Ngezansi koLwandle Olumnyama imayini kawoyela. Ngenxa yediphozi ejulile, amanzi agcwele i-hydrogen sulfide. Ikakhulukazi iningi lalo lingaphansi kwamamitha ayi-150. Cishe abekho abahlali ngale kwalolu phawu.
Ngakho-ke, izinhlanzi eziningi zoLwandle Olumnyama zihlala kukholamu lamanzi noma eduze komhlaba. Kukhona ubuncane bezinhlobo eziseduze nezansi. Njengomthetho, bagibela ezihlabathini zangaphansi kogu.
I-Sea carp
AmaCrucian ahlali nje kuphela emithonjeni yamanzi angenasawoti. KuLwandle Olumnyama, abamele umndeni wakwa-spar "bathwebula" izindawo ezingaphezulu nangaphezulu. Ngaphambilini, ama-crucian ayetholakala ikakhulukazi ngasogwini ukusuka e-Adler kuya e-Anapa. Kunezinhlanzi ezimbalwa ogwini. Ulwandle e-Adler lufudumele.
Isilinganiso sokushisa kwamanzi kukhona ama-degree angama-3-4. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-carp crucian ibanjwe ngaphandle kwendawo yamanzi. Kunezinhlobo eziyi-13. Abayisikhombisa babo abadlulayo, babhukuda badabula iBosphorus. Phumula izinhlobo zezinhlanzi oLwandle Olumnyama ukuhlala phansi.
Imvamisa kubadobi ungezwa igama lesibili le-carp yasolwandle - laskir
Igama lesibili le-carp yasolwandle yi-laskir. Le nhlanzi ifana nozakwabo bamanzi angenasawoti. Umzimba wesilwane u-oval futhi ucindezelwe kamuva bese umbozwa ngezikali. Kukhona amapuleti nasemahlathini nasemigodini yezinhlanzi. Unomlomo omncane. Ubude, ama-sea crucians angavamile ukudlula amasentimitha angama-33. KuLwandle Olumnyama, kuvame ukutholakala abantu abangamasentimitha ayi-11-15.
Indlela elula yokwehlukanisa izinhlobo ze-carp yasolwandle ngombala. On izinyo elincane esiliva, ngokusobala kukhona ukushintshana kwemivimbo emnyama futhi elula. Bangu-11 noma abayi-13 babo.
Esithombeni ulwandle carp zubarik
I-sarg emhlophe inemivimbo eguqukayo, kukhona eyi-9. Amabhola anemigqa engu-3-4 emzimbeni futhi ayigolide.
ISarga olunye uhlobo lwasolwandle uhlobo lwenhlazi yasemfuleni
I-Mackerel
Kungumndeni we-mackerel, ukuhleleka okufana ne-perch. Ukudoba oLwandle Olumnyama kuya ngokuba nzima. Ngenxa yokuzinza ngokungenhloso echibini laseMnemiopsis, izinhlobo zezilwane ze-mackerel ziyanyamalala. Ngaphandle, i-jellyfish-like comb jelly yondla ngeplankton.
AmaCrustaceans angukudla okuyisisekelo kwe-anchovy ne-sprat. Lezi zinhlanzi ezinamaphiko, nazo ziyisisekelo sokudla kwama-mackerel. Kuvela ukuthi ngenxa ye-jelly yamakhefu angaziwa echibini, izinhlanzi eziyinhloko zokuhweba zibulawa yindlala.
IMackerel yaziwa ngokunambitheka kwayo. Izinhlanzi zinenyama enamafutha egcwele i-Omega-3 ne-Omega-6 acid. Kanye nezinzuzo, ukubanjwa koLwandle Olumnyama kungadala ingozi. IMackerel iqoqa imercury emzimbeni wayo.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuvamile ezinhlanzi eziningi zasolwandle. Ngakho-ke, izazi zokudla okunomsoco zeluleka ukushintsha izinhlobo zasolwandle nezinhlobo zamanzi ahlanzekile ekudleni kwakho. Lezi zokugcina ziqukethe ubuncane be-mercury.
Katran
Ushaka omncane onobude obungamamitha ayi-1 kuye kwamabili kanye nesisindo samakhilogremu ayi-8 kuye kwangama-25. Imiphetho embozwe ngamafinyila ikhula eduze kwamaphiko amabili omgogodla we-katran. Igobolondo labo linobuthi, njengezinaliti ezithile ze-stingray. USteve Irwin wabulawa ubuthi balaba bakamuva. Umzingeli wezingwenya odumile wabamba uchungechunge lwezinhlelo zethelevishini.
Ubuthi beKatran abuyingozi njengamanye ama-stingray. Inaliti kashaka iholela ekuvuvukeni okubuhlungu kwendawo ethintekile, kepha ayisiyongozi ebulalayo.
Umbala we-katran ungwevu omnyama onesisu esilula. Kunezindawo ezithile ezimhlophe ngezikhathi ezithile ezinhlangothini zenhlanzi. Abantu bayo nabo basengozini. Njenge-mackerel, i-katran idla i-planktivorous anchovy, efayo ngenxa yokubusa kolwandle yi-Mnemiopsis.
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi kusekhona i-horse mackerel kwimenyu kashaka, ngakho-ke oshaka "baqhubeka nokuntanta." Izinhlanzi ziyabhukuda, ngasendleleni, ezinzulwini. Ungabona i-katran ngasogwini kuphela ngenkathi engekho.
UKatran ukuphela kwenhlanzi evela emndenini kashaka oLwandle Olumnyama
Ama-Stingray
Ama-stingray ahlukaniswa njengezinhlanzi ze-lamellar cartilaginous. Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 zazo oLwandle Olumnyama. Okuvame kakhulu kubizwa ngokuthi i-sea fox. Le nhlanzi inomzimba omsila nomsila, inyama enganambitheki. Kepha isibindi se-fox yolwandle siyaziswa. Amanxeba okuphulukisa amanxeba enziwe ngawo.
Inani elikhulu lezimpungushe litholakala eduze kwase-Anapa. Ungathola futhi i-stingray lapho. Elinye igama ikati lasolwandle. Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo zama-stingray ezinjengeLwandle Olumnyama. Ngokungafani nempungushe enombala onsundu, ilula, icishe ibe mhlophe.
Awekho ameva emzimbeni wenhlanzi, kepha inaliti emsileni ikhula ize ifike kumasentimitha angama-35. Isicubu esisenqenqemeni sinobuthi, kodwa asibulali, njengoba kunjalo ngamakhaza asemzimbeni wekhatran.
Ikati lasolwandle luhlobo lwe-ovoviviparous. Inhlanzi enobuthi yoLwandle Olumnyama ungazaleli amaqanda, kodwa uwathwale esibelethweni sawo. Endaweni efanayo, izingane zichanyuselwa kuma-capsule. Lesi yisiginali yokuqala kokuphambana nokuzalwa kwezilwane.
Ikati lasolwandle noma impungushe yasolwandle
I-herring
Inhlanzi ihlukaniswa ngomzimba ohlangene ocindezelwe kancane kusuka ezinhlangothini nge-pectoral projection-keel. Ingemuva lesilwane lifaka okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-luhlaza, kanti isisu sine-grey-silver. Inhlanzi ifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-52 ubude, kepha iningi labantu abadala alidluli kuma-33.
I-herring enkulu kunazo zonke itholakala eKerch Bay yoLwandle Olumnyama. Badoba lapho kusuka ngoMashi kuya kuMeyi. Ngemuva herring uya oLwandle Azov.
Isifutho
Isihlobo esincane se-herring. Igama eliphakathi ngu-sprat. Kukhona ukudideka ezingqondweni zabantu abavamile, okubangelwa ukwehluka kwemibono phakathi kwezichthyologists nabadobi. Okokugcina, i-sprat yinoma iyiphi i-herring encane.
Kungaba i-herring uqobo, kepha incane. Kuma-ichthyologists, i-sprat iyinhlanzi yezinhlobo ze-sprattus. Abamele bayo abakhuli ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-17 futhi baphila iminyaka engaphezulu kwengu-6. Imvamisa kuba yiminyaka emi-4 uma kuqhathaniswa ne-10 ye-herring.
I-sprat ihlala ekujuleni okungafika kumamitha angama-200. KuLwandle Olumnyama, ngenxa yokugcwaliswa kwamanzi nge-hydrogen sulfide, izinhlanzi zikhawulelwa kumamitha ayi-150.
Sprat inhlanzi
I-Mullet
Kushiwo mullet. Izinhlobo ezintathu zomdabu zihlala oLwandle Olumnyama: ama-ostronos, i-singil kanye ne-mullet enemigqa. Owokuqala uhlukaniswa ngamakhala amancane ahlanganiswe nezikali. Akukho kuphela kuze kufike endaweni yamakhala angaphambili. Ekuculeni, amapuleti aqala ngemuva, kuthi ngemuva abe neshubhu elilodwa. Impumulo ekhonjiwe ineziteshi ezimbili esikalini se-dorsal.
ILoban ingummeleli ovame kakhulu futhi odumile we-mullet oLwandle Olumnyama. Inhlanzi inekhanda elihlanganayo ngaphambili. Kungakho igama lohlobo. Phakathi kwama-mullet, abamele bayo bangabakhulu kunabo bonke, bakhula ngokushesha, ngakho-ke babalulekile ohlelweni lwezohwebo.
Ngeminyaka eyisithupha, i-mullet enemigqa iseluliwe ngamasentimitha angama-56-60, enesisindo esingama-2.5 kilograms. Kwesinye isikhathi, izinhlanzi zibanjwa ngamasentimitha angama-90 ubude futhi zinesisindo esingamakhilogremu ama-3.
IGurnard
Igama lakhe liyimpendulo yombuzo hlobo luni lwezinhlanzi oLwandle Olumnyama okuyinqaba. Ngaphandle, isilwane sifana nenyoni noma uvemvane. Amaphiko angaphambili weqhude makhulu futhi anemibala, njengaleyo yepigogo noma uvemvane. Inhloko yezinhlanzi inkulu, futhi umsila mncane nge-fin encane yemfoloko. Egoba, iqhude lifana nemfanzi.
Umbala obomvu wenhlanzi udlala ngokuvumelana nenhlangano. Kodwa-ke, isitini esibomvu sihlotshaniswa nesiqu seqhude langempela.
Umzimba weqhude lolwandle ubuncane bamathambo, futhi inyama ifana ne-sturgeon ngombala nokunambitheka. Ngakho-ke, izinhlanzi ziye zaba yinto yokuncoma hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi nokudoba. Njengomthetho, iqhude libanjwa ngesiheho esibhekiswe kwi-horse mackerel futhi libhukuda ekujuleni okufanayo.
Isazi sezinkanyezi
Ise-oda lama-perchiformes, ihlala ezansi, ayisebenzi. Ifihliwe, isazi sezinkanyezi asizibali izinkanyezi, kepha silinda ama-crustaceans nezinhlanzi ezincane. Lesi isisulu somzingeli.
Uheha isilwane sakhe njengesibungu. Le yinqubo inkanyezi eyikhipha emlonyeni wayo. Lo mlomo usekhanda elikhulu futhi eliyindilinga. Izinhlanzi ziya ngomsila.
I-stargazer ingaba ngamasentimitha angama-45 ubude futhi inesisindo esingu-300-400 amagremu. Ngezikhathi zobungozi, isilwane sizigaxa esihlabathini esingezansi. Ubuye azifihle lapho ezingela. Ukuze izinhlayiya zesihlabathi zingangeni emlonyeni, wasuka kule nkanyezi wacishe wayofika ngamehlo uqobo lwayo.
Pipefish
Kubukeka sengathi ulwandle oluqondile, futhi lungolokuhleleka okufana nenaliti. Ngokuma, inhlanzi ifana nepensela eneziphetho eziyisithupha. Ubukhulu besilwane bufaniswa nobubanzi bensimbi yokubhala.
Izinaliti - Izinhlanzi zoLwandle Olumnyama, njengokungathi umunca inyamazane encane emlonyeni wabo ovulekile. Awekho amazinyo kuwo, ngoba asikho isidingo sokubamba nokuhlafuna okubanjiwe. Ngokuyinhloko, inaliti yondla ngeplankton. Lapha futhi kuphakama umbuzo wokudla ama-crustaceans nguMnemiopsis. Inaliti ayikwazi ukumelana nomncintiswano wokudla naye.
I-Sea bass
Kungumndeni wofezela. Lo mndeni ubandakanya nolwandle olubi. Ezinhlokweni zamaphiko, i-perch, njenge-katran noma i-sea cat, iphethe ubuthi. Ikhiqizwa yizindlala ezikhethekile. Lesi sihlungu sinamandla, kepha asibulali, imvamisa sibangela ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala kwezicubu ezilimele.
Phakathi kwe- isithombe sezinhlanzi zoLwandle Olumnyama perch kungenziwa kwethulwe ngezindlela ezahlukene. Zingu-110 zazo emhlabeni.Omhlophe namatshe kuyefana ngokubukeka nezindawo zokuhlala zamanzi ahlanzekile. Ngakho-ke izinhlanzi zaqanjwa ngokufana, yize zingenabo ubudlelwano. I-Black Sea perch iyinto ehlukile. Inhlanzi ihlobene nezinhlobo zamanzi angenasawoti. Igama lesibili le-perch yoLwandle Olumnyama yi-smarida.
Ubude be-smarid abudluli amasentimitha angama-20. Ubuncane bomuntu omdala ngamasentimitha ayi-10. Isilwane sinokudla okuxubile, sisebenzisa ama-algae nama-crustaceans, izibungu. Umbala wezinhlanzi uncike kakhulu ekudleni.
Ama-perches oLwandle Olumnyama, njengezindawo zomfula, anemivimbo emile emzimbeni. Ngemuva kokubanjwa, bayanyamalala. Ezingxenyeni ezijwayelekile, imivimbo ihlala emoyeni.
Amaphiko ezinhlanzi ezisolwandle abukhali kakhulu enobuhlungu enqeni
I-Dogfish
Inhlanzi encane engezansi efinyelela kumasentimitha ama-5 ubude. Isilwane sinemizimba emikhulu yangaphambili, ikhanda. Inja inyathela kancane ngomsila, njenge-eel. Ngemuva kune-ridge-fin eqinile. Kepha, umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinhlanzi nokunye ukuqhuma kwamagatsha ngaphezu kwamehlo.
Umbala wezinja zasolwandle ubomvu ngokubomvu. Izinhlanzi ezihlala oLwandle Olumnyama, gcina kokubili emanzini angajulile nasekujuleni okungafika kumamitha angama-20. Izinja zigcinwa emaphaketheni, zifihle phakathi kwamatshe nongqondongqimba bamatshe angaphansi kwamanzi.
I-mullet ebomvu
Izinhlanzi ezibomvu nezimhlophe ezinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-150 futhi zifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-30 ubude. Isilwane sigcina emanzini angajulile ngenzansi kwesihlabathi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, inhlanzi ibizwa ngokuthi i-sultanka ejwayelekile. Igama lihlotshaniswa nohlobo lwasebukhosini lwe-mullet ebomvu. Umbala wayo ufana nengubo yombusi wasempumalanga.
Ebhekisa ku-mullet, i-mullet ebomvu inomzimba ofanayo, omile okwe-oval ominyene ucindezelwe ezinhlangothini. Ngokuhlupheka, i-sultan imbozwe ngamabala ansomi. Lokhu kwaqashelwa ngisho nangamaRoma asendulo, aqala ukupheka i-mullet ebomvu phambi kwamehlo alabo abadlayo.
Labo abasetafuleni abathandanga nje ukudla inyama yezinhlanzi ezimnandi, kodwa futhi nokubabaza umbala wayo.
I-Flounder
Izinhlanzi zokuhweba zoLwandle Olumnyama, ikhetha ukujula kwamamitha ayi-100. Ukubukeka okwehlukile kwesilwane kwaziwa yiwo wonke umuntu. Izifihla phansi, i-flounder ikhiqiza zonke izinhlobo zombala okhanyayo nohlangothi olungaphezulu lomzimba. Ingaphansi lenhlanzi ayinalo leli khono.
I-Black Sea flounder incamela ukulala ngohlangothi lwayo lwesobunxele. Abantu abangakwesokudla bahlukile kulo mthetho, njengabantu abangamanxele phakathi kwabantu.
Ngendlela, abantu bayayithanda inyama yokudla enamaphesenti ayi-100 amaprotheni agayekayo, uvithamini B-12, A no-D, i-Omega-3 acid, nosawoti we-phosphorus. Isidalwa esisacaba siqukethe ama-aphrodisiacs avusa isifiso. Ezinhlanzini, zimbalwa kuphela ezinezici ezifanayo.
I-sea ruff
Ngaphandle kwalokho kubizwa inhlanzi yescorpion. Akuhlangene ngalutho namanzi angenasawoti. Igama elidumile lanikezwa lesi silwane ngokufana kwaso sangaphandle nemifula. Izinhlanzi zoLwandle Olumnyama nazo zimbozwe ngamaphiko amade. Isakhiwo sezinaliti zabo siyefana nesakhiwo samazinyo ezinyoka. Inaliti ngayinye inemihosha emibili yokunikeza ubuthi ngaphandle. Ngakho-ke, ukudoba i-sea ruff kuyingozi.
I-scorpion fish igcina ezansi ekujuleni okungafika kumamitha angama-50. Ama-Ruff pelts angatholakala lapha. Isifaniso nezinyoka naso siyaziphakamisa. Inhlanzi ikhipha isikhumba sayo, isusa ulwelwe nezinambuzane ezikhule kuso. IMolt elwandle ruffs yinyanga nenyanga.
I-Greenfinch
Kunezinhlobo eziyi-8 zama-greenfinches oLwandle Olumnyama. Zonke izinhlanzi zincane, zinemibala egqamile. Olunye uhlobo lubizwa ngokuthi yi-wrasse. Le nhlanzi iyadliwa. Zonke ezinye zisetshenziswa njengesithiyelo sesilwane esikhulu esidlayo. AmaGreenfinches angamathambo. Inyama yezilwane inuka udaka futhi iyamanzi.
IGubana iboniswe kuma-amphoras amaningi esehle kusukela esikhathini seRoma lasendulo. Lapho, kwakudliwa itiye eliluhlaza okwehla esiphundu emadilini okudla kwakusihlwa kanye ne-mullet ebomvu.
Ngaphandle kombala ogqamile, womkhosi, izinhlanzi eziluhlaza ezinezifinyila zotshani zinolaka. Izilwane zikhombisa amazinyo azo abukhali, zigijimela kulabo abaphula umthetho, njengezinja zamaketanga. Ekulweni, ama-greenfinches, ikakhulukazi abesilisa, avumele izindiza zamanzi zivayize, zivayize amaphiko azo, zishaye amabunzi azo, imisila futhi zikhiphe ukukhala okukhethekile kwempi, okungajwayelekile ezinhlanzini.
Ama-gobies oLwandle Olumnyama
Kunezinhlobo ezingaba yishumi ze-gobies oLwandle Olumnyama, eyinhloko ibizwa ngokuthi izingodo ezizungezayo. Ngokuphambene negama, izinhlanzi zihlukaniswe, zicindezelwe kusuka ezinhlangothini. Umbala wepulangwe eliyindilinga unsundu ngechashaza elinsundu. Ubude, isilwane sifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-20, sinesisindo esilinganiselwa ku-180 amagremu.
Ugodo olujikelezayo lukhetha ukujula okungafika kumamitha amahlanu. USandpiper goby naye uhlala lapha. Futhi ingahlala emifuleni. OLwandle Olumnyama, izinhlanzi zigcinwa eduze kwamabhange nemifula engena kuwo. Lapha amanzi acwebezela kancane. Isandpiper yaqanjwa ngombala wayo we-beige nangendlela yokugqekeza enhlabathini enesihlabathi.
I-goby yokugoqa, ngokungafani ne-sandpiper, itholakala ezansi ngamatshe amatshe. Inhlanzi inezwi eliyisicaba phezulu kanye nodebe lwaphezulu oluvuvukile. Umhlathi uphume ngezansi. Lo msongo ubuye ugqame nge-dorsal fin ethuthukile.
Kukhona futhi i-herbal goby oLwandle Olumnyama. Unekhanda elicindezelwe kamuva nomzimba ovulekile. Ingxenye enkulu yangemuva yesilwane ilengiswe ngasemsileni. Inhlanzi igcotshwe ngokukhululekile ngamafinyila, kepha imfihlo ayinabo ubuthi. Ngisho nezingane zingazibamba izinkunzi ngezandla zazo. Intsha iyathanda ukubheka izinhlanzi ezifihliwe emanzini angajulile, inyonyobe izimboze ngezintende zezandla.
Esithombeni, i-goby yoLwandle Olumnyama
I-swordfish
KuLwandle Olumnyama, kwenzeka njengokuhlukile, ukubhukuda kusuka kwamanye amanzi. Ikhala lamathambo elinamandla lezinhlanzi lifana nesaber. Kepha isilwane asizihlikihli isisulu ngethuluzi laso, kepha sishaya ibhakkhanda.
Amakhala e-swordfish atholakele engena emikhunjini yezingodo ze-oki. Izinaliti zabahlali abajulile zangena ehlathini njengebhotela. Kunezibonelo zempumulo engama-60cm ye-swordfish engena ngaphansi kwesikebhe.
I-Sturgeon
Abamele bane-cartilage esikhundleni samathambo futhi abanazo izikali. Le yindlela izinhlanzi zasendulo ezazibukeka ngayo, ngoba ama-sturgeon ayizilwane eziphindayo. KuLwandle Olumnyama, abamele umndeni bayinto yesikhashana. Zidlula emanzini anosawoti, ama-sturgeon aya kozala emifuleni.
I-Black Sea sturgeon ibizwa ngeRussia. Kwabanjwa abantu abanesisindo esilinganiselwa ku-100 kilograms. Kodwa-ke, izinhlanzi eziningi ezisemgodini woLwandle Olumnyama azidluli amakhilogremu angama-20.
Pelamida
Kungenxa yomndeni we-mackerel, ukhula ufike kumasentimitha angama-85, uzuze kufika kuma-7 kilogram wesisindo. Izinhlanzi ezijwayelekile zingamasentimitha angama-50 ubude futhi azinesisindo esingeqile kwamakhilo amane.
UBonito uza oLwandle Olumnyama evela e-Atlantic ukuzala. Amanzi afudumele echibini alungele ukubeka amaqanda nokukhulisa inzalo.
Njenge-mackerel, i-bonito inenyama enamafutha futhi emnandi. Le nhlanzi ibhekwa njengenhlanzi ethengiswayo. Ibhonethi ibanjwa eduze kwaphezulu. Yilapha lapho abameleli bezinhlobo zondla khona. UBonito akathandi ukuya ezinzulwini.
Udrako Lolwandle
Ngaphandle ifana nama-gobies, kepha inobuthi. Ameva ekhanda nasezinhlangothini ayingozi. Lezi ezingenhla zifana nomqhele. Njengabaphathi abanonya, udrako uluma okungafuneki. Ukuhlangana nenhlanzi kungaholela ekukhubazekeni kwezitho. Kulokhu, lo muntu uhlupheka ngenxa yezinhlungu.
Imvamisa abadobi bahlushwa ukubulawa udrako. Isakhamuzi sasolwandle esinoshevu singena enetheni, futhi lapho izilwane kufanele zikhishwe. Akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi ukwenza lokhu ngokucophelela.
Sekukonke, izinhlobo zezinhlanzi eziyi-160 zihlala noma zibhukuda uLwandle Olumnyama. Cishe i-15 yazo ibaluleke kakhulu kwezohwebo. Eminyakeni engama-40 edlule, izinhlanzi eziningi ebezihlala eduze nogu ziye zangena ekujuleni.
Izazi zezinto eziphilayo ziyabona isizathu sokungcola kwamanzi angajulile ngokugeleza, umanyolo ovela emasimini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi asogwini alinywa ngenkuthalo yizikebhe zokuzijabulisa nezikebhe zokudoba.
