Ngo-Agasti 10, 2010, isathelayithi yeNASA yaqopha -93.2 degrees e-Antarctica. Akukaze kubande ngale ndlela emhlabeni emlandweni wokubuka. Cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane ezine abahlala eziteshini zesayensi bafudunyezwa ugesi.
Izilwane azinalo ithuba elinjalo, ngakho-ke i-zoomworld yezwekazi iyindlala. Izilwane zase-Antarctic akuzona ngokuphelele ezasemhlabeni. Zonke izidalwa, ngandlela thile, zihlotshaniswa namanzi. Abanye bahlala emifuleni. Eminye imifudlana ihlala ingafriziwe, isibonelo, i-Onyx. Ungumfula omkhulu kunazo zonke ezwenikazi.
Izimpawu zase-Antarctic
Okuvamile
Inesisindo esingaba amakhilogremu ayi-160 futhi ifinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-185 ubude. Lezi yizinkomba zabesilisa. Abesifazane bancane kancane, ngaphandle kwalokho abesilisa nabesifazane bayefana. Izimpawu ezivame ukuhluka kwezinye izimpawu ezakhiwe ekhaleni lazo. Zinde, zihlukaniswe ukusuka enkabeni kuye emaphethelweni, ziyavuka. Kuvela ukufana kwelesiLatin V.
Umbala wophawu olujwayelekile ubomvu-mpunga ngokumaka okumnyama, oku-oblong umzimba wonke. Ekhanda elifana neqanda elinempumulo emfushane, amehlo amakhulu, ansundu atholakala. Isisho esivamile sikhuluma ngezimpawu ezivamile njengezidalwa ezihlakaniphile.
Ungabona uphawu olujwayelekile ngamakhala alo okusikhumbuza i-English V
Indlovu yaseningizimu
Impumulo yesilwane iyinyama, iqhubekela phambili. Ngakho igama. Uphawu lwezindlovu luyisilwane esikhulu esidla ezinye emhlabeni. Ubude, abanye abantu bafinyelela kumamitha ayi-6, bese bekala ngaphansi kwamathani ayi-5. Ingxenye yesihlanu yalesi sisindo yigazi. Igcwele umoya-mpilo, ivumela izilwane ukuthi zihlale ngaphansi kwamanzi ihora lonke
Izigebenga ziphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20. Abesifazane bavame ukuhamba eminyakeni eyi-14-15. Izimpawu zezindlovu zichitha iningi lazo emanzini. Ziya emhlabathini amasonto ambalwa ngonyaka ngokuzalanisa.
Isibaya sendlovu eseningizimu
URoss
Umbono watholakala nguJames Ross. Lesi silwane saqanjwa ngegama lomhloli wamazwe waseBrithani wezindawo ezibandayo. Ihola indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo, ikhuphukela ezingxenyeni ezikude zezwekazi, ngakho-ke ayiqondakali kahle. Kuyaziwa ukuthi Izilwane zase-Antarctic unesisindo esingaba ngama-200 kilograms, ufinyelela kumamitha ama-2 ubude, unamehlo amakhulu aqhakazile, imigqa yamazinyo amancane kepha abukhali.
Intamo yophawu luyisigaxa samafutha. Isilwane sifunde ukudweba ikhanda laso. Kuvela ibhola eliyinyama. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kumnyama, kanti kolunye, okumpunga okukhanyayo, okumbozwe ngezinwele ezimfishane nezinzima.
Umshado
Ingabe izilwane zasendle zase-Antarctica ehlukile. Kulula ukuthi i-Weddell igxumele ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-600. Ezinye izimpawu azikwazi ukwenza lokhu, ngoba azikwazi ukuhlala ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora. Ku-Weddell, lokhu kujwayelekile. Ukumelana nesithwathwa kwalesi silwane nakho kuyamangaza. Amazinga okunethezeka kuye angama -50-70 degrees.
I-Weddell uphawu olukhulu, olunesisindo esingaba amakhilogremu angama-600. I-pinniped ingamamitha amathathu ubude. Imidondoshiya iyamamatheka. Amakhona omlomo aphakanyisiwe ngenxa yezici zokwakheka.
Izimpawu ze-Weddell yizona ezide kakhulu ngaphansi kwamanzi
I-Crabeater
Isilwane sinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angaba ngu-200, futhi singamamitha angaba ngu-2,5 ubude. Ngakho-ke, phakathi kwezinye izimpawu, i-crabeater ivelele ngobunono bayo. Kwenza amaphini anciphise ukumelana nesimo sezulu esibandayo. Ngakho-ke, ngokuqala kobusika e-Antarctica, ama-crabeater akhukhuleka neqhwa kude nogu lwalo. Lapho izwekazi lifudumele ngokwengeziwe, kubuya izinkalankala.
Ukuze ubhekane ngobuhlakani nezinkalankala, izimvu zamanzi zithole ama-incisors anezinothi. Kuyiqiniso, azisindisi kwimikhomo ebulalayo. Isilwane esincelisayo esivela emndenini wamahlengethwa siyisitha esikhulu hhayi ama-crabeaters kuphela, kodwa futhi nezimpawu eziningi.
Uphawu lwe-crabeater lunamazinyo abukhali
Amaphengwini ezwekazi
Izinwele zegolide
Izimpaphe ezinde zegolide kumashiya zifakwa "ejokeni" elijwayelekile elimnyama elinehembe elimhlophe ngokubukeka kwazo. Zicindezelwe ekhanda zibheke entanyeni, zifana nezinwele. Lezi zinhlobo zachazwa ngo-1837 nguJohann von Brandt. Wathatha inyoni wayisa emaphengwini aqhekekile. Kamuva, abanezinwele ezisagolide babekhethwa njengohlobo oluhlukile. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Genetic kubonise ubudlelwane nama-king penguin.
Izinguquko ezahlukanisa ama-macaroni penguin nezasebukhosini zenzeka cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-1.5 edlule. Abamele banamuhla bezinhlobo bafinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-70, kuyilapho benesisindo esingama-5 kilograms.
Imperial
Mude kunazo zonke phakathi kwezinyoni ezingakwazi ukundiza. Abanye abantu bafinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-122. Kulokhu, isisindo sabanye sifinyelela kuma-45 kilogram. Ngaphandle, izinyoni zibuye zihlukaniswe ngamabala aphuzi eduze kwezindlebe nezimpaphe zegolide esifubeni.
Ama-Emperor penguin achamisela amachwane cishe izinyanga ezine. Ukuvikela inzalo, izinyoni zenqaba ukudla ngalesi sikhathi. Ngakho-ke, isisekelo sobuningi bama-penguin ngamafutha izilwane eziwaqoqayo ukuze zisinde esikhathini sokuzala.
Adele
Le penguin imnyama bhuqe futhi imhlophe ngokuphelele. Izici ezihlukile: uqhwaku olufushane nemibuthano ekhanyayo ezungeze amehlo. Ubude, le nyoni ifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-70, ithole isisindo esingamakhilogremu amahlanu. Kulokhu, ukudla kubalwa ngama-2 kilograms ngosuku. Ukudla kwephengwini kuqukethe ama-krill crustaceans nama-molluscs.
Kukhona ama-adeles ayizigidi ezi-5 e-Arctic. Lesi isibalo esikhulu samaphengwini. Ngokungafani nabanye, ama-adeles anikeza izipho kwabakhethiweyo. Lawa amatshe amancane. Athwalwa ezinyaweni zezinsikazi okuthiwa zikhona.
Ngaphandle, awehlukile kwabesilisa. Uma izipho zamukelwa, owesilisa uyakuqonda ukunemba kokukhetha kwakhe bese eqala ukusondelana. Amagquma amatshe aphonswe ezinyaweni zomuntu okhethiwe aba njengesidleke.
I-Adélie penguin yizakhamuzi eziningi kakhulu e-Antarctica
Imikhomo
Indlela
Umkhomo uqanjwe ngama-saury ngama-anglers aseNorway. Udla neplankton. Izinhlanzi nemikhomo kusondela ogwini lwaseNorway ngasikhathi sinye. Isazi sendawo sibizwa ngokuthi "saye". Umlingani wezinhlanzi wabizwa ngegama elithi whale. Phakathi kwemikhomo, inomzimba "owomile" nomusa kakhulu.
Isindisa - izilwane ze-arctic ne-antarctic, zitholakala eduze kwazo zombili izigxobo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izilwane zasenyakatho naseningizimu yeplanethi zihluke kakhulu. E-Arctic, umlingiswa oyinhloko ibhere le-polar. Azikho amabhere e-Antarctica, kepha kukhona ama-penguin. Lezi zinyoni, ngasendleleni, zihlala nasemanzini afudumele. Isibonelo, i-Galapagos penguin, yahlala cishe enkabazwe.
Umkhomo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Ososayensi bakubiza nge-blues. Uyisilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke. Umkhomo ungamamitha angama-33 ubude. Isisindo sesilwane singamathani ayi-150. Isilwane esincelisayo sondla lesi sisindo ngama-plankton, ama-crustaceans amancane nama-cephalopods.
Engxoxweni ngesihloko yiziphi izilwane ezihlala e-Antarctica, kubalulekile ukukhombisa okungaphansi komkhomo. Inhlanzelo inezintathu zazo: enyakatho, emfushane naseningizimu. Lesi sakamuva sihlala ngasogwini lwase-Antarctica. Njengabanye, unesibindi eside. Iningi labantu liyahamba eminyakeni eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye. Eminye imikhoma isika amanzi olwandle iminyaka eyi-100-110.
Umkhoma wesidoda
Lona umkhomo onamazinyo, unesisindo esingaba amathani angama-50. Ubude besilwane ngamamitha angama-20. Ezingaba ngu-7 zazo ziwela emakhanda. Ngaphakathi kunamazinyo amakhulu. Zibalwa kanye namazinyo ama-walrus namazinyo endlovu. Isisindo somkhomo wesidoda sisisindo esifundeni sama-2 kilos.
Umkhoma wesidoda ukhaliphile kunayo yonke imikhomo. Ubuchopho besilwane bunesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-8. Ngisho nasemkhomo ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, yize mkhulu, womabili ama-hemispheres adonsa ama-kilos ayisithupha kuphela.
Kunamazinyo angaba ngu-26 emhlathini ongezansi womkhomo wesidoda
Izinyoni
Isiphepho sikaWilson
Lezi Izilwane zase-Antarctic vula isithombe avele njengezinyoni ezincane ezimpunga-ezimnyama. Ubude bomzimba obujwayelekile bezimpaphe ngamasentimitha ayi-15. Iphiko lamaphiko alidluli amasentimitha angama-40.
Lapho indiza, isiqubu sesiphepho sifana nejubane noma inkonjane. Ukunyakaza kuyashesha kanjalo, kukhona ukujika okubukhali. I-kaurok iye yabizwa nangokuthiwa izinkonjane zasolwandle. Zondla izinhlanzi ezincane, ama-crustaceans, izinambuzane.
I-Albatross
Kunga-oda we-petrels. Le nyoni inezinhlobo ezingama-20 ezingaphansi. Zonke zihlala eningizimu yezwe. Lapho zihlala e-Antarctica, ama-albatross athakazelisa eziqhingini nasezicijaneni ezincane. Njengoba sezisukile kuzo, izinyoni zingandiza zizungeze inkabazwe ngenyanga. Le yimininingwane yokubuka kwesathelayithi.
Zonke izinhlobo ze-albatross zingaphansi kokulawulwa yi-International Union for Conservation of Nature. Inani labantu libukelwe phansi kuleli khulu leminyaka elidlule. Ama-Albatross abulawelwa izimpaphe zawo. Bezisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa izigqoko zabesifazane, amalokwe, amabhayi.
I-Albatross kungenzeka ingaboni umhlaba izinyanga, iphumule emanzini
Petrel omkhulu
Inyoni enkulu, imitha elilodwa ubude futhi inesisindo esingama-8 kilograms. Iphiko lingaphezu kwamamitha amabili. Ekhanda elikhulu, elibekwe entanyeni emfushane, kukhona umlomo onamandla, ogobile. Phezulu kwayo kukhona ithubhu lamathambo elingenalutho.
Ngaphakathi, ihlukaniswe ngehlukaniso. Lawa ngamakhala enyoni. Izimpaphe zayo zi-motley ngamathoni amhlophe namnyama. Indawo esemqoka yophaphe ngalunye ilula. Umngcele umnyama. Ngenxa yakhe, izimpaphe zibukeka zinemibala.
Ama-petrels - izinyoni ze-antarcticaukungayeki ukuwa. Izinyoni zidwengula ama-penguin afile, imikhomo. Kodwa-ke, izinhlanzi eziphilayo kanye nama-crustaceans akha ingxenye enkulu yokudla.
Skua omkhulu
Abaqaphi bezinyoni baphikisana nokuthi ngabe i-skua kufanele ihlukaniswe njenge-gull noma i-plover. Ngokusemthethweni, enezimpaphe ibalwa phakathi kwalezi zakamuva. Phakathi kwabantu, i-skua iqhathaniswa kokubili nedada ne-giant tit. Umzimba wesilwane mkhulu, ufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-55 ubude. Iphiko lamaphiko cishe liyimitha elilodwa nohhafu.
Phakathi kwabantu, ama-skuas abizwa ngokuthi ama-pirates olwandle. Izilwane ezidla ezinye zibamba phezulu esibhakabhakeni ngezinyoni ezithwele inyamazane ngoqhwaku bese ziyakhotha zize zikhulule izinhlanzi. AmaSkuas acosha izindebe. Uzungu lumangalisa kakhulu lapho behlasela abazali bephethe ukudla kwamantshontsho.
ISkua nezinye izakhamuzi zaseNingizimu Pole ziyabonakala endaweni yazo yemvelo. Kusukela ngo-1980, kuye kwahlelwa izivakashi e-Antarctica. Izwekazi liyindawo yamahhala engabelwe noma yimuphi umbuso. Kodwa-ke, amazwe amaningi we-7 afaka izicelo zezingcezu ze-Antarctica.
AmaSkua avamise ukubizwa ngamasela ngokugebenga ezinye izinyoni.
