. Le ndawo iqhele ngamakhilomitha ama-3-5 ukusuka emanzini.
Kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni zihlala izidleke eziqhingini noma onqenqemeni olunamadwala ngaphezu kwamanzi ukuze zivikeleke ezilwaneni ezidla phansi. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezidleke eziseduze lihluka kakhulu: kusuka kuma-200 m kuya kumashumi amakhilomitha. Kuya ngokutholakala kokudla - izinyoni zivikela izindawo zazo.
Uma isidleke sakhiwe ngempumelelo, khona-ke eminyakeni elandelayo i-osprey izobuyela kule ndawo. Kunamaqiniso okunamathiselwa kweminyaka eyishumi kwezinyoni ekhaya labo.
Osprey iphuphu
Insikazi ibeka amaqanda ngokushintshana, ngesikhawu sezinsuku ezingu-1-2. Kamuva, ngokulandelana okufanayo, amaphuphu azovela futhi alwele izingcezu zokudla. Izinga lokusinda kwabantu asebekhulile lingcono kunelalabo abazalwa kamuva.
Amaqanda, afana namabhola ethenisi ezinhlakeni ezinsundu, afukanywa yibo bobabili abazali izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2, uwafudumeza ngemfudumalo yawo. Iqanda lilinganisa cishe amagremu angama-60. Kukhona izindlalifa zesikhathi esizayo ezi-2-4 esidlekeni.
Iqanda lenyoni i-Osprey
Ngesikhathi sokufukamela kwe-clutch, owesilisa uthatha ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko kokondla nokuvikela ingxenye yakhe nenzalo yakhe. Uma kunengozi, u-osprey ulwa nesitha ngokungesabi. Izinzipho noqhwaku lwenyoni kuphenduka isikhali esesabekayo.
Amachwane asanda kuzalwa ambozwe mhlophe phansi, oba mnyama ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10, abe mpunga nsundu. Abazali badabula izinhlanzi zibe yizicucu ezincane bazifake emilonyeni yabo enganeliseki. Lapho amaphuphu ezalela, aqala ukuphuma esidlekeni ayohlola umhlaba futhi azingele ngokwawo.
Izimpaphe ezigcwele kubantu abafudukayo zishesha kakhulu kunezinyoni ezihlala phansi (izinsuku ezingama-48-60). Kepha izinyanga ezimbalwa bavame ukubuyela esidlekeni ukuze bathole usizo, ukuthola izinhlanzi kubazali babo.
Ukufuduka kwekwindla kuyinkinga yazo zonke izinyoni. Akuwona wonke ama-juveniles ahamba ibanga elide, kufinyelela kuma-20% ama-ospreys afa. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwenzeka eminyakeni emithathu ubudala. Ngonyaka wokuqala noma emibili, ukukhula okuncane kuhlala ezindaweni ezifudumele, kepha ngokwezinga lokuvuthwa, kulungiselela ukundiza uye enyakatho.
Ukubuyela okuphikelela kakhulu emazweni abo omdabu ukudala amabhangqa abo nokwakha isidleke esisha. Isikhathi sokuphila sika-Osprey ngokwemvelo ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka eyi-15, ekuthunjweni - iminyaka engu-20-25. Irekhodi lenyoni ekhalayo, elaqoshwa ngo-2011, yayiyiminyaka engama-30 yokuphila.
Isidlakela esihle sifanekisela amandla nobukhazikhazi bemvelo. Akumangalisi ukuthi iRussia Bird Conservation Union yathatha isinqumo: osprey - inyoni yango-2018... Kuwo wonke umuntu, lolu ikholi lesimo sokucophelela nokunakekela umhlaba omuhle wezakhamizi ezinezimpaphe zeplanethi.
