Izinto zokubala izinhlanzi zigcwele ukuhlukahluka. Ukukhethwa kukho konke ukunambitheka, kepha kwesinye isikhathi amanye amagama abonakala angajwayelekile. Ngokwesibonelo, rasp - yini inhlanzi kanjalo? Itholakala kuphi, idlani futhi ikufanele ukuzama?
Akuwona wonke umuntu ojabule ngokuzijabulisa kolwandle, akhetha okwakudala. Noma mhlawumbe kuyize: ngaphandle kokukuqonda, ngeke wazi ukuthi kuwusizo kangakanani, futhi ngaphandle kokuzama, ngeke uqonde ukuthi kumnandi? Ngakho-ke, ake sithole okwengeziwe ngale nhlanzi.
Incazelo nezici
I-Terpug iyinhlanzi edlayo, ingeka-oda we-scorpion-like. Kubizwa nangokuthi i-sea lenok noma i-rasp. Njengezinhlanzi eziningi ezidlayo, inomzimba omncane, ogijimayo, ombozwe izikali ezincane ezicinene. Ubude obujwayelekile bufinyelela kwengxenye yemitha, kanti isisindo singu-1.5-2 kg. Kepha kwezinye izindawo kunezinhlobo zemitha elilodwa nohhafu ezingama-60 kg lilinye.
I-dorsal fin isebenza ngobude bayo bonke. Iqinile noma ihlukaniswe ngokusika okujulile kube izingxenye ezi-2, kuya ngokuhlukahluka. Kwesinye isikhathi kubukeka njengamaphiko amabili. Izinhlobo ezihlukile ziyahlukahluka kunani lemigqa ye-lateral - kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-5.
Ulayini we-lateral uyisitho esibucayi kwezinhlanzi nakwamanye ama-amphibiya, abona ngawo ukunyakaza kwemvelo nokunyakaza okungaphandle. Kubukeka sengathi umucu omncane emaceleni omabili omzimba kusuka emigodini kuya emsileni. Isetshenziselwa ukuqondisa esikhaleni nokuzingela.
I-Terpuga ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-sea bass noma i-Japanese perch
I-fish rasp esithombeni ibukeka njengensimbi ekhule ngokweqile. Kuhlotshiswe ngemivimbo, kunamaphiko amahle aphezulu, izindebe ezinkulu namehlo aqhamukayo. Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-rasp perch.
Futhi amanye amaduna nawo anezindawo ezinamaphethini agqamile. Abantu abaningi bayayithanda ngokunambitheka kwayo okuhle nenyama enamafutha. Ngakho-ke, i-rasp iyathakazelisa kokubili ukudoba kwezimboni, futhi njengento yokuncintisana kwezemidlalo, futhi nje kulabo abathanda ukudoba.
Izinhlobo
Okwamanje, umndeni wamajikijolo uhlanganisa imikhakha emithathu, equkethe imikhakha emithathu nezinhlobo eziyi-9.
- Imifino epheqiwe - obizwa nangokuthi ukuphela kohlobo lomndeni, lapho kunezinhlobo eziyi-6. I-fin ngemuva isikwe cishe phakathi. Umsila ubanzi, unesimo esisikiwe esisicaba noma uyindilinga emaphethelweni. Zonke izinhlobo ezilodwa ngaphandle kolunye zinemigqa emi-5 yecala.
- Ulayini owodwa we-rasp... Ubude bomzimba bube ngamasentimitha angama-30, umzimba ofana ne-torpedo, uthanjisiwe ezinhlangothini. Ihlukaniswe nezinye izihlobo ngokuba khona komugqa owodwa we-lateral (yingakho igama). Umbala uphuzi nsundu.
Amabala amnyama, angalingani asakazeke kahle emzimbeni wonke. Amaphiko wepectoral abanzi, ayindilinga onqenqemeni lokulandela. Ihlala esiqeshini esisogwini olusenyakatho neChina, Korea naseziqhingini zaseJapan. Uthanda amanzi afudumele, eRussia atholakala eGulf of Peter the Great.
- I-rasp yaseMelika... Ubude obunga-60 cm, isisindo esifinyelela ku-2 kg. Kunokwehluka okuqinile phakathi kobulili, phambilini babonwa njengezinhlobonhlobo. ICaramel kumbala wekhofi.
Kubafana, umzimba wonke uhlotshiswe ngamabala angajwayelekile aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngomngcele wamachashazi abomvu, emantombazaneni - awekho amabala, umbala unamakholomu, kepha unamachashaza amnyama amnyama. Itholakala kuphela engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNyakatho Melika, eduze neziQhingi zase-Aleutian naseGulf of Alaska.
- IGreenleaf ebomvu noma ekhanda iHare... Umzimba omkhulu, ofinyelela kuma-60 cm ubude, ikhanda elikhulu namehlo we-ruby. Amadoda amadala anombala obomvu-cherry ngombala, kuphela isisu esinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umzimba wonke unemibala enezikhala ezingalingani ezibomvana noma eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Zonke izimpiko nazo ziyabonakala. Abesifazane nabancane bangumbala onsundu ngokuluhlaza okotshani. Inyama ivame ukuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili - ezase-Asia nezaseMelika. Esokuqala sitholakala esiqhingini saseJapan iHokkaido, budebuduze namaKuriles, eduze kwaseCommander Islands, ngaseKamchatka, naseziQhingini zase-Aleutian.
Owesibili uzungeza ugu lwaseNyakatho Melika, ukusuka e-Alaska Peninsula kuya eCalifornia.
- I-rasp ensundu... Ubude bomzimba bucishe bube ngamasentimitha angama-30 kuya kwangu-35, futhi eduze nenhlonhlo yaseKamchatka - kufika kumasentimitha angama-42. Umzimba ongezansi ulula. Ezihlathini kukhona izindawo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, emaphikweni e-pectoral kunamamaki amalahle amalahle.
Imivimbo emincane emnyama isuka esweni ngalinye iye ezinhlangothini. Inyama iluhlaza okotshani. ERussia, ubanjwe oLwandle iBering nase-Okhotsk, futhi uhlala oLwandle lwaseJapan futhi ngasogwini olusenyakatho-mpumalanga Melika. Ekwindla ifuna ukujula, entwasahlobo nasehlobo ibuyela eduze nogu.
- I-rasp yaseJapane... Usayizi wamasentimitha angama-30-50. Kuthathwe eJapan, ugu olusenyakatho neChina naseKorea. Umbala - ushokoledi wobisi, ongalingani, onemivimbo nezinkomba. Umsila usike uqonde, ngaphandle kokugoqa. Izinhlanzi ezincane zivame ukugcinwa emanzini.
- Ukutshala okuluhlaza... Usayizi ufinyelela ku-50 cm, umsila usike uqonde noma unenothi ebonakalayo. Umbala uphuzi nsundu, unezindawo eziningi ezikhanyayo. Isisu simhlophe okobisi, phansi kwekhanda kuphinki.
Yonke imiphetho inamachashazi, ama-specks noma imivimbo. Ibanjwa isuka eHokkaido iye eChukotka, nasogwini lwaseNyakatho Melika - kusukela eBering Strait kuye cishe enkabeni yeCalifornia.
- Amajikijolo amazinyo - uhlobo lwe-1 nezinhlobo ezi-1, empeleni, futhi wanikeza igama kuwo wonke umkhaya omncane. Kubhekwa njengommeleli omkhulu womndeni, ikhula kuze kufike ku-1.5 m futhi isisindo esingama-60 kg. Umbala uluhlaza okotshani, onsundu, nampunga ngokukhanyayo, kuya ngendawo yokuhlala.
Umzimba wonke ugcwele amachashaza namachashazi abomvu, ikhofi noma umbala onsundu. Umdondoshiya utholakala kuphela ogwini olusenyakatho-mpumalanga yeMelika, ukusuka e-Alaska kuye eBaja California. Ukujula kwendawo yokuhlala kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-400 m. Ezinhlanzi ezisencane, inyama iluhlaza okotshani, futhi kubantu abadala, imhlophe. Isibindi siqukethe inani elikhulu lamavithamini A no-D, kanti inyama icebile nge-insulin.
I-greenling encane impela inenyama eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
- I-rasp enesiphetho esisodwa - 1 uhlobo ngezinhlobo ezi-2.
- I-greenling eqoshiwe yaseningizimu eyodwa... Itholakala kuphela esifundeni esisenyakatho-ntshonalanga yoLwandlekazi iPacific - oLwandle Oluphuzi naseJapan, eningizimu yamaKuriles nasengxenyeni eseningizimu yoLwandle lwase-Okhotsk. Ubude obufinyelela ku-62 cm, isisindo cishe esingu-1.5-1.6 kg. Abantu abasha banombala oluhlaza okotshani, kuthi abadala babe nombala onsundu onamabala ansundu. I-dorsal fin iqinile. Umsila ufakwe imfoloko.
- I-greenling eqoshiwe eyodwa yasenyakatho... Ibanjwa eduze ne-Kuril Islands eseningizimu, iKamchatka ne-Anadyr. Ngasogwini lwaseMelika, umzila uyefana nezinhlobo eziningi zangaphambilini - usuka eCalifornia uye e-Alaska. Ubude - 55 cm, isisindo esifinyelela ku-2 kg.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Ohlala ezansi nasogwini, i-rasp iyatholakala emahlathini alga, phakathi kwamadwala okushayela nemifula. Ukujula kokuhlala kwayo kuncike kubuningi bendawo, inhlabathi, uhlaza kanye namazinga okushisa kwamanzi. Ungahluka kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-46 m, nakwezinye izinhlobo kuze kufike ku-400 m.
Imvamisa abantu abasha bahlala emhlambini futhi babhukuda ngokushesha ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu (ze-pelagic) zolwandle. Futhi abantu abadala, abayinkimbinkimbi ngesipiliyoni, izinhlanzi zihola isigqi sokuphila, kuphela phakathi nenkathi lapho zizala khona. Indawo yokuhlala enkulu yi-Pacific expanses esenyakatho.
I-Terpug yisidalwa esisebenzayo, siphila ngokuzingela, sidla kakhulu ukudla kwamaprotheni - ama-crustaceans, izibungu nezinhlanzi ezincane. Ezinye izinhlobo zibonakaliswa ukufuduka okumi mpo nsuku zonke.
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-greenling zinomphetho onobuthi
Kunzima ukuyibamba isuke ngasogwini, ngakho-ke ukuyibamba udinga ukuphuma ungene olwandle oluvulekile. Ukudoba ngezinga lezimboni kwenziwa ngama-trawls nolwandle. Abayizimfundamakhwela badoba besuka esikebheni besebenzisa izinduku nemivimbo. Izinhlanzi zasolwandle, ejwayele ukuvula izikhala nokujula, ngokungafani nezakhamuzi zemifula, ezinamahloni kancane.
Ibanjwa hhayi kuma-twisters kuphela, kodwa futhi nakwi-hook ecwebezelayo enqunu. Ukuze wandise amathuba okulunywa, udinga ukwehlisa ukubamba hhayi okuqondile, kepha jikijela eceleni amamitha angama-20. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, noma ikuphi ukudoba akuvunyelwe kuzo zonke izindawo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ama-raspberry amaningi afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi eminyakeni engu-2-3, kanti amanye (ngokwesibonelo, ahlawuliswe munye) - eminyakeni engu-4-5. Isikhathi sokutshala sincike endaweni. Mhlawumbe uDisemba-Febhuwari, njengohlaza lwaseMelika lwaseCalifornia, noma mhlawumbe uSepthemba (ePeter the Great Bay). Futhi eTuya Bay (oLwandle lwase-Okhotsk) ukuzala kuqala ngisho nangaphambi kwalokho - ngoJulayi-Agasti. Ukuzala, izinhlanzi zisondela ogwini, lapho ukujula kungamamitha amathathu.
Abesilisa baqala ukufuduka ngaphambi kwesikhathi, bakhetha indawo, abayiqaphile. Ukuzalela kwenziwa ezingxenyeni ezithile, enhlabathini enamadwala noma ezitshalweni zasemanzini, ngokuhlangana okuhlukahlukene. Kwesinye isikhathi kwesinye “isibhedlela sokubeletha” kunamaqanda avela kwabesifazane abaningana.
Amaqanda anombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-violet ngombala, ezindaweni ezilula, ezindaweni ezicishe zibe nsundu ngombala, kanti ubukhulu busuka ku-2.2 kuye ku-2.25 mm. Ziboshelwe ndawonye, futhi zonke ndawonye zinamathele emhlabathini. I-clutch eyodwa iqukethe amaqanda ayi-1000 kuye kwayi-10000. Isisindo esiphelele silingana nebhola lethenisi.
Amaconsi e-Amber fat ayabonakala phakathi kwamaqanda. Inqubo yokuthuthuka ihlala amasonto ama-4-5, kuze kuvele isibungu eqandeni. Ngemuva kwalokho gazinga kukhula kuwo. Cishe isikhathi esingangonyaka, bahlala ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zolwandle, futhi bathwalwa amabanga amade njengamanje.
Zombili izibungu nezinhlanzi ezincane zigcwele i-zooplankton. Iminyaka yobudala eqoshiwe ye-greenling e-finned eyodwa yiminyaka eyi-12, kanti e-American greenling yiminyaka eyi-18. Futhi abesifazane be-toothy greenling baphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-25.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
- Ngesikhathi sokuzala, amanye amaduna anolaka kangangokuba angahlasela ngisho nomshintshi we-scuba.
- Ngemuva kokuzala, abesifazane bayahamba, kuthi abesilisa, sebekhulelise amaqanda, bahlale bekuqaphile. Kwesinye isikhathi owesilisa oyedwa ubhekela ukuhlangana okuningi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-caviar idliwa ngokushesha izilwane ezidlayo.
- Izinhlanzi ze-Scorpion zinomkhuba ongathandeki. Zinezinsipho ezicijile emphethweni we-dorsal, engxenyeni engezansi yazo kunezindlala ezinobuthi. Uma ujova, imizwa iyoba buhlungu isikhathi eside. Kodwa i-rasp ihlukile kwezinye izihlobo ngendlela esebenzayo yokuphila, ayidingi ukuzivikela okunjalo. Ngakho-ke, ungayikhetha ngokuphepha.
- Cishe eminyakeni eyi-7 eyedlule, kwashicilelwa i-athikili mayelana nomvini weLadoga neVolkhovskaya. Ehambele imakethe, umbhali wamangala ukubona umuntu ohlala eFar Eastern emashalofini, edayiswa emisha. Omunye waba nombono wokuthi umfula oluhlaza izinhlanzi, wabanjwa khona lapha emanzini amasha echibi. Kodwa-ke, ngokushesha exhawula ukuba ndikindiki kwakhe, umbhali wakhumbula ukuthi i-greenling iyisidli sasolwandle, futhi yabelana ngemibono enjalo ekhohlisayo.
Yini ephekwe ku-rasp?
Incazelo yezinhlanzi ze-rasp bekungeke kuphelele ngaphandle kokusho izinzuzo nezitsha okulungiselelwe ngakho. Inyama yenhlanzi yaziswa ngamaprotheni ayo agaya kalula, ama-omega acid angenasuturated, amavithamini A, C, PP, B, trace element, iron, iodine, selenium, phosphorus, bromine nokuningi.
Zonke lezi zinto ziqinisa isimiso sezinzwa, zibe nomthelela wokuvikela enhliziyweni, emithanjeni yegazi, endlala yegilo, isibindi, ziqinise amasosha omzimba, futhi zithuthukise nokusebenza kwengqondo. Izinzuzo zenhlanzi eluhlaza akunakuphikwa. Futhi, yize kunamafutha, inyama iphansi ngama-calories.
Izimo zihlanganisa ukungabekezelelani ngazinye nokuba khona kwezifo ezingalapheki zesisu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele ithathwe ngokuqapha abanenkinga yokungezwani komzimba nabesifazane abakhulelwe. Kepha lesi sigaba sabantu kufanele siqaphele ekukhetheni noma yikuphi ukudla.
Izinhlanzi ze-rasp zifakwa usawoti, zifakwe emanzini anosawoti, ziyabhenywa, ziyomiswa, ziyabiliswa, ziyisitshulu futhi ziyagcinwa. Izinketho zokupheka ezilusizo kakhulu ziyashisa noma zibhaka kufoyili. Ngaphambi kwalokho, izinhlanzi zigxishwe ukunambitha ngemifino, amakhambi, okusanhlamvu, ulamula, izinongo.
Imvamisa ungabona ukubhema okuluhlaza esitolo
Isobho lokudlwengula nalo limnandi ngokwedlulele, liyanelisa futhi liphilile kakhulu. Kepha, mhlawumbe, inhlanzi iveza izimfanelo zayo ezinhle lapho ibhenywa. Inyama ebucayi, ethambile, ethambile kancane enamathambo amancane kakhulu - ipharadesi le-gourmet. Ungenza isaladi ngotshani obuluhlaza obubhemayo, amaqanda, amazambane abilisiwe, namakhukhamba afakwe emanzini anosawoti.
Inhlanzi ye-Terpug imnandilokho kungabongwa kusuka kumenyu ezindaweni zokudlela ezibizayo. Kuvame ukufakwa phakathi kwezinye izitsha ze-gourmet. Ekhaya, ku-skillet, ithosiwe ngesilinganiso esanele samafutha phezu kokushisa okukhulu kuze kube nsundu nhlangothi zombili.
Bese behlisa umlilo bese bebamba imizuzu eyi-15. Ngaphambi kokupheka, kungakuhle ukuyigingqa kufulawa ngezinongo noma ezinkomeni zesinkwa sokudla. Inothi: iwayini elimhlophe elibucayi elingenalo iphunga elinamandla lingayifanelekela le nhlanzi.
