Kubuyekezwe. IRed Book of Animals eRussia ayikashintshwa selokhu yasungulwa, okungukuthi, kusukela ngo-1997. Ngo-2016, isimo saphulwa. Uhlobo olusha lunikezwe ngoNovemba. Uhlu lwezilwane ezingaphansi kokuvikelwa lushintshe ngama-30%.
UMnyango Wezemvelo wezwe ungowokuqala ukubika lokhu. Ngemuva kwalokho, izindaba zasatshalaliswa yi-Izvestia. Ukushicilelwa kushicilele ukuthi i-saiga, ibhere lase-Himalaya kanye ne-reindeer kususiwe kwiRed Book yaseRussia. Abazange banikeze imininingwane ngezinyoni. Kepha, uhlelo olusha seluvele lukhona emashalofini ezitolo. Sekuyisikhathi sokuvuselela imininingwane ye-inthanethi.
Incwadi Ebomvu yaseRussia
Ngo-2016, uHulumeni wezwe wamemezela ukuthi i-Order of the State Committee ye-Federation for Environmental Protection ayisebenzi njenge-Order ka-Okthoba 3, 1997. Esikhundleni salokho, inqubo entsha yokugcinwa kweRed Book yamukelwa. Kususelwa esigabeni sesi-3 sesinqumo sikaHulumeni esingu-1219 sikaNovemba 11, 2015.
Kuhlelo olusha, olufaka ama-invertebrate nama-vertebrate njengezinga elijwayelekile, izinguquko zithinte kakhulu eyangaphambili. Lawa ama-molluscs nezinambuzane. Kuma-vertebrate, uhlu lwezilwane ezihuquzelayo luye lwanda kakhulu.
Kungezwe izilwane ezihuquzelayo eziyi-17. Kwakukhona ohlwini lwama-21. Uhlu lwezinyoni ezingaphansi kokuvikelwa selukhule ngaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu. Oshicilelweni lwangaphambilini lweRed Book kwakukhona ezingama-76 azo.Manje sezingama-126. Sekukonke, izinhlobo zezinyoni ezingama-760 zihlala ezindaweni ezivulekile ezifuywayo, futhi cishe zingama-9000 zazo emhlabeni.
Ohlelweni lwangaphambilini lweRed Book yaseRussia, amakhasi ayehlukaniswe ngokwesiko lamazwe ngamazwe ngombala. Okubomvu kuyizinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa, futhi omnyama usevele wanyamalala. Upende ophuzi encwadini ukhombisa izilwane ezisengozini nezingajwayelekile, kanti upende omhlophe ukhombisa okungafundwanga kahle. Ihlala iluhlaza. Bakhetha izinhlobo ezingabuyiselwa.
Uhlobo olusha lwencwadi lugcina ukwakheka okujwayelekile, kepha "amakhadi" ahlelwa kabusha. Kwavela "amahlaya" amasha, futhi ezinye izinyoni zalahlekelwa "imiqhele" yazo yeNcwadi ebomvu. Ake sihlole uhlu olusha.
Izinyoni zeRed Book yaseRussia
UDikusha
Igama lakhe alihlotshaniswa nokwesaba wonke umuntu nakho konke, kepha kunalokho likhohliseka kalula. Ilukuluku lenyoni nesimo esihle semvelo "siyayicindezela" emalupheni abekwe abazingeli. Kusala kuphela ukuqinisa intambo entanyeni enezimpaphe.
Abazingeli abazisebenzisi izibhamu lapho beya kwi-grouse yasendle. Inyoni uqobo lwayo ingena ezandleni. Lokhu, eqinisweni, kuhlotshaniswa nokwehla kwenani labantu. Izimpaphe ezivela ekuhlelweni kwezinkukhu zihlwabusayo futhi ziyinyama. Usayizi weRed Book umaphakathi phakathi kwe-hazel grouse ne-black grouse. Ngaphandle, i-Grouse yaseSiberia ifana neyokugcina.
Idada lesiMandarin
Leli dada, ngokungafani nezinye, lihlala ezihlahleni. Kwesinye isikhathi, amaMandarin ahlala emigodini amamitha ayi-5-6 ukusuka phansi. Amachwane ashelela phansi ngokwelula okufakwayo ngezidladla zawo. Lezi "zinqwaba" zisebenza njengezigwedlo emanzini, nasesibhakabhakeni - ukwesekwa okwengeziwe emoyeni.
Igama elinamanzi idada lesiMandarin libangelwa ubuhle bamadrake. Uma amadada ejwayele ukuba mpunga, khona-ke abesilisa bezinhlobo ziyizikhonkwane phakathi kwezinyoni zasemanzini. Emzimbeni wamadraki, kuhlanganiswe imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-orange, eluhlaza, obomvu, ophuzi, omhlophe, nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilwane asikho ngaphezu kuka-700 amagremu.
I-Steppe kestrel
Izingela ingenalutho. Igama lohlobo luhlotshaniswa nalo mqondo. I-kestrel ingeyokhetshe, kepha bayazingela lapho bebaleka, neRed Book - phansi. I-kestrel ayikwazi ukuphakama ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-20 emoyeni.
Imvamisa, inyoni indiza ngamamitha ayi-5-10 ukusuka phezulu. Ngenxa yobunzima bokundiza, le nyoni incamela ukungabheki inyamazane evela phezulu, kepha ihlala ngokuqamekela ilinde labo abagijimayo.
NgoJulayi nonyaka, enye yezinyoni eziseRed Book yatakulwa yizakhamizi zesifunda iVolgograd. Babona inyoni icwila echibini. Owesilisa osemusha, ocishe abe yichwane, ubesosizini. Ihlobo esifundeni liphenduke lomile futhi nezinyoni ezingezona ezamanzi zafinyelela emachibini.
Inyoni kaJankowski
Ama-buntings ahlala ngababili nesidleke otshanini. Bayishisa minyaka yonke. Izinyoni azikwazi ukuhlala emazweni aqokelwe ukuzala. Awekho amaqanda - ayikho inzalo. Ngakho-ke inani lokuqhathwa lancipha laya ezingeni leRed Book.
I-oatmeal iyinyoni encane. Ubude bomzimba wesilwane, kufaka phakathi umsila, cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-15. Ungahlangana nenyoni ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeRussia Far East.
UJack bird
UJack yigama elinikezwe lo nobaster bustard. Imibala esemzimbeni wale nyoni icashile, kepha isatshalaliswa kahle. Ngenhla kwesifuba esimhlophe kune-cape beige enephethini egelezayo emnyama ekhukhulwe. Imivimbo emnyama yehlela thwi phansi entanyeni emhlophe yeJack. Ikhanda lenyoni lithweswe umqhele ngesigaxa, lihlehle kahle emuva. Iqukethe izimpaphe ezihlukanisiwe ezinemibala emhlophe nemnyama.
UJack utholakala ezingwadule zobumba, ezinamadwala nosawoti eningizimu yeRussia. Umzimba ozacile onemilenze emide nentamo evulekile uvusa ukuzihlanganisa no-cranes. Ezinyonini ezinjengazo, empeleni, i-bustard yobuhle ingeyayo.
Inyoni ye-Avdotka
Kungahlobene ne-jackbird. Abaqaphi bezinyoni bahlukene phakathi. Abanye babheka i-avdotka kuma-bustard, kanti abanye babheka ama-waders. Ngokuphambene neSiberia Grouse, i-Avdotka ihlukaniswa ngokuqapha kwayo.
Ukubona iBhuku Elibomvu yinhlanhla. Ngakho-ke, ulwazi mayelana ne-avdotka lunqunyelwe. Kuyaziwa ukuthi isilwane sondla izinambuzane nezibungu, sihamba ebusuku, futhi sidleke phansi, phakathi kotshani nezihlahla.
Inyoni yeBustard
ERussia, iyinyoni enkulu kunazo zonke ezindizayo. Iningi lama-bustard lisendaweni yaseSaratov. Izinyoni zeRed Book seziphenduke uphawu lwesifunda. I-Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Region yiyona mpi eyinhloko yokubuyisela inani lezinyoni.
Uyafuduka, uya ebusika e-Afrika, lapho amukelwa khona njengophawu lwenzalo. Noma kunjalo, ama-cluster we-bustard mancane. Amaqanda ama-2-3 abekwa esidlekeni. Abesifazane bayabafukamela. Abashiyi i-clutch izinsuku ezingama-30, banciphile futhi benganikezeli ezingozini.
Ukuze angajiki amaqanda, ama-bustard acindezelwa phansi. Umbala wezimpaphe ukuvumela ukuthi uhlangane nemvelo. Uma ingasizi, inyoni iyafa, kepha ayilahli i-clutch. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubaba uyamlahla ngemuva kokukhwelana, ehamba nabanye abanumzane abaya ezindaweni zemolting.
I-loon emnyama yomqala
Inyoni ebusheni ayihlukile kakhulu kunhlobo ye-loon ejwayelekile enesifuba esibomvu. Amancanyana ezinhlobo ezimbili anombala ofanayo. Abantu abadala sebevele baba mnyama. U-Yuntsov naye ukhipha uqhwaku. Kumpintshisi obomvu kuthiwa "snub-nosed", kuthi kumphimbo omnyama kuqonde.
Izinyoni ezinomsila omnyama zihlala ezihlahleni eziphakeme eziphakathi kwamahlathi. Kudala, iRed Book yayisatshalaliswa esifundeni saseLeningrad. Manje, kunezinyoni ezimbalwa ezinomphimbo omnyama kuphela. Ziguqulelwa ngokulinganayo kukho kokubili ukubhukuda nokundiza, okunesisindo esingaba ngamakhilo ama-3 futhi kufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-75 ubude.
ICaspian plover
Ihlala ezingwadule ezomile zobumba. Kunabantu abanjalo eningizimu yezwe. Isandulela sokoma nokushisa akuyona into ejwayelekile kuma-waders, lapho i-plover ingeyayo. Ngokuvamile, abameleli beqembu bahlala emaxhaphozini. Futhi, izinhlobo zeCaspian zikhulu kuneziningi zama-waders, zifinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-20.
Igama lesibili leCaspian plover nguKhrustan. Abamele lezi zinhlobo bakha ngababili futhi abahlukani, banakekela inzalo. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nama-bustard, ama-plover abalekela kalula kude ne-clutch aye emgodini wokunisela, ayofuna ukudla.
Kungabonakala njengokuhlambalaza. Kodwa-ke, isisindo somzimba esiphansi seRed Book asimvumeli ukuthi ashise amanoni amasonto. Inyoni izomane ife. Ama-bustard amakhulu anezinqolobane eziningi zosuku lwemvula.
I-albatross enemibala emhlophe
Izinhlobo ezinemibala emhlophe yi-albatross enkulu kunazo zonke enyakatho yezwe. Amaphiko enyoni enezimpiko avame ukudlula amasentimitha angama-220. Incwadi Ebomvu ihlala ezindaweni ezisolwandle. Ukubona inyoni yinhlanhla.
Emuva ngo-1949, lezi zinhlobo kwathiwa azisekho. Ngemuva kwalokho, imininingwane inqatshiwe, noma kunjalo, akukwazanga ukubuyisa inani labantu kuze kube yilolu suku. Ngo-1951 izazi zezinyoni zathola izinyoni ezingama-20 ezazisaphila esiqhingini saseTorishima. Manje sekunemidondoshiya engaba ngu-300 yama-albatross.
Kunezizathu eziningana zokuqothulwa kohlobo. Imidondoshiya ithatha isikhathi eside ukufinyelela ebusheni. Bambalwa kuphela abasinda esikhathini sokuzala, ngoba amaphuphu adliwa ngamagundane nezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye. Abazingeli abangekho emthethweni nabo baqaphile. I-albatross enemibala emhlophe iyinqolobane yenyama emnandi nenomsoco.
Enye inkinga ngama-albatross amakhulu izintaba-mlilo. Izinyoni zihlala ezindaweni zomsebenzi wazo, zihlala eduze nemfudumalo. Kodwa-ke, lapho i-lava namagesi e-incandescent aqala ukuqhuma emathunjini omhlaba, amaRed Data Books awela ngaphansi "kokushaywa".
Iphixiki elibomvana
Ekuqaleni imhlophe. Izimpaphe zale nyoni zithola umbala opinki eminyakeni emithathu ngemuva kokuzalwa. Akuwona wonke umuntu odalelwe ukuthi aphile aze afike eminyakeni yobala. Izwe lama-pelican linokhahlo, yize kunegama "eliyintombazane" lohlobo.
Uma kuzalwa amachwane ambalwa, anamandla, njengomthetho, athatha ukudla kwababuthakathaka. Labo baba buthakathaka ngokwengeziwe futhi baphonswa ngaphandle kwesidleke. Yilapho kufela khona izinyoni. Okuhlukile wudoti ozalelwe ema-zoo.
EMoscow, ngokwesibonelo, iklubhi levuba elibomvana laphuphunyelwa ngumuntu wesifazane. Leli khala liyisihlobo seNcwadi Ebomvu. Kumuntu onezinwele ezisontekile, amaqanda abekiwe ayengenalutho, futhi kweliliphinki, kwavela amawundlu kuwo womathathu.
Enye yenzalo yathatha amandla. Owesibili ukwazile ukuvikela isiqeshana saso. Iphuphu lesithathu lafa. Bese abasebenzi bezu banikeza umntwana kunina ohlulekile wokhakhayi olugobekile.
Ukuncintisana phakathi kwama-pelican uqobo, kuhambisana nokuzingela ngokungemthetho, kanye nokwehliswa kwendawo yemvelo yizinto "ezilethile" le nyoni kwiRed Book yaseRussia. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwezwe, lolu hlobo nalo lusengcupheni yokuqothulwa.
Inyoni e-Crested cormorant
Leli cormorant limnyama futhi linekhanda eligoqiwe, lihlala oLwandle Olumnyama. Okumnyama kubungozi obumnyama ukulahleka. Sekusele amabhangqa angaba ngu-500 eRussia. Ungahlangana neRed Book, ngokwesibonelo, edwaleni lasePrus eKrasnodar Territory.
Ukuzingela abamele lezi zinhlobo kwavinjelwa kusukela ngo-1979. Kepha bayaqhubeka nokuzingela nge-crested. Indandatho enentambo ende ifakwe entanyeni yezinyoni. Le enezimpaphe ibamba inhlanzi, kepha ayikwazi ukugwinya, iyisa kumnikazi. Ezinsukwini zakudala, amaJapane ayefuna ukudla. KuLwandle Olumnyama, ukuzingela ngama-cormorants kungukuzijabulisa kwabavakashi.
Izinsikazi ezibomvu
Le nyoni ingenye yezinto eziyivelakancane hhayi eRussia kuphela, kodwa naseMhlabeni. IBhuku Elibomvu lithanda amaxhaphozi, amachibi kanye namaxhaphozi. Lapho inyoni ifuna izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla nezinhlanzi ezincane. ERussia, ungacabanga ngokuzingela eduze ne-Amur ehlobo. Isibalo sabantu abangaphezu kwamandla ezweni ngaphandle kwezwe.
Ukwehla kwesibalo ngokwengxenye kungenxa yokunyamalala kwemizi yabo. Abantu baseChina, ngokwesibonelo, banyamalala ngenxa yokugawulwa kwemipopula endala i-ibises eyakhiwe kuyo. Abantu abanemilenze ebomvu abavumi ukushintsha "izindlu" zabo.
Futhi, izinyoni zazidutshulwa. Iningi lama-ibise lalihlala eJapan, lapho ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 laqala ukuvumela ukuzingelwa, "ukuqala" ukuqothulwa okukhulu kwezinyoni ezinyawo ezibomvu. Manje azikho ngaphezu kwama-250 azo emhlabeni wonke.
Imininingwane emhlanganweni weRed Book wamashumi eminyaka adlule ayinaso isiqinisekiso esithembekile. Isikhathi sokugcina lapho kwenzeka khona ukuthwebula inyoni eRussia kwakungama-80s. Kepha, imininingwane engaqondile ngemihlangano nama-ibis inika isizathu sokuyishiya eRed Book yezwe.
Inyoni yesipuni
Ama-tongs alungisiwe esikhundleni somlomo. Uma kungenjalo okwakamuva, isipuni singafana nonogolantethe. Empeleni, iBhuku Elibomvu lingele-oda likanogolantethe. Uqhwaku lwesilwane luyanwetshwa lubhebhe ekugcineni. Lesi sakhiwo sisiza ukudoba izinhlanzi ezincane nezinambuzane emanzini.
I-Spoonbill, njengokungathi, igunda amanzi amaningi ngomlomo wayo, ihamba kancane kancane kuwo. Emifuleni, izinyoni zisebenza ngamaqembu, ziklelana ngokulandelana. Ama-Spoonbill azingela yedwa emizimbeni yamanzi emile. Uqhwaku olukhulisiwe lufakwa ngokoqobo ngeziphetho zezinzwa. Babamba ukunyakaza okuncane.
Unogolantethe omnyama
Izimpaphe ezimnyama zale nyoni zikhazimula ngokunsomi nangokuluhlaza. Imilenze nonwabu kanogolantethe kubomvu kanti isifuba simhlophe. Ukubukeka kwengubo yokugqoka akuhloselwe ukujabulisa. IBhuku Elibomvu lithanda isizungu, lisondela kwamanye onogolantethe kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana.
Njengoba sezinikeze inzalo, izinyoni ziyahlakazeka ziye "emakhoneni" azo. La ma-engeli aya ngokuya ancipha, okuyinto engaqondakali kubabheki bezinyoni. Ngokwemvelo, inyoni enkulu ayinazitha.
Ukuzingela ngokungemthetho okusebenzayo akwenziwa, ngoba le enezimpiko mncane futhi iyaqaphela. Kunezindawo ze-boggy ezifanele impilo eRussia. Kodwa-ke, inani labantu liyehla kancane kancane. Bengaziqondi izizathu, ososayensi abazi ukuthi bangazivikela kanjani izinhlobo.
Ihansi lentaba
Ukubukwa kwentaba ngoba indiza ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-6000. Amamitha ayi-500 ngaphambili, okuqukethwe komoya-mpilo osemkhathini kuhafu. Ihansi lentaba kuphela elingaba semvelweni onjalo, yize ezithombeni zidweba ocelemba noqweqwe abandizela elangeni.
Umnqobi weqiniso weziqongo yiRed Book yethu. Ikhono lokushayela igazi ngokushesha emzimbeni lisiza ukubhekana nokushoda komoya-mpilo. Imifudlana esebenzayo iyakwazi ukuletha inani elidingekayo legesi kumaseli.
Kodwa-ke, lo mshini awuqondakali kahle. Ososayensi balwa nalomsebenzi. Uma ingaxazululwa, ingaba nomthelela ekwelapheni izinkinga zokuphefumula komuntu. Kulokhu, inhloso yokonga amahansi asezintabeni iba ephawuleka kakhulu.
Flamingo
Isanqante senyoni. Ngakho-ke ungabiza i-flamingo, wazi ukuthi i-carotene iqongelela ezimpapheni zesilwane. Le pigment ayitholakali kuphela kwizinqathe, kodwa nakwamanye ama-mollusk, isibonelo, ama-shrimp, ama-crustaceans. Lokhu ukudla kwe-flamingo.
ICarotene ifakwa ezimpapheni zabo, iyinike ithoni yamakhorali. Kepha "ithoni" yesiphetho sezinyoni iya iba mnyama. Inani labantu baseRussia liyancipha. Inqubo ihamba kancane, kepha kuhlelo lokugcina lweRed Book bekungekho zilwane.
Inyoni encane ebheke phambili emhlophe
Ngeyama-Anseriformes, izidleke ezisenyakatho ye-taiga. Le nyoni idinga ihlathi eliminyene, elintombi. Ukugawulwa kwayo kungenye yezizathu zokwehla kwesibalo sezinyoni. Abazingeli abangekho emthethweni ngaso sonke isikhathi abanacala ngalokho abakwenzile, futhi hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi abazingela ngokungemthetho ngabodwa.
I-Goose ebheke phambili emhlophe ibukeka njengehansi elibheke phambili elimhlophe. Lesi sigameko sakamuva senziwa ngokusemthethweni. Uma ukude, abazingeli bacabanga ukuthi babulala ihansi elivamile. Inkudlwana futhi inebala elincane elimhlophe ebunzini. Yilokho kuphela umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo.
Ihansi laseMelika
Le futhi iyinyoni eyi-anseriform ehlala e-arctic tundra. Ngaphandle kweRussia, ihansi livamile eCanada nasenyakatho ye-United States, elichaza igama lalezimpaphe. By the way, it is herbivorous, there is plantain and sedge.
Isimo esingenabungozi nenyama emnandi yizizathu zokuqothulwa kwabantu, yize bekuvinjelwe ukuzingela. Ngokuya ngokulinganisela, lezi zilwane zilahlekelwa ngabantu abayi-4 000 minyaka yonke ngenxa yephutha labazingeli.
Inyoni kaSukhonos
Emndenini wamadada amadada amakhulu kunawo wonke. Ihlukile enkukhwini hhayi ngosayizi kuphela, kepha futhi kubude bayo berekhodi lentamo noqhwaku olumnyama. Lesi sakamuva sinwebeka ngamasentimitha ayi-10, naso esihlukanisa ikhala elomile namanye amahansi. Kodwa ukudla kwenyoni kujwayelekile. Incwadi Ebomvu inezinhlamvu nohlaza.
Njengoba isendle, iSukhonos ithanjiswa kalula, okusho ukuthi ekuqaleni iyakhohliseka kalula. Le nyoni ayifihli kubantu, yingakho idutshulwa, yize ibinqatshelwe. Ake sithi nje umbono ucasula abazingeli.
I-swan encane
Igama lesibili yi-tundra, njengoba lihlala enyakatho. Lapha le nyoni ilula ize ifike kumasentimitha ayi-130. Impiko ayifinyeleli kumamitha ama-2. Amanye ama-swans makhulu.
Izinhlobo ziyabuyiselwa, kepha azikakhishwa kwiRed Book. Phakathi kwabantu, inani labantu lidume ngokuthembeka kwe-swan. Amabili anezimpiko aphethwa nangesikhathi sokuthomba, angaphansi konyaka owodwa. Lokhu ukubandakanyeka. Izilwane zizongena ebudlelwaneni obugcwele kamuva, kepha ziyazi ukuthi zenzelwe bani kusukela zisencane.
Inyoni ka-Osprey
Lesi sidla sondla izinhlanzi kuphela. Ukuyibamba, enye yezinzipho zika-osprey zaqala ukuzungeza. Kulula ukubamba inyamazane ngale ndlela. Umbono uhlukile futhi ngoba awunazo izihlobo eziseduze.
Le nyoni iyafa ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokwakha izidleke. I-Osprey iphila isikhathi eside, ifinyelela eminyakeni engama-40-46. Konke ngaphandle kobusha, izidlakela zichitha esidlekeni esisodwa, zilungisa unyaka nonyaka. Uma ususa isidleke, uzosusa ingxenye ye-osprey eplanethi. Lezi zithandani zizokwenqaba ukufuna "ikhaya" elisha.
Inyoka
Le nyoni ingeyekhozi, izondla ngezinyoka. Inyoni enezimpaphe ithwala inyamazane yayo ngamaphuphu, njengoba isivele yayigwinya kancane. Inzalo ibamba ukuphela kwesirhubuluzi esikhipha emlonyeni womzali futhi sidonse, sidonse. Kwesinye isikhathi, kuthatha imizuzu engu-5-10 ukuthola ukudla esibelethweni sikababa noma umama.
Kuyo yonke iRussia, abantu ababedla izinyoka babalwa njengabantu abayizinkulungwane ezintathu. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi izinyoni ezidla inyama zingukuhleleka kwehlathi, inzalo yemvelo iyanyamalala kanye nezinhlobo zomele igazi. Yize iRed Book izithanda izinyoka, ingadla igundane elenziwa buthaka yilesi sifo. Lokhu kumisa ukusabalala kwegciwane.
Lopaten
Kubhekiswa kuma-waders. Uqhwaku lwenyoni encane lubhebhelekile ekugcineni, lufana nenkaba yamahlombe. Le enezimpaphe iyisebenzisa njengezimpintshi, ibambe izinambuzane ezindizayo. Futhi, uqhwaku lwefosholo lusiza ukubheka ukudla odakeni olusogwini.
Indawo eyinhloko yokuhlala kweRed Book yiChukotka. Izinyoni ziboshelwe ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke, yingakho zihlupheka. Futhi, izinyoni ziyafa ngenxa yokungcola kwamachibi anemikhiqizo kawoyela nokuwohloka kwemvelo ngokuvamile.
I-spatula izwela kakhulu kuyo kunezinyoni eziningi. Izazi ze-ornithologists zibikezela ukuqothulwa okuphelele kwalolu hlobo eminyakeni eyishumi. Uma kunjalo, uhlelo olulandelayo lweRed Book yaseRussia ngeke lusaba nefosholo. Okwamanje, kunabantu abangaba ngu-2 000 emhlabeni jikelele.
Ukhozi olusegolide
Le nyoni ingeyezinhlobo zezinkozi, yolula amasentimitha angama-70-90, bese ishaya amaphiko ayo amamitha amabili noma ngaphezulu. Imidondoshiya ihlala kude nabantu. Izindawo ezinjalo ziya ngokuya zincipha futhi zidinga ukuhlukaniswa ngababili bokhozi begolide. Bahlala ndawonye nomlingani okhethiwe. Izimo ezinjalo zingesinye sezizathu zokwehla kwesibalo, nazo zonke izinhlobo eziyisithupha zezinkozi zegolide.
Ukhozi olunamaphiko amhlophe
Ihlala yodwa eMpumalanga Ekude, edinga insimu enkulu ngokwengeziwe kumuntu ngamunye kunokhozi lwegolide. ERussia, i-Orolan yinyoni enkulu kunazo zonke ezidla ezinye. Umdondoshiya unamagama amabili ahlukile - anamahlombe amhlophe nomsila omhlophe.
Iqiniso ukuthi akuwona wonke amaphiko enyoni alula, kepha kuphela izindawo ezisengxenyeni yazo engenhla. Futhi, ukhozi lunomsila omhlophe. Uma ungangeni emininingwaneni, umbala weRed Book ufana nalowo wemagpie. Ngakho-ke, isazi semvelo uGeorg Steller, owake wathola ukhozi, walubiza ngokuthi yimagpie. Nali elinye igama lenyoni engajwayelekile.
I-Relic seagull
Akukhona okungajwayelekile kuphela, kodwa futhi okusanda kutholwa. Kwatholakala ikholoni lezinyoni ngo-1965 emaLwandle aseTorey. Zitholakala eTrans-Baikal Territory. Ukutholwa kwabantu abayi-100 kwenze kwatholakala ukuthi lokhu kuyinhlobo ehlukile, hhayi ama-subspecies emikhakha esivele isaziwa.
Kuze kube ngo-1965, kutholakala kuphela uhlaka lwesilwane esisodwa. Izinsalela zilethwe zivela e-Asia. Uhlaka lwamathambo olulodwa kuphela olunganikanga ososayensi imininingwane eyanele. Ngemuva kuka-1965, amakholoni ama-relict gulls abhaliswa ngaphandle kweRussia. Manje inani lomhlaba lingabantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-10 000 kuya ku-12,000.
I-Daursky crane
Le nyoni inemilenze ebomvana, amarimu abomvu wamehlo, umbala omnyama nomhlophe omhlophe nekhanda lomzimba ompunga nomhlophe. Amadoda abukekayo mancane futhi made. ERussia, iRed Book itholakala emngceleni oseningizimu nePRC nasogwini olusempumalanga. Kunzima ukubona ama-cranes, ngoba ayimfihlo futhi ambalwa ngesibalo. Abantu abambalwa abalotshwe eRussia, nangaphansi kuka-5000 emhlabeni.
Inyoni ezinzile
Kuzalwa ezindaweni ezingezansi ze-Dnieper, eCrimea, eKamchatka. Lapho, isitaki sifuna izindawo ezimanzi, zihlala emadlelweni agcwele izizi, amachibi, amaxhaphozi. Kukuzindawo ezinje lapho abazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho beyofuna khona iNcwadi Ebomvu. Inyama yaseTurkey ethambile, ukudla, okumnandi nokuyigugu.
Isitaki sise-shiloklyuvkovy. Igama lifihla isici sangaphandle sezimpaphe. Umlomo wayo mncane futhi ubukhali njengenaliti. Futhi, inyoni inemilenze emide futhi emincane yezwi elibomvu. Ngokubambisana nabo nangomlomo, ubukhulu besitaki abudluli kuma-gramu angama-200.
Kurgannik
Kumfundisikazi kunzima ukuhlukanisa nokhozi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izazi ze-ornithologists, ziqaphela ukwehla kwezitini ezimpapheni, umbala obomvu womsila namabala amhlophe ezimpikweni zeRed Book. Lezi zokugcina zibonakala ngesikhathi sokundiza kweBuzzard.
Ngendlela, indiza yakhe iyathuthumela. Le nyoni ibonakala idlidliza emoyeni, iqhwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngakho enezimpaphe ibheka inyamazane ezindaweni ezivulekile. Emahlathini, i-Buzzard ikhetha ukungahambi, ikhetha ama-steppes angenamkhawulo ne-tundra.
Inyoni ye-Avocet
Inokubukeka okweqile. Izimpaphe zale nyoni zimnyama futhi zimhlophe. Ukukhanya okwengeziwe. UMnyama ukhona ngezimpawu ekhanda, ezimpikweni nasemsileni. Uqhwaku lwale nyoni nalo lumnyama, lubukhali, ithiphu igobile. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lubizwa ngokuthi i-awl. Ukuma okuyisici “kwekhala” lenyoni kutholakala ngokukhula. Abancane banomlomo othambile, omfushane, oqondile.
Inani lezinhlobo lilinganiselwe ngokuqina lapho uhlala khona. I-Shiloklyuv idinga amachibi kanye nemifula yama-brackish kuphela. Amachibi olwandle nawo afanelekile, kepha futhi futhi avulekile. Kufanele kube nesihlabathi esiningi nohlaza oluncane. Izindawo ezinjalo nabantu bayayithanda. Izinyoni azikwazi ukumelana nomncintiswano.
I-tern encane
Kuyo yonke iRussia, kwabalwa abantu abangu-15,000. Izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi zicindezela umbono. Okokuqala, izikhukhula zigeza izidleke zezinyoni ezihlala eduze kwamanzi, emabhange. Okwesibili, ama-tern amancane azwela inhlanzeko yemvelo, futhi imvelo iyawohloka.
Futhi, izinyoni azikuthandi ukuba khona kwabantu, futhi lapha kukhona izixuku zabavakashi abathukuthelayo nabanomsindo. Zibheka, ngokwesibonelo, ekuzingeleni izinyoni. Ama-Tern abheka inyamazane emanzini, azulazule phezu kwawo futhi acwilise ngokushesha, acashe ngokuphelele emanzini. Izinyoni ezinamaphiko zivele ngaphezulu futhi ngemizuzwana emi-3-7.
Mhlanga sutora
Ihlukaniswa njengomuntu odlulayo. USutore, njengoba igama liphakamisa, udinga imibhede yomhlanga. Okujiyile nokufihliwe kakhudlwana kuba ngcono. Phakathi kwazo, kunzima ukubona izinyoni ezingamasentimitha ayi-16 ezinezimpaphe ezibomvu-chestnut.
Umlomo ojiyile ophuzi nesidwaba ekhanda kuyabonakala. Ungahlangana nenyoni enjalo eduze ne-Ussuriisk. ISutora ibhaliswe unomphela lapha, njengoba ihola impilo yokuhlala phansi.
Kwenzeka ukuthi izindawo ezikhethwe yiRed Book zizithole zisendaweni yokuzivocavoca kwezempi. Ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu kuqubula imililo, kuchithe umhlanga wezinyoni ozithandayo.
Isikhova sokhozi
Ummeleli omkhulu wezikhova onesisindo esingama-4 kilograms. IBhuku Elibomvu lihlukile kwezinye izikhova ngokuba khona kwenganono ezinqeni nasezindlebeni zophaphe ekhanda. Le nyoni ivunyelwa kunoma iyiphi indawo, kepha ithanda izihlahla ezingenalutho.
Lezi yizona ezigawulwa ngesikhathi sokuhlanzwa kwendle kwehlathi. Le nqubo ifaka phakathi ukusika iziqu zemithi ezigulayo, ezishisiwe nezindala. Izikhova azinandawo yokuhlala. Izinhlobo ebezikade zisabalele zaba yiRed Book.
Inyoni yeBustard
Le nyoni yathola igama layo ngenxa yendlela yayo yokuhamba. Ngaphambi kokuphakama, izimpaphe ziyamemeza, ama-creaks. Ngaphandle kwalesi siko, iNcwadi ebomvu ayiyi ezulwini. IBustard iyaqaphela. Njengoba ingekho indlela yokusuka buthule, le enamaphiko izama ukungakwenzi lokhu, ihola kakhulu impilo yasemhlabeni.
Lapha, umbala onamabala we-beige usiza isilwane ukuhlangana nomhlabathi namakhambi. Uma inyoni inyukela emoyeni, iqala ukushaya amaphiko ayo kaningi ize ikhule ngesivinini samakhilomitha angama-80 ngehora.
I-piebald kingfisher enkulu
Ungabona le nyoni eziqhingini zaseKuril. Abantu abaningi bahlala eKunashir. Ngokwesimo salesi siqhingi, i-kingfisher enkulu ivelela ikhanda layo elikhulu ngombala omkhulu kanye nombala we-variegated. Ngemuva okungemnyama, amabala amhlophe amhlophe ahlakazekile, njengephethini "yepea".
Kuwo wonke amaKunashir, piebald kingfishers babalwa ngamabili angama-20. Kunzima ukulandela umkhondo wazo. Izinyoni ziyandiza zibone abantu besuka kude ngamamitha ayi-100. Uma izinyoni zinquma ukuthi ziyalandelwa, zishiya amakhaya azo unomphela.
I-grouse emnyama yaseCaucasus
Le nyoni yentaba itholakala eKrasnodar Territory futhi, njengoba negama lisho, eCaucasus. Ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-2000-2200 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, le nyoni ihlala phansi.
Izilwane ezilindayo zilinda amachoksi amnyama ezindaweni ezizithandayo. Le nyoni inezitha eziningi zemvelo. Futhi, inani labantu libhujiswa ukubekwa kwemigwaqo nojantshi ezintabeni, inhlangano yamadlelo asezingeni eliphakeme.
IPharadesi Flycatcher
Ngeyomuntu odlulayo, ogqame phakathi kwabo ngosayizi wayo omuhle. Ubude bomzimba we-flycatcher bufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-24, kanti isisindo singama-23 amagremu. Indalo ifanele ukubukeka kwayo kwepharadesi ngezimpaphe zayo ezimibalabala.
Isifuba somdobi wempukane simhlophe kuthi emuva kubomvu. Inhloko yeRed Book imnyama ngokufana nomqhele wezimpaphe. Izimpaphe zemisila emide nazo ziyaphawuleka. Ithiphu yalo ligobile njenge-curl.
Ungahlangana ne-flycatcher entshonalanga yePrimorye. Lapho, abamele lezi zinhlobo bahlala emahlathini asezikhukhuleni, agawulwa ngenkuthalo. Lokhu, kanye nemililo, kubhekwa njengembangela yokuqothulwa kwababambi bezindiza. Ngenkathi ababheki bezinyoni bedabuka, izinambuzane ziyajabula. Njengoba kucacile egameni leNcwadi ebomvu, izondla ngezimpukane.
Inyoni e-Shaggy nuthatch
Uhlala ePrimorsky Territory. Inyoni iyaqina. Imilenze eqinile neqinisayo iyasiza ukugijima ngeziqu, lapho i-nuthatch ifuna khona ukudla. Ziyizinambuzane nezibungu zazo. I-nuthatch ithola ukudla okufana nomqali wokhuni, igaya amagxolo ngoqhwaku oluqinile nolukhuni.
Emuva ngawo-1980, kwakubonwa kuphela amabhangqa angama-20 ama-nuthatches ePrimorye. Futhi, sithole abesilisa abaningi abangashadile, okuwuphawu lwabantu abampofu. Akazange alungise isikhundla sakhe. Oshicilelweni lwakamuva lweRed Book, ama-shaggy nuthatches ekhasini elibomvu.
I-Peregrine falcon
Esinye sezitimela ezihamba ngesivinini esikhulu eRussia siqanjwe ngale nyoni. Uyashesha, kepha hhayi oshesha kakhulu emhlabeni. Ukhozi lwe-peregrine yiyona eshesha kakhulu phakathi kwezinyoni, efinyelela ijubane lamakhilomitha angama-322 ngehora. Ngakho-ke kunzima ukubona nokuqaphela isilwane lapho sihamba. Kukhona okudlule ngokushesha, kepha yini? ..
Le nyoni enejubane elikhulu ngeyefalconry futhi ihamba kancane kancane ngezinyawo zayo. Kuhlelo olusha lwe-Red Book, i-peregrine falcon itholakala ekhasini eliluhlaza. Uhlobo lubuyiselwe. Leli "nothi" elihle liyisiphetho esihle kakhulu sendatshana, esinikeza umbono wokwehlukahluka kwezinyoni zaseRussia nokuba sengozini kwazo.
