Ihhashi laseMongolia - izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zehhashi lasekhaya elingelomndeni we-equine. Isici samahhashi ukuthi angaphansi kwezilwane ezingajwayelekile. Umlenze wehhashi ngalinye unozwane olulodwa, oluhlanganiswe ngenselo.
Imvelaphi yehhashi laseMongolia ayikasungulwa ngokunembile. Izizwe zaseMongolia zisebenzise amahhashi njengokugibela nokupakisha izilwane amakhulu eminyaka. Ngezinye izikhathi zazifakwa ezinqoleni. Cishe amahhashi aseMongolia awazange enze umsebenzi wokubhala. Ukuchuma kohlobo kuhlotshaniswa nokwakhiwa kombuso waseMongol (ikhulu le-XII), ukubusa kukaGenghis Khan, ukunqoba kwabamahhashi bakhe abadumile.
Sekungamakhulu eminyaka kungakashintshi ukubukeka nobunjalo bayo Izinhlobo zamahhashi aseMongolia... Ngaphakathi kwemingcele yombuso waseMongolia kwakukhona izindawo lapho amanye amahhashi amade futhi amancane ayesakazeke khona. Ngokwemvelo, bahlangana nohlobo lwaseMongolia, kepha abakwazanga ukuba nethonya elibonakalayo kulo.
Mhlawumbe isizathu salokhu silele esimweni seMongolia. Leli zwe liyi-steppe elisendaweni ephakeme ye-1000-1200 m futhi lizungezwe izinhlangothi zezintaba kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Ebusika nasehlobo, isimo sezulu esishisayo sezwekazi siyazibonakalisa. Izinga lokushisa, kuye ngesizini, liphakathi kuka -40 ° С kuye + 30 ° С.
Imimoya enamandla ivamile. Ukukhethwa kwemvelo kulondoloze izimfanelo zokuzalwa ezitholakala kumahhashi aseMongolia. Osayizi baseYurophu, umusa wase-Arabia unikeze indlela yokukhuthazela, isiqu esifushane nokungathobeki.
Incazelo nezici
Ngesikhathi sokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ihhashi laseMongolia lasungula izindlela zokumelana nesinye sezitha eziyinhloko - ukubanda. Ukwakhiwa okuhlanganisiwe, imfucuza kanye nomzimba ocishe ube ngama-cylindrical kunciphisa ukulahleka kokushisa.
Ngokudla okunesizotha, umzimba wehhashi uyakwazi ukufaka inani elithile lamafutha, izingqimba zawo, kanye nesembozo soboya obukhulu, ezakha "izingubo" ezivikela izitho zangaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amafutha ayinqolobane yamandla uma kwenzeka kukhona ukudla.
Umzimba omncane unekhanda elikhulu eline-profile convex emakhaleni nasebunzini elibanzi. Ikhanda lisekelwa intamo emfushane, enemisipha. Ukubuna kutholakala ngokwesilinganiso esingu-130 cm ngaphezu komhlaba. Ingemuva kanye neqhwa akunakuphambuka, kubanzi. Umsila ubekwe phezulu esiqwini esilele.
Isifuba sibanzi. I-ribcage emise umgqomo idlulela esiswini esikhulu. Umzimba uhlala emilenzeni emifushane, emikhulu. Umhlwenga nomsila kuhlukaniswa yizinwele ezinde neziwugqinsi. Imicu yakhe isetshenziselwa ukuluka izintambo. Izinwele zePonytail zivame ukusetshenziselwa isiko eliphakeme: iminsalo yezinsimbi zomculo zenziwa ngayo.
Izinselo zamahhashi bezilokhu zikhathaza ngokukhethekile abafuyi bamahhashi. Kusetshenziswa amahhashi ukuwalondoloza, awavikele emifantwini nasekulimaleni. Kepha lokhu akusebenzi kumahhashi nezimbuzi zaseMongolia. Izinselo zazo zishiywa zinjalo. Banamandla futhi abekho ekubhujisweni. Ngenxa yalokhu, umkhandi wensimbi ngumsebenzi ongajwayelekile futhi ongafuneki kangako eMongolia.
Amahhashi aseMongolia ahluke kakhulu ngombala. Kodwa abanikazi babo banezintandokazi, ngenxa yalokho, endaweni ethile, izilwane zanoma iyiphi i-suit eyodwa ziqala ukunqoba. Imvamisa, abafuyi bamahhashi baphakamisa amahhashi ombala othile ngokuya ngezidingo zemakethe. AmaShayina, ngokwesibonelo, maningi amathuba okuthi athenge amahhashi amhlophe nampunga.
Kwakukholelwa ukuthi izakhi zofuzo zehhashi iPrzewalski zilele esisekelweni sohlobo lwaseMongolia. Ngo-2011, lo mbono waphikiswa. Ucwaningo oluningiliziwe lofuzo lukhombisile ukuthi i-Asiatic yasendle ayizali amahhashi nama-mares aseMongolia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihhashi likaPrzewalski alizange libambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwehhashi lasekhaya nhlobo.
Izinga elijwayelekile
Ngokwesiko, zonke izinhlobo zamahhashi zehlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili ayisisekelo. Lawa ngamahhashi akhuliswe emapulazini amahhashi nasezinhlotsheni zasendaweni. Indawo nayo ihlukaniswe intaba, inyakatho, nayo iyihlathi ne-steppe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahhashi ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu ngokuya ngezici ezijwayelekile zokwakheka komzimba. It:
- AmaNori noma amahhashi aseYurophu,
- amahhashi asempumalanga noma ase-Arabia,
- Amahhashi aseMongolia.
Ngokusobala, ayikho indinganiso yokuzalanisa yamahhashi aseMongolia asendle njengedokhumende eligunyazwe yinoma iyiphi inhlangano yomhlaba wonke. Izinga lehhashi laseMongolia lingabhekwa njengelichaza izici eziyinhloko ezitholakala kulo.
- Izwe Lokudabuka: IMongolia.
- Lolu hlobo belulokhu luyingxenye ebalulekile yesiko lamaMongol. Ukunqoba izindawo ezinkulu, amaMongol asakaza izici zohlobo lwamahhashi abo.
- Izinhlobo:
- Izimo zomuntu nezesimo sezulu bezilokhu zithinta lolu hlobo lwezinkulungwane zamakhulu eminyaka. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakhiwa izinhlobo ezine zohlobo:
- Ihlathi yilona hlobo olukhulu futhi olusinda kakhulu.
- I-Steppe wuhlobo oluncane, olusheshayo futhi oluqinile.
- Intaba - uhlobo olumaphakathi, olufana nohlobo lwaseSiberia Altai.
- IGobi (ugwadule) - uhlobo olungaphansi. Impilo yasogwadule yenze umbala wala mahhashi wakhanya kakhulu.
- Ngokwesiko, lapho kukalwa ubude, kusetshenziswa iyunithi elingana nobubanzi besundu. Ukuphakama ekubuneni yizintende eziyi-12-14, noma ohlelweni lwe-metric, cishe u-122-142 cm.
- Umthethosisekelo: ikhanda liyasinda, intamo mfushane, umzimba ubanzi, imilenze ayimide ngamajoyinti aqinile, izinselo zizinzile futhi ziqinile.
- Umbala: noma imuphi umbala uvunyelwe. Ihhashi laseMongolia esithombeni ivame ukukhombisa isudi enzima kunayo yonke.
- Isimo: ukulinganisela, ukuphatha.
- Inhloso enkulu: ukugibela ihhashi, ukuthuthwa kwepakethe yezimpahla. Kwesinye isikhathi ihhashi laseMongolia liboshelwa enqoleni. Ama-mares angumthombo wobisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyama, isikhumba, izinwele zehhashi zitholakala kumahhashi.
Ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa
Lapho kugcinwa amahhashi, amaMongol anamathela emasikweni akudala. Amahhashi agcinwa emihlambini ebusika nasehlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imihlambi isebenza cishe ngokuzimela. Bangathola izindawo ezinenala yokudla ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu.
Abelusi bahamba beyofuna amahhashi uma kwenzeka bengekho isikhathi eside noma ekuqaleni kokuthuthela komndeni oyimizulane endaweni entsha. Imihlambi kanye neqembu lomndeni waseMongolia bakha, njengokungathi, bayimbumba eyodwa. Yize ama-yurts namahhashi kungahlukaniswa ngamakhilomitha amaningi.
Okuqukethwe ebusika kwehluka kancane ehlobo. Ukuphela kwento ukuthi emihlambini bathola izindawo ezivikelekile emoyeni ngotshani obungaqutshwa ehlobo. Isithwathwa singena esikhundleni samanzi ngamahhashi. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, amahhashi aseMongolia ancipha ngesisindo sesithathu.
Uma isisindo esilahlekile ehlobo singabuyiswa, ihhashi lizofa ebusika obulandelayo. Ngeshwa, amacala okufa kwabantu abaningi ebusika amahhashi awavamile. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuMashi 2010, kwafa cishe amahhashi ayizinkulungwane ezingama-200 aseMongolia.
Amahhashi amaningana asetshenziswa ngqo yimihambima. Uma kunesidingo sokufaka ihhashi elisha ngaphansi kwesihlalo, liyabanjwa futhi lizungezwe. Okwembatha kanye amahhashi aseMongolia, yize ejwayele impilo yamahhala, yiba ngumphathi futhi ulalele ngokwanele.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Umndeni we-equine uqukethe ama-mares amaningana ne-stallion. Ihhashi laseMongolia uhola futhi avikele abangane bakhe. Umhlambi ungaba nomndeni owodwa noma ngaphezulu. Amahhashi aseMongolia, ngobuningi bawo, azala ngokwemvelo. Isikhathi sokutholakala kwama-mares amaningi siqala ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Imvelo ibaliwe ukuthi ukuzalwa kwenkonyane kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuvela kotshani obumnandi entwasahlobo.
Ama-mares azala futhi azala ngempumelelo amathole ahlukaniswe nomhlambi jikelele. Isikhathi sabo sokuncelisa siyaqala, futhi ubisi lwe-mare lubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuvimbela intsha ekuthatheni amaMongol lokho ecabanga ukuthi kungokwayo, amankonyane agcinwa eboshiwe usuku lonke. Kusebusuku kuphela lapho zivunyelwe khona embeleni kanina.
Lapho selinezinyanga ezintathu ubudala, inkonyane lishintshela ngokuphelele emadlelweni. Ngenxa yalokho, iwundlu lehhashi lijwayele kusukela ekuzalweni liye ekudleni okungafanele. Ekugcineni, nokho, lokhu akuwenzi buthakathaka amahhashi asemancane kanye nezinhlobo zizonke.
Ukunyakaza okujwayelekile kokuthuthukisa izinhlobo kuthinte amahhashi aseMongolia. Bazama ukuwawela ngezinhlobo ezinkudlwana, ngethemba lokuthola ihhashi eliqinile, elenziwe kahle futhi eliqinile. Akubona bonke abalimi bamahhashi ababheka lezi zifiso njengezilungile. Umphumela wemisebenzi enjalo kungaba ukulahleka kohlobo lweMongolia.
Kukholakala ukuthi ihhashi laseMongolia lingaphila iminyaka engama-20-30. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuze kube yilapho esekhulile, ugcina ukusebenza okuhle. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ezinsukwini zakudala, amakhabishi ayethenga amahhashi asuswe ngeminyaka ebuthweni ngemali encane. Njengoba ayeseyekile ukuba amasosha, amahhashi aseMongolia ayehlala egibela ikalishi iminyaka eminingana.
Intengo
Ukuhweba ngamahhashi sekukhona amakhulu eminyaka. Akuhlukaniswanga ngobuningi nokudayisa. Ngaphezu kwendali ehleliwe, kukhona ukuthengisa kwangasese. Indlela yamanani eyedwa. Ku-Intanethi ungathola izikhangiso zokuthengiswa kwehhashi laseMongolia ngama- $ 500.
Leli nani mhlawumbe liyisisekelo sezindleko. Umbundu ophezulu ungaphezu kwe- $ 5,000. Ihhashi, noma elohlobo olungahlonipheki njengeMongolian, lidinga izindleko zokuligcina. ngakho-ke inani lohlobo lwamahhashi aseMongolia akunqunyelwe kwinani elichithwe ekuthengeni nasekulethweni kwalo.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
- Izizwe ezingamaMongol ezifudukayo bezihlale ziliphatha ngokucophelela leli hhashi. Ukuze kubonakale unya, umnikazi wayengathatha ihhashi, futhi azixoshe esizweni.
- Ngekhulu le-12, insizakalo ye-urton yavela eMongolia. Lolu uhlelo lokuletha imiyalezo edonswa ngamahhashi ngokuhlelwa kwemigwaqo, iziteshi zokushintsha amahhashi, imithombo. Abalingiswa abaphambili kwakungabagibeli bamahhashi namahhashi aseMongolia. EYurophu, isikhungo sezithunywa sahlelwa kancane kancane emakhulwini amabili eminyaka kamuva.
- Isudi yeChubaray (ingwe) ayitholakali kaningi phakathi kwamahhashi. Izithunywa zomuntu siqu, izithunywa zikaGenghis Khan zazisebenzisa amahhashi angaphambili. Kwakuyi-analogue yasendulo yezibani zamanje ezikhanyayo ezimotweni ezikhungweni zezikhulu eziphezulu.
- UGenghis Khan ushone ngokuzumayo eneminyaka engama-65. Isizathu sokufa kombusi sibizwa ngokuthi: ukugula, inxeba elitholwe yinkosazana yaseTangut ethunjiwe. Enye yezinguqulo eziyinhloko ukuwa kwehhashi. Okukhumbuza kakhulu "ukufa ngehhashi lakhe."
- Impi Enkulu Yobuzwe yenza amasosha amahhala aseMongolia amahhala. Ebuthweni, njalo ihhashi lesihlanu lalivela eMongolia. Kusukela ngo-1941 kuya ku-1945, kwangeniswa cishe amakhanda ayisigamu samahhashi asezintabeni ezweni lethu.
- Ukukhumbula ukusebenza kanzima nokuchitha igazi eMpini Enkulu Yobuzwe, eMoscow kwafakwa futhi kwavulwa ngokuqinile Isikhumbuzo sehhashi laseMongolia... Lokhu kwenzeka ngoMeyi 5, 2017 ePoklonnaya Hill. Itshe lesikhumbuzo ladalwa ngumqophi u-Ayurzan Ochirbold.
IMongolia yizwe elilingana kakhulu emhlabeni. Inani labantu lingaphezudlwana kwezigidi ezintathu zabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-200. Imihlambi yaseMongolia inamakhanda ayizigidi ezimbili. Lokho wukuthi, kubantu abathathu kukhona amahhashi ama-2. Isilinganiso sishintsha njalo futhi asihambisani namahhashi angaphansi, aqinile, aphambukayo.
