I-Primorsky Krai itholakala empumalanga yezwekazi lase-Eurasia, ngasogwini loLwandle lwaseJapan. Enyakatho, iPrimorye iseduze neKhabarovsk Territory. Entshonalanga, kunemingcele neChina. Kunengxenye encane yomngcele neKorea eningizimu-ntshonalanga.
Ingxenye yomugqa wemingcele - i-1500 km - ugu lolwandle. Izintaba ziyingxenye eyinhloko yezwe. Ama-20% kuphela ayindawo eyisicaba. Ukuba seduze kolwandle nesimo sezulu sezulu esipholile kudala izimo zezilwane ezahlukahlukene ukuze zichume ePrimorye.
Izilwane Ezincelisayo ZasePrimorye
Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-80 zezilwane ezincelisayo ezidlayo nezidlayo zihlala futhi zizalele ePrimorsky Territory. Ama-Ussuri tiger nezingwe zase-Amur yizona ezidume kakhulu Izilwane ezibomvu zezincwadi zePrimorsky Krai.
Ingwe ye-Amur
Isilwane sinegama eliphakathi nendawo - ingwe yaseMpumalanga Ekude. Umzingeli onobungcweti, ovumelane ngokuphelele nempilo ye-taiga, akakwazanga ukumelana nokuzingela ngokungemthetho, imisebenzi yezomnotho yabantu kanye nokuzalanisa okusondelene kakhulu.
Inani lezilwane ePrimorye liqhwa onqenqemeni lokuqothulwa okuphelele: abekho ngaphezu kwabantu abangama-85-90. Umbuzo ubhebhethekiswa ukukhiqizwa kancane kwezingwe: abesifazane baletha amakati angu-1-2 kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu.
Izingwe ezindala zinesisindo esingu-50-60 kg. Bagqoke uboya obukhulu obukhulu obunezimpawu ezihlukile zokuvikela ukushisa. Iphethini yoboya ijwayelekile, equkethe izindawo ezimnyama ngemuva kwesihlabathi. Kuma-subspecies aseMpumalanga Ekude, umbala awutholakali ngandlela thile kunezihlobo eziseningizimu.
Ingwe izingela ngaphakathi kwendawo yayo engamamitha-skwele angama-200-300. km. Ama-ungulates, izingulube zasendle, nezinyoni ezisenyakatho ziba isisulu somzingeli. Ukudla kungaqukatha izinambuzane, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini, inhlanzi. Ukudla kwamaprotheni kuvumela ingwe ukuba iphile iminyaka eyi-15.
Ingwe yama-Amur
Izilwane Primorsky Territory inama ikati elidlayo elingajwayelekile - ihlosi lama-Amur. Igama lesibili lomzingeli yi-Ussuri tiger. Kuyinto enkulu kunawo wonke ama-tiger subspecies ayisithupha akhona.
Kwaphela isikhathi eside esatshiswa ngokunyamalala ngokuphelele. Isibalo samanje sabantu esincane kodwa esizinzile cishe ngabantu abayi-450-500. Imizamo yokongiwa kwemvelo ikhiqiza ukwanda okuncane okuncane kwenani lezilwane ezidla ezinye.
Isidumbu sePrimorsky sihlukaniswa ngengubo yangaphansi ejiyile, umbala okhanyayo kanye nokuba khona koqweqwe olubalulekile lwamafutha angaphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-Amur subspecies anemilenze emifushane, umsila ovulekile nezindlebe ezincane.
Ingwe yisilwane sendawo. Indoda ibheka indawo efinyelela kumamitha-skwele angama-800 njengezindawo zayo zokuzingela. km, owesifazane unezinhlawulo ezingaba uhhafu. Ingwe izingela ama-taiga artiodactyls: izinyamazane nama-bovids. Ungahlasela izingulube zasendle, amabhere. Amacala okuhlaselwa kwabantu ayivelakancane.
Ibhere laseHimalaya
Kuma-subspecies ayi-7 ebhere laseHimalaya, eyodwa ihlala ePrimorye - ibhere lase-Ussuri elibelethwe mhlophe. Ibhere lenza kahle emahlathini ahlabayo noma axubekile.
Lesi silwane sincane ngosayizi waso onsundu: sinesisindo esingu-120-140 kg. Idla ngokudla okuluhlaza, kokutshala, ngaphambi kwesikhathi uma kungenzeka, ayikudeleli ukubola. Ulaka kakhulu, kufaka phakathi abantu.
Inani eliphelele lebhere le-Ussuri ngamakhanda ayizinkulungwane eziningana. Inani lezilwane lithonywe kakhulu ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi nokulahleka kwamahlathi. EMpumalanga, kudingwa izidladla nenyongo yesilwane. Ukuvinjelwa kokuhwebelana ngezidladla zamabhere eChina kube nomthelela omuhle kubantu baseMpumalanga Ekude bebhere elinamabele amhlophe.
Izinyamazane ezibomvu noma izinyamazane ezibomvu
Kuyinto yezinhlobo ezinkulu zezinyamazane ezibomvu zaseMpumalanga Ekude. Isisindo somuntu wesilisa sifinyelela ku-300-400 kg, ubude bomzimba bucishe bube yi-2 m, ukuphakama lapho kubuna kungu-1.5 m.Abesifazane bakhanya kakhulu futhi bancane.
Izimpondo kwabesilisa zikhula zisukela eminyakeni emibili ubudala. Njalo entwasahlobo, ukukhula kwamathambo kuyachitheka bese kuqala ukukhula futhi. Izimpondo zikhula kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJulayi. Ekugcineni beza ukulwa nokulungela kwabo ngo-Agasti.
Ngokuphothulwa kokwakhiwa kwezimpondo ngoSepthemba-Okthoba, inkathi yokukhwelana iqala ezinyamazaneni ezibomvu. Isilwane siqinisekisa amandla aso ngamandla okubhonga nangamagatsha ezimpondo. Lokhu kuvame ukwanela ukuvimba izimbangi ezibuthakathaka.
Abaphikisi abalinganayo bahlangana empini. Abesilisa bafinyelela enkathini yamandla nokuheha kwabesilisa abaneminyaka engama-6 kuya kwengama-12, ngesikhathi esifanayo bakhula ikakhulukazi izimpondo ezinamagatsha. Njengoba izilwane sezigugile, zilahlekelwa yigatsha namandla.
IsiManchu hare
Isilwane esivela emndenini wonogwaja. Isisindo sikanogwaja asidluli ku-2,5 kg. Ngaphandle, iyafana nomvundla wasendle: imilenze nezindlebe kufushane kunaleyo kanogwaja noma unogwaja. EPrimorye, itholakala yonke indawo. Ikhetha izindawo eziphansi ezigcwele izihlahla ezincane nezihlahla.
Kudla kusihlwa, ebusuku. Uhlala ezindaweni eziyimfihlo usuku lonke. Ebusika, iyazimbela eqhweni, ngobukhulu bayo ingenza imigudu futhi ingaveli ebusweni isikhathi eside. Ehlobo, unogwaja uzala inzalo kathathu, kepha amancanyana mancane: ama-2-4 hares. Ngenxa yobuningi bezitha, hares kuyaqabukela zikwazi ukufinyelela umkhawulo weminyaka: iminyaka eyi-15.
Inja yeRaccoon
Isidalwa esibukeka njenge-raccoon, kepha akusona isihlobo saso. Isilwane sinesisindo esingaba ngu-3 kg, sithola isisindo esengeziwe ebusika. Kuyingxenye yomndeni we-canine. IFar East yikhaya lezinja; zaziswa eYurophu ngenhloso yokuhweba.
Uhlala futhi uzondla ezindaweni eziphansi, osebeni lwamachibi nemifula agcwele izihlahla. Kuthi kusihlwa nasebusuku ubambe iqhaza ekuqoqeni ama-mollusk, ukubamba ama-amphibians, ukonakalisa izidleke nokufuna izidumbu.
Ummeleli kuphela we-canine othambekele ebusika. Ngenxa yalokhu, imba imigodi, imvamisa ithatha indawo yokukhosela eshiywe ezinye izilwane. Uhlala kubo bese ezumeka ubusika. Uma kwenzeka ubusika obufudumele, bungaphazamisa ubusika.
Insikazi iletha imidlwane engu-5-7, kwesinye isikhathi ibe ngaphezulu. Izinja azihlali isikhathi eside: iminyaka engu-3-4. Ngaphandle kokuba sengozini kwenja, ubukhona bezitha eziningi, inani labantu baseMpumalanga Ekude liyachuma, uhla luyanda.
Amur hedgehog
Isidumbu esisuka emndenini we-hedgehog. Ifana kakhulu ne-hedgehog ejwayelekile yase-Eurasia. Itholakala yonke indawo, ngaphandle kwezindawo zezintaba ezingaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1000. Lesi silwane kuhlwe, kusebusuku.
Idla ama-invertebrate, ingahlukanisa imenyu yayo ngezithelo, futhi, uma unenhlanhla, igundane elincane. Wakha indawo yokukhosela: umgodi ongajulile, isidleke. Ingena ebusika ubusika. Ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, i-hedgehog iletha ama-hedgehogs ama-3-5, ahlala nomama kuze kube sekwindla.
Ikati le-Amur
Enye yama-subspecies ama-5 ekati le-Bengal. Amakati amahlathi e-Amur noma e-Ussuri - izilwane Primorsky Krai, uvame ukutholakala ezindaweni eziphansi ezungeze iLake Khanka. Bangabonakala ngasogwini loLwandle lwaseJapan nasendaweni yoMfula i-Ussuri.
Isilwane sinesisindo esingu-5-6 kg futhi sifana nekati elifuywayo ngosayizi nomthethosisekelo. Ikati laseBengal linombala wengwe, ama-subspecies ama-Amur athulisiwe kakhulu, awahlukile kangako. Ikati le-Amur lingumzingeli ophumelelayo, libamba amagundane, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini, izinyoni. Ngesimo esivumayo, ingaphila cishe iminyaka eyi-17.
Unogwaja wasolwandle
Umzingeli wasolwandle, isilwane esincelisayo esivela emndenini wezimpawu zangempela. Yisigxivizo esikhulu kunazo zonke esitholakale ngasogwini lwaseRussia. Ebusika obumnandi, isisindo sayo singafinyelela kuma-350 kg. Idla emanzini asogwini, ekujuleni okujulile. Ukudla kwalolu hlalu lwentshebe kufaka phakathi izinhlanzi ezinamagobolondo nezinhlanzi ezingezansi.
Ngemisebenzi yokukhwelana, bakhetha hhayi amabhishi, kepha bakhukhuleka ezintabeni zeqhwa. Ukuhlangana kwenzeka ngo-Ephreli, ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-11 kuya kwezi-12 injana eyodwa ivela ngaphezu kwemitha ubude. Usana luzimele kakhulu: luyakwazi ukubhukuda nokuntywila.
Ekhiqizweni kwenzalo, izingulube ezinentshebe zihlangana ezindaweni ezithile, kepha azihambelani nama-rookeries aminyene, zitholakala kude kakhulu komunye nomunye. Isikhathi sokuphila sezimpawu zentshebe iminyaka engama-25-30.
Izinyoni zasePrimorsky Krai
Izinhlobo zezinyoni ezingama-360 ePrimorye. Ubusika obuningi endaweni yesifunda, uhhafu wezinyoni uya eningizimu: eChina, Korea, India, naseziqhingini zasePacific.
Idada lesiMandarin
Idada elincane lehlathi, izidleke ePrimorye, eSakhalin, indizela eningizimu yeChina ebusika. Insikazi ayimangalisi; owesilisa unengubo ekhwelayo emibalabala: isigoqo ekhanda nezimpaphe ezinemibala ehlukile. Ikhetha imifula emincane yamahlathi namachibi ezidleke.
Ngokungafani namanye amadada, i-mandarin duck ingahlala emagatsheni ezihlahla. Ungesabi ukubukeka kwe-anthropomorphic. Emachibini asemadolobheni nasemiseleni, kuvame ukugcinwa njengenyoni yokuhlobisa. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, idada le-mandarin lingaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10.
Unogolantethe waseMpumalanga Ekude
Inyoni eyivelakancane ngokweqile, evela emndenini kanogolantethe, eyakha isidleke ePrimorye. Abantu bezinogolantethe ngabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-2-3. Okukhulu kunonogolantethe abamhlophe baseYurophu. Ifana nayo ngombala, ngaphandle komlomo omnyama, ocishe ube mnyama.
Yakha izidleke zayo kude nezindlu, ezindaweni eziphakeme zemvelo nezokuzenzela. Insikazi izalela amaqanda ayi-2-5. Eyesilisa isiza insikazi ukondla amaphuphu. Kuphela lapho zineminyaka emithathu kuphela lapho izinyoni ezincane zingaba ngabantu abadala ngokuphelele futhi zibe nezingane zazo.
I-Daursky crane
Lezi zinyoni ezingavamile - izilwane Red Book Primorsky Krai... Abantu baseMpumalanga Ekude cishe bangabantu abayi-5000. Inyoni inkulu: ingaphansi kwamamitha amabili ukuphakama, inesisindo esingaba ngu-5.5 kg.
EPrimorye, kuvame ukutholakala ngaphakathi kwesiQhingi saseKhanka, osebeni loMfula i-Ussuri. Ngaphezu kwePrimorsky Territory, itholakala eTransbaikalia, eKhabarovsk Territory. Ebusika, iningi labo lindizela eNhlonhlweni yaseKorea. Le nyoni idla omnivorous: ithatha imifino, ibambe ama-amphibian, izinambuzane, izinhlanzi.
Iminyaka engu-3-4 yokuphila uzitholela umlingani. Izinyunyana zezinyoni azihlakazeki impilo yazo yonke. Ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi, insikazi yakha isidleke esihle, izalela iqanda elilodwa noma amabili. Ngaphandle kokuphila kweminyaka engama-20, ukukhiqiza okuphansi nokuzwela ezimweni zendawo yokuhlala kushiya ama-cranes eDaurian onqenqemeni lokuqothulwa.
Ukhozi olwandle lwaseSteller
Isidlakela esinezimpaphe esibabazekayo, esitholakala ePrimorye ezindaweni ezakhelene nogu loLwandle lwaseJapan. Kuyingxenye yomndeni we-hawk. Inyoni inkulu kakhulu, isisindo sayo singafinyelela ku-7-9 kg.
Isikimu sombala jikelele sinsundu onsundu nezimpaphe ezimhlophe emahlombe, emaphethelweni emilenze. Izimpaphe zomsila, ezihlanganisa izimpaphe ezincane neziphakathi, nazo zimhlophe. Umbala obabazekayo, ohlukile awuhlale ukhona: kunabantu abane-monochromatic.
Ukhozi ludla izinhlanzi, ikakhulukazi ama-salmon. Ukubamba hares, izimpungushe, amagundane, akwenqabi inyama yezilwane ezifile. Wakha izidleke eduze kwamanzi, lapho achanyuselwa khona amaphuphu angama-1-3.
Inhlanzi yasePrimorsky Krai
Cishe izinhlobo eziyikhulu zezinhlanzi zihlala futhi zizalela olwandle. Amakhulu amakhulu anesisindo esingamakhulu amakhilogremu, amancane kakhulu anesisindo esingamagremu amaningana. Phakathi kwazo kukhona amanzi angenasawoti, olwandle, izinhlobo ze-anadromous kanye ne-semi-anadromous.
Inhlanzi yasePacific
Uhlobo lwezinhlanzi olwaziwa kakhulu ngabadobi nabathengi, oluyingxenye yomndeni omkhulu wama-salmon. Lezi izinhlanzi ezingama-anadromous ezishintsha indlela yazo yokuphila ngisho nombala nokubukeka, kuya ngezimo zendawo ezihlala kuyo. Ama-salmon aziwa kakhulu ngokunambitheka kwenyama ne-caviar. Uhlobo lwePacific lubandakanya:
- I-salmon ebomvana. Isisindo esimaphakathi salezi zinhlanzi singu-2 kg. I-salmon yokuqopha enkulu ibanjwe inesisindo esingu-7 kg.
- Chum. Isisindo sale nhlanzi sifinyelela ku-15 kg, owesifazane osindayo kakhulu obanjwe enesisindo esingama-20 kg.
- Coho salmon. Isinda cishe ngama-7 kg. Emachibini, yakha indawo yokuhlala, ubukhulu nesisindo sayo esingaphansi kakhulu.
- Sima. Isisindo senhlanzi singaphakathi kwe-10 kg. Emifuleni yasePrimorye, eKhabarovsk Territory, yakha indawo yokuhlala esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo. Abantu bendawo basibiza ngesitofu.
- I-salmon ebomvu. Inhlanzi inelinye igama - bomvu. Inyama yayo ayibomvana njengayo yonke i-salmon, kodwa umbala obomvu ojulile. Isinda cishe ku-3 kg.
- Chinook salmon. Ubude babantu abakhulu bufinyelela ku-1.5 m, kanti isisindo sifinyelela kuma-60 kg. Abesilisa bakha ifomu elincane. Kuze kube yiminyaka emibili ubudala, bavuthwa emfuleni, ngaphandle kokungena olwandle, ngemuva kwalokho babambe iqhaza kwinqubo yokuzala kabusha.
Kunezikhathi ezimbili eziyinhloko empilweni yama-salmonid amaningi: ulwandle nomfula. Izinhlanzi zikhula olwandle, isikhathi sokuvuthwa sithatha unyaka owodwa kuya kwengu-6. Sekuvuthiwe, inhlanzi inyukela emifuleni ukuze izalane. Ama-salmon asePacific akhetha imifula lapho azalelwa khona ukuthi abambe iqhaza ekuzaleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayikho neyodwa inhlanzi eyosinda ngemuva kokuzala kanye nokukhulelwa kwamaqanda.
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo
Esikhathini seMesozoic, izilwane ezihuquzelayo zazilawula umhlaba. Omkhulu kunabo bonke - izibankwakazi - wanyamalala, abanye musa ukudlala indima ebonakalayo kangaka. Izinhlobo zasendulo eziyingqayizivele zezilwane ezihuquzelayo zitholakala ePrimorsky Territory.
Inyoka ye-Amur
Inyoka enkulu kunazo zonke hhayi eMpumalanga Ekude kuphela, kodwa kulo lonke elaseRussia. Inweba ubude ngamamitha ama-2. Ingxenye yenyoka yenyoka inombala onsundu noma omnyama. Ingxenye engezansi, evundlile, iphuzi, ibonwe. Umzimba wonke uhlotshiswe ngemivimbo ekhanyayo empunga noma ephuzi. Kunabantu abamnyama, abanemilingo.
Inyoka itholakala emahlathini nasezifundeni ze-steppe kulo lonke elaseMpumalanga Ekude. Ukhasa onqenqemeni lwezintaba olufinyelela ebangeni elingamamitha angama-900. Efuna ukudla, uvakashela izifunda zezolimo, angene ezakhiweni ezishiyiwe, agibele ezihlahleni.
Ukudla kungokwesiko kwezinyoka: amagundane, amaxoxo, ama-molluscs. Ikhono lokukhasa ezihlahleni likuvumela ukuthi uthole amaqanda ezinyoni namachwane. Inyoka ayinabo ubuthi, iklinya inyamazane enkulu ngaphambi kokugwinya. Inyoka izingela ngentshiseko ngesikhathi sasemini. Ifihla ebusuku, iwele ezithombeni ezimisiwe ebusika.
Isikhala sematshe
Inyoka ivela emndenini wenyoka. Ubude, ama-specimens amakhulu kakhulu aweqi ku-80 cm.Inhloko echazwe kahle imbozwe amapuleti nezihlangu. Ingxenye yomgogodla womzimba ibomvu ngokubomvu. Isisu sinemibala ehlukene: kusuka kwimpunga kucishe kube mnyama. Imivimbo ehlukile itholakala emzimbeni wonke.
IShitomordnik ijwayelekile kuyo yonke iMpumalanga Ekude. E-Primorye, kunezindawo ezahlukahlukene zokwakheka komhlaba: kusuka ezifundeni ezisemathafeni kuya emithambekeni yezintaba kuze kufike ezindaweni eziphakeme zamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-2-3. Inyoka ayivamile futhi ayinabuthi kakhulu. Imiphumela yokuluma iyanyamalala ezinsukwini ezingama-5-7.
Ama-Amphibians
Ukusondela kwendawo emazweni afudumele, iziqhingi ezingajwayelekile zoLwandlekazi iPacific zaba nomthelela ekwahlukaneni kwazo zonke izilwane. Ama-vertebrate akudala aguqukele ezinhlotsheni ezihlukile, kwesinye isikhathi ezihlala zikhona, eziphila emanzini.
I-Clawed newt
Izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu ze-newt, ubude bayo bufinyelela ku-180 mm. Uhlala emifuleni nasemifudlaneni egeleza phakathi kwemisedari namahlathi axubekile. Uncamela amanzi acwebile, abandayo. Phansi nogu kufanele kumbozwe ngesihlabathi esigaxe namatshe amatshe amancane. Umhlabathi onjalo usiza i-newt ukuthi icashe: uma kwenzeka kuba ingozi, igobhoza ungene ku-substrate.
Inewt izondla ngezinambuzane, izinhlanzi eziyizimbumba. Kusebenza kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba. Ekwindla, izintuthwane zigcwala ngamaqoqo izimbotshana zezihlahla ezibolile, imigodi nemifantu yasogwini: zilungiselela ukulala ubusika bonke. Ubusika basebusika buhlala kuze kufike ukufudumala okuzinzile komoya nenhlabathi.
Isigaxa saseMpumalanga Ekude
I-amphibian engenamsila engaba ngamasentimitha ama-5. Ezingeni lemihla ngemihla, ama-amphibian anjalo abizwa ngokuthi amaxoxo. Kepha amasele anomehluko: awasebenzisi ulimi lwabo njengethuluzi eliyinhloko lokubamba izinambuzane. Babamba izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla zasemanzini nezasemhlabeni ngemilomo yabo, bazisize ngezidladla zangaphambili.
Amasele anenye into eyingqayizivele: ukwethusa izitha, isikhumba sabo sikhipha ubuthi. Ibizwa nge-bombesin futhi ibangela okungenani ukucasuka kwe-mucosal. Ukufa kungenzeka ezilwaneni ezincane. Isembatho esikhanyayo samaswidi sixwayisa abantu abangaba yizisulu ukuthi i-amphibian inobuthi.
Ukuvikelwa kwezilwane zasendle ePrimorsky Territory - hhayi ukunakekela kuphela izidlo ezinkulu ezidla inyama nezitshalo ezidla utshani, kuyisivikelo, kufaka phakathi izintuthwane ezincane kanye namathanga.
