Isihlobo sejuba lomuzi, isihlobo asikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngemibala egqamile nothando ngabantu. Inyoni yaseKlintukh - ohlala emahlathini akude, okuluhlobo oluncane emndenini wejuba.
Incazelo nezici
Ukubukeka kwe-klintukh kufana kakhulu nokubonakala kwejuba, okwaziwa yiwo wonke umuntu ngokuba khona kwalo njalo emapaki, ezigcawini nasemigwaqweni yasedolobheni. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zezinhlobo azikhulu ngosayizi, zingaphansi kancane ngosayizi wejuba ledwala - ubude bomzimba obufinyelela kuma-36 cm, isisindo esingama-300 g, amaphiko angaba ngu-70 cm.
Ngokungafani nokuzalwa kwayo, i-clintuch inekhanda elikhudlwana nomsila omfushane. Ochungechungeni lwamajuba afanayo angaphandle, i-cisar, i-Eurasia izinkuni ijuba kanye klintukh zivame ukuqhathaniswa nezinye. Zonke lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zibonakaliswa yimpaphe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, umbala wobhedu entanyeni.
I-Klintukha ihlukaniswa nge-monotony yombala, ehlanjululwa kancane ngemivimbo engabonakali emaphikweni. Izimpaphe zokundiza nonqenqema lomsila kumnyama. Uma ubheka le nyoni ngezansi, khona-ke uhlangothi olungaphambili lwephiko lubonwa njengomthofu emthunzini, isisu sicishe silingane ngombala. Azikho izindawo ezikhanyayo, njengejuba, ejuba. Azikho izinguquko zonyaka ngombala.
Umthethosivivinywa ubomvu ngokubomvu, uphuzi ekugcineni. Amehlo amnyama, acishe abe mnyama. Ezinyonini ezindala, imilenze ibomvu, kuma-juveniles, imilenze i-pinki-grey. Ukuhlukanisa phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane kunzima. Abesifazane bahlukaniswa ngomlomo omnyama nezimpaphe, okuyingxenye yetoni elula ukwedlula leyo yabesilisa.
Izilwane ezincane zingabonakala ngombala wazo onsundu. Abanayo insimbi yensimbi entanyeni yabo okwamanje. I-molt yezinyoni ayifundwa kangako. Kodwa uhlelo olujwayelekile lusondele kwezinye izinhlobo zamajuba - ukuguqulwa okuphelele kwengubo kwenzeka kanye ngonyaka. Ukundiza kwamajuba ehlathi kunomfutho. Lapho isuka, kuzwakala impempe ebukhali yamaphiko, efana naleyo yamajuba ansundu.
Inyoni yehlathi iqaphe ngokweqile, icashe emiqhele yemithi kunoma iyiphi ingozi. Ungahlangana neklintukh emahlathini aseYurophu, e-Asia, engxenyeni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika. Igwema izindawo eziphakeme kakhulu. ERussia, i-clintuch isatshalaliswa kulo lonke ihlathi, ihlathi le-steppe zone. Ezindaweni ze-Urals, eNtshonalanga yeSiberia, i-clintukh ayisekho lapho.
Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, le nyoni ihamba impilo yokuhlala noma yokufuduka. Inani lezinyoni ezifudukayo liyanda liya ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zebanga. Uchitha izindawo zokuhlala ebusika eningizimu yeYurophu, eMiddle East. Ezindizeni zokuzilibazisa, ukhetha izindawo ezingafinyeleleki ezilwaneni eziningi ezidlayo, ekhombisa ukuqaphela kwemvelo.
UKlintukh uziphatha ngokuthula, ngokungabonakali, ngasese. Ungakuzwa ukukhala kwakhe isikhathi eside ngokuphindaphinda okuyisici kwemisindo engavumelani. Kuthulekile izwi liklintukh isatshalaliswa kusuka ekujuleni komqhele, inyoni uqobo lwayo kaningi ayibonakali.
Isibalo samajuba ehlathi siyancipha. Ngaphezu kwezici ezingezinhle zemvelo, izizathu zilele emisebenzini yabantu, lapho izinyoni zigwema ukuxhumana, ngokungafani nezihlobo zazo ezisemadolobheni.
Ukuhlala emadolobheni ezindaweni ezakhelene nezindawo zokuhlala, ukwakhiwa kwamasimu, kanye nemikhawulo yokuhlwanyelwa kwezitshalo zokusanhlamvu kuphazamisa izidleke zezinyoni zendabuko. Umsebenzi wokwakha kabusha izihlahla ezindala eziyize, ikakhulukazi izihlahla zikalamula, kuholela ekwehlisweni kwesibalo sabantu abangama-clintuch.
Izinhlobo
Ama-subspecies amaKlintukh ahlukaniswa yindawo yawo yokuhlala ezingxenyeni ezisempumalanga nasentshonalanga yebanga. Izinyoni zaseNtshonalanga zihlala phansi, izinyoni zasempumalanga ziyafuduka. Izinyoni ezihlala phansi kaningi, ngaphezu kwama-biotopu wendabuko, zisondela lapho kuhlala khona abantu ezindaweni zokuhlala, bazi kahle izinkwali ezilahliwe, izindawo zokwakha izidleke, amapaki amadala nophahla lwezakhiwo ezishiyiwe.
Amajuba amahlathi ashiya indawo yawo yokuhlala ebusika kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, eya olwandle olumnyama, eSpain, eFrance. Zibuya cishe maphakathi no-Mashi.
Abantu basempumalanga bahlukaniswa izimpaphe ezilula, yize umehluko unemibandela kakhulu. Amajuba afudukayo ngabantu abahlala emahlathini abavikela izindawo zokuhlala abantu.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Ukuphila okunethezekile clintuch ikhetha amahlathi amancane anotshani obuvulekile, izingilazi nezindawo zokugawula. Ukutshala izihlahla ezinamabala ngaphandle kwamasimu nasemigwaqweni kuyakhanga ezinyonini. AmaClintuchs awavamile kakhulu ezindaweni ezinamahlathi aqhubekayo, ngoba izindawo eziyizimbuzi eziyinhloko zihlotshaniswa kakhulu nezindawo ezivulekile.
Ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinezintaba kuyinto ehlukile kunokuvamile. AmaKlintukhs aziwa ukuthi atholakala ezintabeni ze-Atlas endaweni ephakeme engafika kuma-2300 m, kepha avame ukutholakala ezindaweni eziyizicaba ezinokuphakama okuncane.
Ukuba khona kwezihlahla ezindala eziyize kuyinto ebalulekile endaweni yezinyoni. Uhlobo lwehlathi alubalulekile kangako - ngomuthi we-oki, ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu, ngesihlahla se-birch, sedge, beech, ngamabhande ehlathi ahlanganisiwe, ungathola ihlathi clintuha.
Leli kuphela kwejuba elikhetha izimbobo ezinkulu zokwakha izidleke. Ukugawulwa kwezihlahla ezindala kwenza izinyoni zishiye izindawo zazo ezijwayelekile, zihlale emifantwini, emigodini emithambekeni engasogwini, emahlathini angaphansi kweziqu eziphakeme.
Izinyoni azivamile ukubuthana ngemihlambi emikhulu, ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokundiza. Imvamisa zihlala ngamaqembu amancane abantu aba-5-7. Ukufuduka kwezinyoni akuhlotshaniswa nanoma iyiphi inhlangano yokulwa. Ukuthatha ijuba clintuch okulungiselelwe kusukela maphakathi no-Agasti.
Kuze kube ngu-Okthoba, imihlambi emincane yezinyoni ishiya izindawo zokwakha izidleke. Azenzi amaqoqo amakhulu afudukayo, zingandiza ngababili noma zodwa. Endleleni, izinyoni zichitha ubusuku ezindaweni ezinombono omuhle, azihleli phansi, zikhetha izihlahla ezinomqhele ominyene.
Amasentela ahlala ezindaweni eziqongweni zeziqu. Uma kunengozi, zisakazeka ngomsindo nomhlambi wonke. Uma endleleni bengayitholi indawo efanelekayo ehlathini, bangachitha ubusuku egqumeni eliphakeme. Ezindaweni zokondla nokunisela, ama-klintukhs avame ukuxubana namajuba enkuni, amahobhe, amajuba namajuba ansundu, akha imihlambi exubile.
Ngokwemvelo, ijuba lehlathi linezitha eziningi zemvelo. Ukudliwa kwe-marten ebulala isidleke kuyingozi ikakhulukazi. Phakathi kwezinyoni, i-goshawk, i-sparrowhawk, ne-peregrine falcon zizingela ama-klintukhs.
Izitha ze-klintukh zingamagwababa nezimpisi, zingena emagcekeni esidleke, isikhova esikhuthaziwe. Amajuba amahlathi aba yizisulu zezilwane ezihlasela kakhulu ngezikhathi zokufuduka, lapho ezihlala emhlambini. Abantu abodwa, ngenxa yokuhamba ngendiza nokuqonda kwemvelo, mancane amathuba okuthi babe yizisulu zezitha.
Umsebenzi weClintuch uboniswa ikakhulukazi emini. Ekuseni nakusihlwa, izinyoni zimatasa zidla emakhazeni avulekile, emadlelweni, ngezikhathi ezishisayo zicasha ehlathini. Azindizeli kude nezidleke. Izingxenye ezivulekile zemifula namanye amadamu akhethelwa ukuchelela.
Bagcina ukuthintana kwezwi ngokuthula ngokukhala, okuzwakala ekuseni nakusihlwa. Bathutheleka ubusuku kusihlwa, bahlala emagatsheni ngisho nalapho kuqala ubumnyama bangempela.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukudla kukaKlintukh kuqukethe okuphakelayo kwezitshalo nezilwane. Iningi lazo liyimbewu yezitshalo ezahlukahlukene: izinhlobo ezingama-29 zezinhlobo zasendle nezinhlobo eziyi-8 zokutshalwa kwezolimo. Phakathi kwakho konke okuphakelayo okufundwayo, okulandelayo kuhlukaniswa nobuningi bokusetshenziswa:
- ukolweni, uphizi wevetch, uphizi onoboya;
- uphizi olunamakhasi amancane, ispurge, inhloko-khanda, i-buckwheat, amabele, i-rye
- udali, ibhali, amajikijolo asendle, ama-acorn, imbewu yezitshalo zasendle.
Le nyoni icosha izinhlobo zezitshalo ezitshaliwe kaningi entwasahlobo, ekuqaleni kwehlobo, izinhlobo zasendle zisekela izinyoni njalo, ikakhulukazi ekwindla, lapho amasimu ezolimo engenalutho. Ukudla kufaka amantongomane e-beech, imbewu yephayini, izitshalo ezinomsoco - i-quinoa, i-sorrel.
Izinyoni zicosha ukudla phansi, azikhiphi izitshalo, izindlebe ezimile, azikaze zingene ezinqwabeni ezivunwayo ezimile emasimini. Izitshalo zokusanhlamvu ezigundiwe zimele inkululeko yangempela yezinyoni.
Ingxenye encane kakhulu yokudla ukudla kwezilwane. Isidingo sayo sivela entwasahlobo, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane ngenkathi yokuzalanisa. Izinambuzane eziningi, ama-mollusks asemanzini, omhlaba, izibungu, iziphungumangathi zezimvemvane ziba ukudla.
Ukuze zigaye ukudla, izinyoni zicosha amatshe amancane. Ama-Gastroliths asiza ukubhekana ne-roughage, inani labo liyanda esiswini sezinyoni ngokuqala kwekwindla. Ngesikhathi sasebusika izimpilo ze-clintuch budebuduze namachashazi ancibilikile, kugcinwa umhlaba wezolimo oseduzane
Imikhuba yokudla yama-clintuchs iyashintsha kusuka endaweni yokuhlala. Esiswini sezinyoni ezahlukahlukene, bathola izidumbu zelayisi, imbewu yommbila, ubhekilanga, izikhumba zezibungu, imidumba. Ngokuya ngocwaningo, i-clintuh idla kusuka ku-8 kuye ku-28 g wokuphakelayo ekudleni ngakunye, okufika ku-9.5% wesisindo sayo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ngemuva kokufika, imihlambi emincane ihlukaniswe ngababili, eqala ukwakha izidleke ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Ukukhethwa kwesiza kwenziwa ngabesilisa abathola umgodi ofanele, umgodi ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokubhangqa.
Uma kunezindawo zokwakha ngokwanele, ama-clintuchs akha amakoloni aphelele, lapho aphathana kahle khona. Izinyoni ezingabokufika zixoshwa ngobudlova ezindaweni zazo, zishaya ngoqhwaku nangamaphiko ohlasela.
Ukukhwelana kwamadoda kuzwakala ekuseni nakusihlwa. I-goiter yenyoni ivuvukala kakhulu, ukwenziwa kwekhanda okufanayo kufakwe. Ingoma iyaphindwa kuze kube izikhathi ezingama-20. UKlintukh esithombeni ngesikhathi sokuzalisa, kuvame ukuboniswa ngomsila opholile, osakaze amaphiko.
Inyoni ihlela endaweni evulekile. Uma ukuphakama kulahlekile, i-clintuch yenza ukushwiba okubukhali futhi iqhubeke nokundiza kuze kufike esihlahleni esilandelayo. Ihlala emagatsheni aphakeme, ama-cooes, bese yenza enye indiza eya kolunye uhlangothi.
Izindiza zamanje ziyisimo sokubonisa, izinyoni zisuka endaweni yokwakha izidleke zize zifike ku-500-800 m, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ibanga elide, kuze kufike ku-2 km. Ngemuva kokuhehwa ngempumelelo kwabesifazane, izindiza ziyama. Insikazi yakha isidleke emgodini, kuthi owesilisa eze nezinto ezidingekayo, ezinamaqabunga omisiwe, amahlumela amancane nomsila. Kuthatha izinsuku ezi-6-10 ukwakha ulwelwesi emgodini.
Ku-clutch kuvame ukuba namaqanda ayi-1-2, kwesinye isikhathi abekwa othulini lomuthi womgodi. Ngesikhathi sehlobo, izinyoni ziyakwazi ukukhulisa isizukulwane esisha samachwane amahlandla ama-2-4, kuye ngezimo zezulu.
Ukufukamela kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-18, bobabili abalingani babamba iqhaza kukho. Amachwane achanyuswayo awasizi ngalutho futhi adinga ukufudunyezwa. Ngemuva kwesonto, insikazi ishiya amaphuphu wodwa usuku lonke, kodwa ibuye ebusuku izolala ndawonye.
Kusukela ezinsukwini ezingama-4-6 ukukhula kwezimpaphe kuyaqala, okuphela cishe inyanga. Bobabili abazali babambe iqhaza ekondleni. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, imvuthu idinga ukudla okunomsoco izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngosuku, ngemuva kwesonto ziguqula ukudla oku-2 ngosuku. Ngosuku lwama-25 kuya kwangu-27, amaphuphu ashiya isidleke, kodwa elinye isonto aseduze nomgodi, lapho abazali bawo babondla khona.
Abancane bahlangana emihlambini emincane, befuna ukudla ngokwabo. Isikhathi sokuphila sezinyoni emvelweni sineminyaka engama-3-4 kuphela. Ukuthuthuka nokuhlala kwezinyoni ezimweni eziphephile kukhulisa kakhulu isikhathi ngezikhathi ezingama-2-3. Intshisekelo yamajuba amahlathi iwavumela ukuba agcine futhi alondoloze inani lawo.
