Unesimo esihle onogwaja bayizidlakela Sekungamakhulu eminyaka behlala eduze komuntu, bemnikeza inyama ethambile nesikhumba esihle kakhulu. Ekuqaleni kwakuwuhlobo olulodwa, lwabe selukhula lwaba iqembu lezinhlobo eziningana zezilwane.
Umlando wozalo
Umlando wemidondoshiya enendlebe ende waqala ngekhulu le-16, endaweni yase-East Flanders. Izinga lokuzala lanyatheliswa ngo-1893.
Unogwaja uzala impunga enkulu
Ekuqaleni, unogwaja ovela eFlanders wawungenandaba nabazalisi bemvundla baseYurophu. Kwaqala ukuqhuma konogwaja, okufike kwafinyelela umvuthwandaba wayo ngemuva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala.
Lesi sidlakela, esazalelwa eBelgium, sesibe uhlobo olufunwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-purebred Flemings yaba okhokho benye inyama nezinhlobo zomhlaba jikelele.
Kuze kube manje, imidondoshiya yeFlemish igcinwa kakhulu emazweni aseYurophu Ephakathi neseNyakatho. Imidondoshiya idinga ukudla okwengeziwe, kepha lezi zindleko zikhokhwa isisindo esikhulu sezilwane.
ERussia, umlando wokufuya konogwaja ubuyela emuva emakhulwini ayisishiyagalolunye eminyaka. Kusukela ngawo-1920, ukuzalaniswa konogwaja e-USSR kwaqala ukuthatha izici zezimboni.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1940, i- unogwaja impunga enkulu... I-chinchilla ekhuliswe e-Union kanye ne-grey giant yizimpumelelo zabafuyi basekhaya, ezisasetshenziswa abalimi baseRussia nabaseYurophu.
Incazelo kanye nezici zohlobo
AmaFlanders yizinga lohlobo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuqhathaniswa ne-mandolin.
Unogwaja omkhulu we-flandre
Ikhanda elikhulu lithweswe umqhele ngezindlebe ezinde, ezisethwe zibheka phezulu. Izindlebe ezivelele nomzimba omkhulu yikhadi lokushaya lolu hlobo.
Isisindo sokuqoshwa kwalesi sidlakela sidlula ama-20 kg ngobude bomzimba obungu-1.3 m. Abazalanisi balukhulise kakhulu uhlu lwemibala lapho ikhava yesilwane ingapendwa khona.
Izinga le-American Rabbit Breed Association (i-ARBA) libona imibala ehlukene eyi-7 yalolu hlobo: omnyama, insimbi, okumpunga okukhanyayo, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-fawn, isihlabathi nomhlophe. Kujwayelekile kakhulu unogwaja omkhulu esithombeni Ingabe insimbi enkulu empunga.
Izimpawu zekhwalithi yokuzala
Lapho kuhlolwa ukufaneleka kwesilwane, ochwepheshe babheka izinga lokuzala, eliqukethe ama-coefficients. Okwe-giant yezwekazi, uhlu lwama-coefficients lubukeka kanjena:
- Isakhiwo somzimba, ubukhulu, uhlobo: 20.
- Izici zesisindo: 10.
- Isimo sekhanda nendlebe: 20.
- Ikhwalithi yekhava: 25.
- Ukufaniswa kombala nezimpawu zokuzalela: 20.
- Izimo ezijwayelekile: 5.
Izinga lichaza kafushane ukuthi imingcele eyisisekelo yalolo hlobo kufanele ibe yini.
- Isakhiwo somzimba. Izitho ziqinile.
- Isisindo. Isilwane esikhulile kufanele sibe nesisindo okungenani esingu-7 kg.
- Inhloko nezindlebe. Ubude bendlebe bucishe bube yi-25% yabo bonke ubude bomzimba, kepha hhayi ngaphansi kuka-16 cm.
- Ikhava. Ingubo yangaphansi inala, iminyene, ithambile uma uyithinta.
- Umbala woboya. Imidondoshiya yezwekazi ihlukaniswe yaba mhlophe namakhaladi.
- Izimo ezijwayelekile. Ukuziphatha kwesilwane, ikhava akufanele iphakamise ukungabaza ngesimo sayo sempilo.
Izinhlobo
Kunemihlobo eminingana ethathwa njengemidondoshiya.
- Isidlakela saseBelgium — unogwaja inzalamizi. Uvame ukubizwa nge- "Flanders", "iFlemish giant".
Ngenxa yobunono bayo, unogwaja wabizwa ngegama lesidlakela esithi "giant giant". UFlandre unikeza abantu inyama nesikhumba, yingakho abizwa ngokuthi "unogwaja wendawo yonke". Isisindo sokuqoshwa kwesilwane singama-22 kg, isilinganiso siyi-7 kg.
Unogwaja omkhulu waseBelgium
- Umvundla omhlophe omkhulu... Ngawo-1920, onogwaja abamhlophe beza e-USSR.
Ochwepheshe bezilwane zasekhaya baqala ukuthuthukisa uhlobo. Kamuva, ngesisekelo semidondoshiya emhlophe, i-chinchilla yaseSoviet nezinye izinhlobo zazalwa.
Umvundla omhlophe omkhulu
- Isidlakela esimpunga... Emapulazini abalimi, ngokunakekelwa kahle, onogwaja badla kuze kufike ku-7 kg.
- Isidlakela saseBrithani - uhlobo oluthile olwaziwayo ngaphandle kweNgilandi. Imidondoshiya yaseBrithani yakhishwa kubo.
- Isiqhwaga saseSpain - uhlobo olusongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Kutholakale ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwe-giant emhlophe enezinhlobo zabomdabu baseSpain.
- Isiqhwaga saseJalimane... Ingaba nesisindo esingu-12 kg.
- Isiqhwaga saseHungary noma i-agouti yaseHungary. Isidlakela saseHungary kancane kancane sithathelwa indawo yizinhlobo zonogwaja zesimanje, ezikhiqizayo.
- Isidlakela sezwekazi... Izidlakela zaseJalimane ezalethwa eNgilandi zivela kubafuyi bendawo abathola imvundla bathola igama elithi "izwekazi".
Ukudideka kusaqhubeka ngokwemigomo. Abanye abafuye onogwaja babheka isiqhwaga sezwekazi njengohlobo oluzimele, abanye babona leli gama njengegama elifanayo lesiqhwaga saseJalimane, kanti abanye, ngaphansi kwegama elithi "izwekazi", basho bonke onogwaja abakhulu baseYurophu.
Unogwaja wenqama omkhulu
- URam - uhlobo olwalukhuliswe ngabazalisi bemvundla abangamaNgisi ngekhulu le-19. Isisindo esimaphakathi sezinqama zaseJalimane naseFrance singu-9 kg.
Ubuhle nobubi bohlobo
Ukuthola izimfanelo ezinhle nezimbi zezinhlobonhlobo zonogwaja, kufanelekile ukubheka, okokuqala, ekuqondisweni kohlobo. Lokhu kunezinzuzo zako.
- Uhlobo olukhulu lonogwaja - umthombo wenyama nezikhumba. Yomibili le mikhiqizo inekhwalithi enhle.
- Ubuningi bungezwa kwikhwalithi - kunenyama eningi, isikhumba sikhulu.
- Ukuzala ezilwaneni kulimala kakhulu. Abesilisa abavilaphi, bahlanganyele ngenkuthalo ekukhiqizeni.
- Imidondoshiya ngabazali abakhathalelayo. Abesifazane abazilahli izingane, bondla ngempumelelo inzalo yabo.
URiezen unogwaja olingana nenja
Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi imidondoshiya ayinakho ukwehla. Kepha uma ufisa, izimfanelo ezimbi zifaka:
- Ubukhulu obukhulu bezilwane budinga amakheji amakhulu.
- Onogwaja abakhulu badla kakhulu. Kepha okuhlangenwe nakho kukhombisa ukuthi inani lokuphakelayo ngeyunithi ngayinye yesisindo liyalingana nezinye izinhlobo.
Ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa
Ikheji yikhaya eliyinhloko lonogwaja. Ubukhulu bukanogwaja omkhulu phakamisa ikheji lezilinganiso ezihambisanayo: 1.8 m ekugcineni, 1 m ukujula, 0.7 m ukuphakama. Konogwaja abangashadile, amakheji amancane akhiwe: 1-1.2 m ububanzi, 0.75 m ukujula, 0.45-0.6 m ukuphakama.
Amakheji afakwa esibayeni, ezitezi ezimbili noma eshedeni (ngaphansi kombhede). Ngaphezu kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet, onogwaja kufanele bavikeleke kokungakapheli. Imidondoshiya izwela kakhulu ebumanzi nomoya opholile.
Izinyoni ezinkulu
Iziqhwaga zingonogwaja abahleli phansi. Ukugwema i-muscle atrophy, kungakuhle ukuthi ubakhiphe ehhokweni imizuzu eminingana nsuku zonke, ukubaphoqa ukuthi bahambe kancane.
Imiklamo ye-Cage yamapulazi amakhulu onogwaja namapulazi amancane abalimi ayafana. Uhlelo lokugoma lubandakanya ukugonyelwa amarabi, i-myxomatosis, ukopha konogwaja egazini njalonjalo.
Abafuyi abangochwepheshe balandela ngokuqinile uhlelo lokugoma. Ngemuva kwalokho amakheji ayahlanzwa futhi abulawe amagciwane, kuthengwa izilwane ezintsha, imfuyo ibuyiselwe ngokushesha.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, imifino esencane eyomile ifakwa ekudleni kwezilwane. Ngokungeziwe kufula, amagatsha e-birch, aspen, nama-conifers alungiselelwe ubusika.
Ebusika, izilwane zidla konke ukudla okulungiselelwe ehlobo. Ukudla kwabo kufaka izinto ezivamile konogwaja:
- utshani obomile ehlobo, ebusika - hay, ifolishi legatsha;
- okuphakelayo okuhlanganisiwe;
- Izingxube ze-cereal kanye nokwengezwa kwemidumba;
- izithako zamaminerali;
- mash (ingxube yemifino eqoshiwe).
Imithetho yokudla ilula. Imidondoshiya inikezwa ukudla okuningi, izithako zamaprotheni ziyaqiniswa ekudleni kwazo, okungukuthi, zinikezwa imidumba eyengeziwe.
Ngokuvamile, onogwaja abakhethi, banelisekile ngokudla okunolaka. Njengoba onogwaja bekhula, ingxenye yabesifazane iyanda.
Ungasidlisi ngokweqile isilwane. Ukudla ngokweqile nokuphila okunganyakazi kuholela ekukhuluphaleni, okuhambisana nokugula okuningi.
Lapho izilwane ezincane ziba nezinyanga eziyi-3-4 ubudala, kufika umzuzu wokuthatha isinqumo empilweni yazo. Ngakho-ke, onogwaja abanezinyanga ezine ubudala, ingxenye enkulu, bavunyelwe ukuthengiswa noma ukuhlatshwa.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Imidondoshiya yazo zonke izinhlobo ibonakala njengabazali abakhathalelayo futhi abavundile. Ukuzalela onogwaja abakhulu akunzima. Abesilisa abangaphezu kwezinyanga eziyi-6-7 nabesifazane abanezinyanga eziyisithupha bavunyelwe ukukhwelana.
Ukuthola inzalo engcono yemidondoshiya yeFlemish, kunconywa ukuthi ungagijimeli ukukhwelwa kokuqala. Hhayi ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala yezinyanga eziyi-8, ake owesilisa asondele kuye.
Silindele ukuvela kwenzalo, abesifazane bakha isidleke ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Kwenzeka ukuthi abesifazane babelethe amawundlu ayi-15 noma ngaphezulu.
Unogwaja onogwaja asebekhulile
Izinga lokusinda kwezingane lifinyelela kuma-90%. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, labo abanesibindi esikhulu bashiya isidleke isikhashana.
Isisindo sikanogwaja osanda kuzalwa akuvamile ukudlula ama-90 g. Osayizi abadala bafinyelela ezinyangeni eziyi-8 ubudala.
Impilo kanogwaja omkhulu ayiyinde kakhulu. Phakathi kwezilwane, kukhona izibindi ezinde, lapho umkhawulo uvela khona eminyakeni engu-6-8.
Intengo
Ukusatshalaliswa kwezilwane kunomthelela ekuthengiseni okusebenzayo kanye nokuhweba okuncane kakhulu konogwaja abaphilayo. Isilinganiso intengo kanogwaja omkhulu ngokuthenga ucezu kungama-ruble angama-400. Uhla lwamanani lubanzi ngokwanele - kusuka kuma-ruble angama-300 kuye kwayi-1000.
Intengo yezidumbu zikanogwaja incike kancani ohlotsheni olwahlatshwa inyama. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo, imidondoshiya kuphela engabonakala ngesidumbu, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obugqamile.
Ukubuyekeza
Isifunda saseMoscow, P., umuntu ohola impesheni
Uthathe umhlalaphansi. Yilokho isiqhwaga esiyikho!
Indawo yasePerm, der. USukhoi Log, uPrigozhina L.I., umfuyi wonogwaja onolwazi
Sigcine onogwaja impilo yethu yonke. Kukhona inyama eyanele thina, abantu abadala, nezingane ezinabazukulu.
Isifunda saseNovgorod, der. I., umama wekhaya
Ngesikhathi eqala imidondoshiya empunga wayesaba izinto ezimbili. Ngijabule ngemidondoshiya!
