UJackdaw

AmaJackdaws abephila eduze kwabantu isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka. Lezi zinyoni ezinobungane, ezinelukuluku, nezithandekayo zingabonakala enkampanini yamajuba asezweni nasemadolobheni. Bondla ngokuthula nezinye izinyoni eziningi, bahlakaniphe kakhulu futhi bathambile. UJackdaw lifanelwe ukunakwa okwengeziwe kumuntu.

Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo

Isithombe: Jackdaw

UJackdaw uyisihlobo esiseduze sama rook, igwababa. Kodwa-ke, unomehluko omkhulu kubo - usayizi omncane. Ngama-jackdaws angabamele abancane kakhulu bomndeni omkhulu wama-corvids. Phambilini, izinyoni ezinjalo zazibangelwa uhlobo lwamagwababa, kepha namuhla zibhekwa njengezinyoni zohlobo lweColoeus.

Ividiyo: UJackdaw

I-jackdaw, ngokusho kochwepheshe abaningi, ibizwa ngegama layo elimnyama elimnyama. Ngemuva kwakho konke, igama elithi "jackdaw" livela egameni elithi "mnyama". Ngaphambili, leli gama lalibizwa ngokuthi izinyoni ezahlukahlukene, izimpaphe zazo zazinombala omnyama obonisiwe. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke umuntu ovumelana nale ncazelo. Abanye bathi le nyoni yaqanjwa kanjalo ngenxa yemvelaphi yayo.

Iqiniso elihehayo: AmaJackdaws, yize ezinyoni ezincane, kepha ezihlakaniphe kakhulu. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi bangalandela futhi baqonde ukubuka komuntu. Ikakhulu, bakuqonda kalula ukubuka okukhombayo. Ohlangothini olulodwa lwayo kuphela lapho izinyoni zingathola khona ukudla umuntu azilungiselele zona. Ososayensi bachaza leli khono ngezimfanelo zesilwane.

UJackdaw kunzima kakhulu ukungayiboni. Mncane, unezimpaphe ezimnyama ezinezindawo ezimpunga ngokumnyama. Izimpiko nomsila kunendawo ekhanyayo kakhulu. Ungabona futhi le nyoni ngokukhala kwayo: "kai". Lezi zilwane azivamile ukuchitha isikhathi zodwa. Ngokuvamile, zitholakala ndawonye namajuba asedolobheni noma zihlangane nemihlambi emikhulu yabanye abamele izinyoni zomphakathi: izinkanyezi, amagwababa, ama-rook.

AmaJackdaw adonse ukunaka kwabantu kusukela ezikhathini zokuqala. Lokhu kwakungenxa yemikhuba yabo engavamile kanye nezimfanelo zabo zemvelo. Babethanda ukuhlala eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala abantu, bakhangwa kakhulu yizinto ezahlukahlukene ezicwebezelayo, bazama ukuxhumana nabantu ngendlela yabo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambili, abantu bebengaluzwa uthando olufanele kulokhu. AmaJackdaw ayexwaye kakhulu. Lezi zilwane zifakwa ekuxhumaneni nabaphansi, zazithathwa njengezimbangi zokuthile okubi.

Ukubukeka nezici

Isithombe: I-bird jackdaw

AmaJackdaw anezici zesici sangaphandle:

• ube nobukhulu obuncane. Ubude besilwane abudluli amasentimitha angamashumi amathathu nesishiyagalolunye, futhi isisindo singamagremu angamakhulu amabili namashumi ayisithupha;
• Uqhwaku olunezimpaphe lufushane kakhulu, luqinile. Kubantu abaningi, imbozwe ngokuphelele ngama-bristles aqinile. Yenzelwe "umsebenzi" onokhahlo;
• lula isimo somzimba, amaphiko aqinile, umsila unezimpaphe ezinhle (unesimo esiyindilinga kancane). Amaphiko angaba ngamasentimitha angamashumi ayisikhombisa nane. Yonke le mingcele yenza ama-jackdaws abashayeli bezindiza abesabekayo. Lezi zinyoni zibonakala ngendiza esheshayo, esheshayo neyonga amandla. Ohambweni olude, zindiza ngenxa yezimpama ezingavamile kodwa eziqinile. Lokhu kubenza bakwazi ukumelana ngokwengeziwe;
• umbala oyinhloko wama-jackdaw umnyama. Noma kunjalo, izimpaphe ezimnyama ezimpunga ziyabonakala kwezinye izindawo. Umsila nezimpaphe zokuqala emaphikweni zikhanya ngendlela elangeni;
  laba bameleli bama-corvids banamehlo amahle kakhulu, avame ukushintsha imibala yabo ezimpilweni zabo zonke. Kumantshontsho, amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kubantu abadala, anombala ompunga ngokukhanyayo, abese eba mhlophe ngokuphelele.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kunzima ngokweqile ukuhlukanisa i-jackdaw yesilisa ne-jackdaw yesifazane. Ukwehluka kobulili kunzima ukukuqonda, ngisho nochwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, ngokuya ngeminyaka, umehluko wobulili uya ubonakala kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, owesilisa esemdala ulahlekelwa ukukhazimula kwezimpaphe. Ngemuva kwekhanda, izimpaphe zentamo ziba buthuntu. Abesifazane bagcina ukukhanya kwabo kuze kube sekufeni.

Isici sesici sama-jackdaws, njengamanye ama-corvids amaningi, inkumbulo enhle kakhulu, amakhono aphezulu okuqonda. Zikhula ngokushesha, zicabange kahle. Amakhono anjalo aqashelwa abantu kudala, ngakho-ke, izinyoni eziningi ngokwengeziwe zigcinwa ekhaya.

Ngakho-ke sakubona ibukeka kanjani i-jackdaw... Manje ake sithole ukuthi i-jackdaw ihlala kuphi.

Uhlala kuphi ujackdaw?

Isithombe: Black Jackdaw

AmaJackdaws izilwane ezijwayelekile kakhulu. Ziyizinyoni ezifudukayo, ngakho-ke zivame ukushintsha indawo yazo yokuhlala kuye ngesimo sezulu. Indawo yemvelo ihlanganisa iNyakatho Afrika, i-Western Asia, iYurophu. EMpumalanga ye-Asia, ama-jackdaw ajwayelekile awahlali. Esikhundleni salokho, empumalanga kuhlala amaDaurian jackdaws, okuyizihlobo zawo eziseduze. Ama-jackdaw kaDaurian afana kakhulu nama-jackdaw ajwayelekile. Banokubukeka okufanayo, cishe izwi elifanayo.

Ama-jackdaw ajwayelekile ahlala eYurophu ngaphezu kwakho konke. Kuphela endaweni yezifunda eziningana izinyoni ezinjalo azitholakali. Azitholakali eFinland, eScandinavia, kwezinye iziqhingi zoLwandle iMedithera. UJackdaw umelwe kabanzi e-Ukraine, eRussia. Le nyoni ihlala eChina, eSyria, e-Iraq, e-Iran, kodwa hhayi yonke indawo.

Ama-jackdaw wokufuduka ahlala enyakatho nasempumalanga kuphela yendawo yemvelo. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, bathuthela ezifundeni eziseningizimu minyaka yonke. Izinyoni ezindala kuphela ezingandizi ziyohlala ebusika. Imvamisa zihlala ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke. Isici esinqumayo lapha ubukhona noma ukungabi khona kokuphakelayo okufanelekile. Uma kunokudla okuncane noma kungekho nhlobo, khona-ke abantu abadala bamane bandizela eduze kwabantu. Izinyoni ezihlala eFrance, eNgilandi, eDenmark, eBelgium naseNetherlands nazo ziphila impilo yokuzihlalela.

Idla ini i-jackdaw?

Isithombe: Jackdaw

UJackdaw Iyinyoni eqinile, emnivorous engakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nanoma yiziphi izimo zokuphila. Lokhu kusebenza nasekudleni.

Ukudla kwesilwane esinjalo kufaka:

• cishe zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezincane nezisemaphakathi, imisundu, izibungu, amaqanda ezinye izinyoni, amatshwele amancane. Kuyaqabukela impela ukuthi ama-jackdaw adle inyama yezidumbu, yize amanye amalungu omndeni wabo ejwayele ukubonwa edla izidumbu;
• okusanhlamvu kwezitshalo eziningi zezolimo, imbewu yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamakhambi, amajikijolo, ama-acorn, uphizi;
• imfucuza yokudla. AmaJackdaws kudala ahlala eduze kwabantu, ngakho-ke bajwayela ukuzitholela ukudla emigqonyeni kadoti, ezindaweni zokulahla inkunkuma.

Isilinganiso sokudla kwezilwane nezitshalo kuyehluka kuyo yonke impilo yezinyoni. Ngakho-ke, amaphuphu adla kakhulu ukudla kwezilwane. Amaprotheni avumela abantu abasha ukuthi bathole amandla ngokushesha. Ukudla kwemifino akubanga ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angamashumi amabili wokudla okuphelele kwezilwane ezisencane. Njengoba zikhula, inani lokudla kwezilwane lincipha kakhulu. Abantu abadala bathanda izitshalo, imbewu, izitshalo.

AmaJackdaws agcinwa ekhaya. Lapho ukufuya ekhaya, kubalulekile ukondla isilwane ngendlela efanele ukuze singaguli futhi siphile isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukudla kwama-jackdaw asekhaya kufanele kufake phakathi: izingcezu ezincane zesinkwa esimhlophe, izikelemu zomhlaba, inkukhu nenyama yenkomo encane, izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, isanqante egayiwe, i-cottage shizi, i-apula, ipheya, ikhabe.

Konke okuphakelayo kufanele kuswakanyiswe ngamanzi. Akunakwenzeka neze ukondla inyoni ngamajikijolo amuncu, izithelo noma imifino. Lokhu kungaholela ekufeni kwesilwane. Futhi, inhlanganisela yokusanhlamvu kufanele ifakwe ekudleni kwama-jackdaws asekhaya asekhaya. Kwengezwe kuwo ama-oats, ukolweni, ummbila.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: Jackdaw edolobheni

Indlela yokuphila yamajackdaw iyalinganiswa. Lezi zinyoni zichitha usuku lonke ebhizinisini: zifuna ukudla, zinakekela inzalo yazo, zakha izidleke. Ngesikhathi sabo esikhululekile, bakhetha ukuhamba ezinkampanini zezinyoni ezinomsindo. Bathanda ukuchitha isikhathi namajuba, amagwababa, ama-rook nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni. AmaJackdaws andiza kakhulu emini. Izindiza zabo zimile futhi ziyahamba. Bangandiza amakhilomitha ambalwa beyofuna ukudla okumnandi.

AmaJackdaws ayizinyoni ezinobungane, ezinobudlelwano. Bancamela ukuhlala eduze kwabantu ukuze bakwazi ukuxhumana nabo nsuku zonke. Ngalesi sizathu, iningi labantu abadala lakha izidleke zazo emakhaya abantu ashiyiwe noma agugile. Lokhu kubekwa futhi kukuvumela ukuthi uxazulule inkinga ngokudla. Izilwane zingadla okusanhlamvu kuma-feeder noma, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, zithole ukudla ezinqwabeni zikadoti.

Iqiniso elijabulisayo: UJackdaw yisilwane esinenkumbulo emangalisayo. Bakhumbula kalula ubuso babantu. Ngakho-ke, abantu abadala bangabona umuntu owake walimaza isidleke sakhe. Njengoba sezimbonile owonile, lezi zilwane ziqala ukukhala. Lesi sikhalo sisebenza njengesignali yokuxwayisa kulo lonke iphakethe.

Amanye ama-jackdaw akhetha ukuhlala ehlathini. Zikhetha imigodi nezihlahla ezindala ukuze zakhiwe. AmaJackdaw yizinyoni zomndeni. Bahlala ngababili cishe yonke impilo yabo. Imibhangqwana ijoyina imihlambi. Kuphela ngesikhathi sokudlela lapho izinyoni zichitha khona isikhathi ngokwahlukana nomhlambi omkhulu. AmaJackdaws azama ukuchitha inqwaba yesikhathi sabo usuku lonke, ikakhulukazi uma kunesikhala esikhululekile.

Isimo se-jackdaws ezimweni eziningi sinokuthula. Baxhumana kalula nezinye izilwane, abantu. Umuntu, uma efiswa, angakwazi ukuyithambisa ezandleni zakhe le nyoni. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi ama-jackdaws anolaka impela. Imvamisa, lezi zilwane zikhombisa ubudlova ngaphakathi koloni lokwakha isidleke. Imvamisa kuba nokushayisana phakathi kwezinyoni, izimpi ezinamandla.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Isithombe: I-bird jackdaw

AmaJackdaw yizinyoni zomndeni. Bathola umlingani futhi bahlala ndawonye impilo yabo yonke. Lezi zilwane azikaze zihlukane. Okuwukuphela kwento ewukufa komunye wabalingani. Isikhathi sokudlela laba bameleli bama-corvids siqala ngoMashi. Ngalesi sikhathi, wonke amabhangqa ashiya imihlambi yawo ayohlala ezidlekeni. Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, indlela yokuziphatha kwezilwane kuthinta kakhulu. Indoda ihlale inakekela okhethiweyo wayo: iyamvikela, imfunze.

Maphakathi nentwasahlobo, izilwane ziqala ukwakha izidleke. Baqoqa izinto ezifanele ehlathini, osebeni lwemifula. Amahlumela ahlukahlukene, izigaxa zomhlaba noma ubulongwe behhashi, izinwele zezinja, utshani, izicucu zamaphepha zilungele isidleke se-jackdaw. NgoMeyi, lo mbhangqwana usuvele unamaqanda. Clutch imvamisa iqukethe amaqanda angadluli kwayisithupha. Amaqanda alezi zinyoni mancane, anombala ompunga ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Owesifazane uvame ukuzibandakanya ekufukameleni inzalo yesikhathi esizayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa uthola ukudla komndeni wonke, unakekela insikazi ngokucophelela. Isikhathi sokufukamela ngokuvamile asithathi izinsuku ezingaphezu kweshumi nesishiyagalolunye. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, amaphuphu aqala ukuvela. Achanyuselwa engenakuzisiza ngokuphelele. Azinazimpaphe nhlobo, azinambono. Kodwa-ke, amaphuphu akhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Abazali babanakekela isikhathi esingaphansi kwenyanga. Lokhu kwanele ukuthi izinyoni zikhule. Ngemuva kwalokho, owesilisa nowesifazane baqala ukukhipha amaphuphu emkhubeni wokucela ukudla. Manje amaphuphu aseqala ukuzitholela ukudla kwawo.

Ngesikhathi beshiya ikhaya labo lobuzali, i-gumchat esencane isilungele ngokuphelele impilo ezimele. Inkinga kuphela ukuntuleka kwamakhono okundiza. Ekuqaleni, lezi zinyoni zihamba kuphela, zigxume. Ngalesi sikhathi, izilwane ziba yizisulu ezilula zabahlaseli, izingane, nezilwane ezifuywayo. Kuwo wonke amaphuphu, inani elincane kuphela labantu elisindayo.

Izitha zemvelo zama-jackdaws

Isithombe: Big jackdaw

UJackdaw akulula ukubamba. Le nyoni enesibindi, esheshayo ingazifihla kalula esitheni emoyeni, ifihle lapho kuqhekeka khona noma emhumeni, okungenzeka ngenxa yobuncane bazo. Kodwa-ke, ama-jackdaws, angavamile ukwedlula ezinye izinyoni, aba yizisulu zezitha zemvelo.

Phakathi kwazo kufanele kuqokonyiswe okulandelayo:

• izinyoni ezizingelayo. Izidlakudla ezinezimpaphe zivame ukuhlasela izinyoni ezincane zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kanti ama-jackdaws nawo ahlukile. Izikhova zokhozi, oklebe, izinkozi zegolide zisengozini;
• Amagwababa echobana. Nabo, bavame ukuhlasela amalungu omndeni wabo. Kepha imvamisa bazibandakanya nokonakalisa izidleke zabo nokubulala amatshwele;
• amaprotheni. Lezi zilwane ezincane ziphinda zidle izidleke ze-jackdaws lapho ziyekwe zinganakiwe;
• Izilwane ezifuywayo. Amakati nezinja zidla izilwane ezincane ezingakafundi ukundiza. Lokhu kwenzeka ngamachwane lapho izidleke zawo ziseduze nalapho kuhlala khona abantu;
• izilwane ezidla ezinye. AmaJackdaws ahlala ehlathini avame ukuba yizisulu zezimpungushe, izimpisi nezinye izidalwa;
• ama-microorganisms ama-parasitic, ama-fleas, ezinye izinambuzane, amabhungane.

Leli qembu lezilwane aliholeli ekufeni kwezinyoni namachwane alo, ngaphandle kokungajwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, bayilimaza kakhulu impilo yabo, ekugcineni efinyeza kakhulu isikhathi sempilo yama-jackdaws.

Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo

Isithombe: Jackdaw

AmaJackdaws kuso sonke isikhathi sokuphila kwabo anabantu abangahlali kahle endaweni yabo yemvelo. Lokhu kungenxa yezici eziningi. Okokuqala, lezi zinyoni ziyafuduka. Ubukhulu besibalo sabantu ezindaweni ezithile buhlala buguquka onyakeni owodwa. Okwesibili, phambilini lezi zinyoni zazishushiswa kanzima ngabantu, zabhujiswa. Ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha leminyaka, ngenxa yokubhujiswa, izinhlobo zazingekho eziningi.

Ukubulawa ngobuningi kwezimpungushe ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha kwakuhlotshaniswa neqiniso lokuthi lezi zinyoni, kanye nezihlobo zazo eziseduze kakhulu, zamukelwa ngokusemthethweni njengezinambuzane. Balimaze kakhulu umhlaba wezolimo, ngakho abalimi nabalimi bavunyelwa ukuba babacekele phansi. Lokhu kube nomthelela omkhulu kubukhulu besibalo se-jackdaw, kepha akuholelanga ekuqothulweni kwabo.

Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Isikhathi esimaphakathi sempilo yama-jackdaw yiminyaka eyisishiyagalombili kuphela. Kusekhaya kuphela lapho inyoni ingaphila khona isikhathi eside - cishe iminyaka eyishumi nambili.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isimo sengqondo ngama-jackdaws sishintshe kakhulu. Abantu bathole ezinye izindlela zokubhekana nazo, ngakho ukuqedwa okukhulu kwezinyoni kwaphela. AmaJackdaws, ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokusinda kwabo ezimweni ezinzima nasekuzaleni, bakwazile ukwenza ngokushesha ukulahleka, babuyisele ngokuphelele inani labantu kuyo yonke indawo yemvelo. Namuhla inani labantu lingaba yizigidi ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye. Iningi lezinyoni selizinze eYurophu. AmaJackdaw anesibalo esizinzile, esidala ukukhathazeka okuncane phakathi kososayensi.

UJackdaw - enye yezinyoni ezisheshayo, ezihlakaniphile ezinenkumbulo emangalisayo. Lezi zilwane ziyakwazi ukubona umuntu, zibone ukubuka kwakhe futhi ziqonde imiyalo ethile. AmaJackdaw azijoli nabantu nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinye izinyoni. Zizwana kalula namagwababa, amajuba, amarokhi.

Usuku lokushicilelwa: 02.06.2019

Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 20.09.2019 ngo-22: 03