Izinyoni ezihlala emaxhaphozini, incazelo yazo kanye nezici zazo
Sekuyisikhathi eside amaxhaphozi evusa kubantu umuzwa wokukhathazeka okungacacile, ngisho nokwesaba okuthuthumela, okufana kancane nokwesaba okuyinkolelo-ze. Futhi lokhu kulula ukukuchaza, ngoba izindawo ezinjalo zihlala zithathwa njengezindawo eziyingozi nezisongela impilo ngesizathu.
Kunezindawo ezanele emhlabeni ezingafinyeleleki kubantu, lapho kukhona ukuvuvukala okunjalo namabhokisi angaweleki, afihliwe ngamehlo notshani obulewe emehlweni, okuthi uma isihambi esilahlekile, ngentando yesiphetho, senzeka sisesimweni esibi, isigubhu esikhohlisayo sizomhudulela phansi ngokushesha okukhulu.
Kukhona amaxhaphozi amaningi eBelarus nase-Ukraine. Ensimini yaseYurophu eRussia, iningi lamaxhaphozi lisezindaweni ezisenkabeni nasenyakatho. Isifunda saseMoscow sidume ngabo. Izindawo ezifanayo zisabalele entshonalanga yeSiberia enkulu, naseKamchatka.
Ngokombono wesayensi, izindawo ezingamaxhaphozi ziyizindawo ezihlukile lapho amanzi agelezayo noma amile aphuma emathunjini omhlaba adala umswakama owedlulele, othinta ukwakheka kwenhlabathi.
Esithombeni, inyoni i-moorhen
Ngenxa yezici zemvelo nesimo sezulu sendawo, amaxhaphozi aqoqana imvula yomoya futhi amunce amanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Konke lokhu kudala izimo zokuhlala kwabamele ezinamaphiko zomhlaba kulezo zindawo, futhi izinyoni zexhaphozi ilungiswe ngokuphelele ukuhlala enhlotsheni yemvelo engafanele kakhulu abantu.
I-Bittern
Amaxhaphozi awangesabisi nje kuphela, kepha akhanga futhi aheha abantu ngemfihlakalo yabo engaxazululiwe. Isibonelo, abantu basendulo babekholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi amaxhaphozi ayindawo yezinhlobo eziningi zemimoya nemimoya emibi.
Ukwakhiwa kwezinganekwane nezinganekwane kwasizwa kakhulu ngamazwi ashicilelwe izinyoni, Abahlala emaxhaphozini... Esinye salezi zidalwa ezingaqondakali ezinamaphiko kwakuyi-bittern. Imvamisa ukucula kwakhe ngokuthula kucaca kahle kusihlwa noma ebusuku.
Imvamisa, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, lezi zingoma ezihlukile zifana nomsindo omfishane omkhulu; kwesinye isikhathi le nyoni ikhipha imisindo yokushoshozela, okwakubizwa ngayo njengenkunzi yamanzi noma i-boogeyman.
Izidalwa ezinjalo eziyimfihlakalo, ezimele umndeni we-heron, zihlala eduze amaxhaphozi namachibi, izinyoni ziyakwazi ukuncibilika ngokoqobo emahlathini emhlanga, zinweba ikhanda nentamo yazo zibe ulayini lapho umuntu esondela, ngenkathi zifana nezicubu zotshani bomswakama. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuzibona, ngisho nokubabheka ebangeni eliseduze.
Ngaphandle, lezi zidalwa ezinesayizi encane azibukeki, zinamathambo futhi aziqhamuki, okuwuphawu lobubi phakathi kwabantu abaningi. Ukubukeka kwazo kuyesabisa kakhulu lapho izinyoni, zethukile, zelula amaphiko azo agobeke uhhafu, zolula izintamo zazo phambili, ukuthi ngisho nezilwane ezidla ezinye zibalekela lesi sihlava esingenangqondo.
Futhi hhayi ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwesizathu, ngoba ngokwemvelo i-bittern iyisidalwa esibi kakhulu, futhi ngeke kube kuhle ngesitha uma, ngokuzivikela, sinquma ukumshaya ngoqhwaku olubukhali, olunezinhlangothi.
Amatshwele we-bittern anamehlo abukhali, akhipha ukukhala, ukukhala nokukhala kwemisindo, kunzima kakhulu, kunamathambo futhi kubi. Ububanzi bezinyoni ezinjalo bukhulu impela, busakazeka eYurophu buqhubekele phambili, kuze kufike esiQhingini saseSakhalin.
Inyoni ebabayo
Snipe
Imisindo engajwayelekile, efana nokukhala kwewundlu, yenziwa yinyoni e-snipe, etholakala ogwini olunamanzi emizimba yamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthombo wazo izimpaphe zomsila ezidlidlizayo lapho zindiza ngaphansi kwengcindezi yomoya.
Ngenkathi yokukhwelana, abesilisa, abakhuphukela phezulu, bacwila phansi kakhulu, okuyisizathu salesi sici. Indiza yalokhu inyoni ekhalayo evela exhaphozini iqala ngokugquma okungazwakali.
Ngemuva kwalokho, izinyoni ziyaluzisa emoyeni ngendlela e-zigzag isikhathi esithile, okudala izinkinga ezingangabazeki kubazingeli abazama ukushaya lelo litshe. Ukuvela kwale nyoni encane kungaphezu kokungajwayelekile, futhi kuhlukaniswa ikakhulukazi uqhwaku lwayo olude, olungamasentimitha amahlanu, yize izidalwa ezinjalo zilingana nenkukhu kuphela, futhi zinesisindo esingaba ngu-150 g.
Umbala walezi zidalwa ezinemilenze emincane uhlukaniswa ngokuhluka okukhanyayo futhi kugcwele imibala ensundu, emhlophe nomnyama. Izinyoni ezinjalo zihlala eRussia, cishe kuyo yonke insimu yayo, ngaphandle kweKamchatka nezifunda ezisenyakatho, kepha ebusika ziya emazweni afudumele.
Ukuthwebula inyoni
I-Plover
Lezi zindawo azidumile ngokunotha kwezimbali. Izindawo ezinjalo, njengomthetho, zigcwele ubulembu obuningi, obukhula kanye nobulembu amaxhaphozi. Inyoni, ukwakha izidleke kuma-moss, imvamisa kuvela ukuthi uyathandeka. Imvamisa uhlela indawo yokuhlala amatshwele esikhathi esizayo phansi emigodini emincane, afake izidleke ngokhuni ukuze athole induduzo.
I-plover ifihla isidleke sayo ekuhloleni amehlo ngobuciko, ukuze icishe ihlangane ngokuphelele nezwe elizungezile. Lezi zinyoni, zikhulu kancane kunenkanyezi, zinezimpaphe ezihlakaniphile, ezinsundu ngokumpunga.
Banomlomo omfushane, bakhipha izingoma ezinamakhwela, bandiza kahle futhi bagijime ngokushesha emilenzeni yabo emincane, kude nemilenze emincane. Bachitha ihlobo enyakatho yeYurophu nase-Asia, kuthi ebusika baye eningizimu befuna imfudumalo.
Ama-Plovers amele iqembu lama-waders, ngalinye lamalungu anezimpaphe anezici zawo, ahlukile ngokubukeka nangendlela yokuphila. Ezinye zazo, kufaka phakathi izinyoni, ehlala exhaphozini.
Ixhaphozi lenyoni
Isigaxa sexhaphozi
Le nyoni icishe ilingane nejuba, kodwa ibonakala inkulu ngenxa yentambo yayo ende, uqhwaku nemilenze. Lezi zidalwa zihlukaniswa izimpaphe eziphuzi ngokubomvu.
Bafika emaxhaphozini asenyakatho bevela ebusika phakathi nentwasahlobo, bebuyela minyaka yonke endaweni efanayo, abangayiguqula kuphela ngenxa yokoma kwesiza nezinye izimo ezinzima.
Ukunakekelwa ngokweqile kwamachwane, ngokwemvelo abekwa ama-waders, kuvame ukuba yimbangela yokufa kwamantshontsho, okudala inkinga kubazali. Indoda eyethukile, izama ukwethusa izivakashi ezingafuneki esidlekeni, ikhaphela indawo yayo.
Izinyoni zithakazelisa kakhulu abazingeli ngenxa yenyama yazo emnandi, ethambile, edale ukubhujiswa kwesizukulwane sonke sezinyoni ezinjalo.
Esithombeni kukhona i-swamp sandpiper
Idada lexhaphozi
Amaxhaphozi, ngokusho kososayensi, afanelekile ukuhlala kwabamele abaningi bombuso wezinyoni, abazizwa bekhululekile endaweni echazwe, kade bakhetha izindawo ezinjalo izithombe zezinyoni zexhaphozi kungenzeka ukukuqinisekisa lokhu).
Yize imvelo, indawo ebazungezile, ikakhulukazi izimbali, ihluke kakhulu. Amahlathi ahlala kancane ngamaxhaphozi, njengomthetho, ayaphela, futhi izinhlobo eziningi zezihlahla zithathelwa indawo ezithanda umswakama.
Kuyiqiniso, ezindaweni ezinjalo, izihlahla zikaphayini ezimila kancane futhi ziyasakazeka kahle, izinhlobo ezithile zama-birches, ama-spruces neminyezane ziyakhula. Ngokuya ngobungako bokuthi indawo iba manzi kangakanani, izinhlobo zayo zezitshalo zikhula lapho.
I-Sedge nomhlanga zikhula emigodini yasentabeni. Amaxhaphozi nawo adume ngokuba khona kwamavithamini abalulekile, acebile, amajikijolo: ama-blueberries, ama-cranberries, ama-cloudberries nabanye. Izinyoni eziningi zondla ngazo, kanye neziqu ezinamanzi ezitshalweni. Phakathi kwazo kukhona amadada asendle - ixhaphozi lezinyoni.
Izinyoni ezinjalo, ezijwayeleke kakhulu eNyakatho Nenkabazwe, zinomzimba obanzi osikiwe, uqhwaku olucabalele futhi zidume ngokuba khona kwezingqimba ezidladleni zazo, ezizisiza kakhulu ukuthi zihambe ngempumelelo endaweni yasemanzini. Imvamisa, egijima emanzini, amadada ashaya amaphiko awo ngomsindo. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ngale ndlela, lezi zidalwa zihlanza izimpaphe.
Idada lexhaphozi
Isikhova esinamalebe amafushane
Inyoni enjalo futhi ayikuphikisi ukudla amajikijolo amasha, kodwa incamela ukuzingela amagundane amancane ebusuku: amagundane, ama-voles, ama-hamsters nama-jerboas.
Ifuna isisulu sayo, isikhova sindiza phezulu ngaphezu komhlaba, futhi lapho sikhethe inyamazane yaso, siyashesha siyisuse ngezinzipho zaso eziqinile. Le yinyoni engathuli kangako, kepha futhi iyakwazi ukugcwalisa ukuthula ngemisindo ehlukile.
Iyiphi inyoni esexhaphozini ukuklabalasa, ukukhonkotha nokugaxa? Isikhova senza lokhu, sigada isidleke saso. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, abantu bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane benza ikholi yokubizana. AmaCavaliers akhipha i-hoot ebuthuntu, futhi abesifazane bayananela ngokukhala okukhethekile.
Izinyoni ezinjalo azitholakali ezindaweni zaseYurophu kuphela, kodwa naseMelika. Ubude bomzimba wabo bungaphansi kancane kwesigamu semitha, izimpaphe zinombala ophuzi ngokunsundu, kuthi uqhwaku lumnyama. Izinyoni zisabalele indawo enkulu, ziningi kakhulu futhi azidingi ukuvikelwa.
Inyoni yesikhova esifushane
Ipartridge emhlophe
Lesi sidalwa esinezimpaphe, esihlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, phakathi kwama-birch amancane, ama-willows nama-tundra amajikijolo, ngokuqinisekile athanda amajikijolo ommbila. Ipartridge emhlophe iyinyoni entekenteke enekhanda elincane namehlo; umlomo ombozwe izimpaphe nemilenze emifushane.
Ehlobo, amabala ansundu anombala ophuzi avela ezinhlakeni zawo ezimhlophe qwa, futhi amashiya ale nyoni aba nombala ogqamile obomvu ogqamile. Ngobunzima obufinyelela ku-700 g, i-ptarmigan iheha abazingeli ngenyama yayo enomsoco.
Kuthwetshulwe iptarmigan
UHeron
Ososayensi ngaphandle kwesizathu babheka ukwakheka kwezindawo ezingamaxhaphozi kuwusizo kakhulu, bewabiza ngokuthi "amaphaphu" eplanethi. Zinciphisa okuqukethwe yi-carbon dioxide emkhathini futhi zivimbela umphumela wokushisa, okudlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zezolimo, zibambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwemifula.
Konke lokhu kunomthelela ekwakheni i-microclimate ethile ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi. Isibonelo, kuthathwa ngokufanele njengezindlovukazi amaxhaphozi nezinqolobane, izinyoni izindwandwe, zigxila ngokuphelele ezindaweni ezinjalo, akuyona ingozi.
Ngemuva kwakho konke, amahlathi aminyene, ama-sedge kanye nezihlahla asebenza njengokufihla okuhle futhi abavikele ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaxhaphozi ahlala egcwele amaxoxo, okusho ukuthi ukudla kwezinyoni ezithanda lokhu kudla, kanye nezinhlanzi, kuhlala kunikezwa.
Indwandwe ingabizwa ngokuthi inyoni enhle, uma kungengenxa yokunyakaza okungama-angular nokuma okuxakile lapho yayivame ukuba yiqhwa khona. Kepha emaxhaphozini, umusa akuyona into ebaluleke kakhulu, kepha esimweni esinjalo lezi zidalwa zingadideka nge-knag knag, ewusizo kakhulu ngokombono wokuphepha.
Izindwandwe zihamba ngokukhululeka emanzini emilenzeni yazo emide, futhi zizizwa zizinhle emibhedeni yomhlanga. Kuyiqiniso, imisindo abayenzayo, efana nokumemeza kothile noma ukubhonga, akuyona eyomculo ngokuphelele.
Esithombeni kukhona inyoni ye-heron
Unogolantethe
Izinyoni eziningi ezihambayo ziba nezici eziningana zezici: izintamo ezinde ezincanyana nemilenze, noqhwaku olukhulu. Izici ezinjalo zisiza ukungabi manzi ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi zomzimba wabo, ezihlala ziphakeme ngaphezu komhlaba. Umlomo omude uyakwazi ukunikeza ukudla okufanelekile.
Onogolantethe - izinyoni ezinkulu ezinamaphiko avulekile ahlulwe ngokujulile alula izintamo zawo phambili lapho zindiza - zingezoluhlobo lwezinyoni. Zisabalele emhlabeni wonke, zitholakala emazweni anezimo ezishisayo nezibandayo.
Ku-stork wesithombe
I-Grane crane
Lezi zinyoni nazo ziyaneliseka impela ngempilo esemaxhaphozini, kanti ama-cranes ampunga ahlala ngempumelelo ezindaweni zawo ezingamaxhaphozi ezingaphezulu. Zizinze ezindaweni ezinjalo, izinyoni zizama ukuzivikela empucukweni ethuthukayo kuyo yonke imikhakha.
Futhi amaxhaphozi angangeneki afihla izinyoni emehlweni abantu. Ama-cranes, njengoba ungaqagela egameni, anezimpaphe ezimpunga, kuphela ezinye zezimpaphe ezimnyama. Ubukhulu bezinyoni buhlaba umxhwele impela, kanti abanye abantu bafinyelela amamitha amabili ngosayizi.
Ama-cranes ayathandeka ngemidanso yabo. Imidanso yesiko inikezwa, ngababili noma ngamaqembu, futhi ngokubodwa, kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Ukunyakaza okunjalo kuvezwa ngokugxuma nokushaya amaphiko, ukugijima kuma-zigzags nasesiyingini, kanye naku-gait elinganisiwe ngokubukeka okubalulekile.
I-Grane crane
I-Teterev
Ngezikhathi ezithile, amaxhaphozi avakashelwa ngabamele umndeni wama-pheasant: i-black grouse ne-capercaillie, eqhutshwa yisifiso sokudla amajikijolo amnandi akhula kule ndawo.
Kubazingeli basenkabeni yeRussia, lezi zinyoni bezilokhu ziyizisulu ezithandwa kakhulu. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zezinyoni ziyafana, kepha kumuntu onolwazi akunzima ukuzihlukanisa.
Isisindo somzimba we-grouse emnyama singaphezu nje kwekhilogremu. Izimpaphe zezinyoni ezinjalo zimnyama kakhulu ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka namabala amhlophe ezimpikweni. Izinyoni zihlukaniswa ngomsila ofana nehabhu.
Zivame ukutholakala ezihlahleni ze-birch nasezindaweni ezinamahlathi, zigcwele izihlahla, ezisezigodini imifula namaxhaphozi, izinyoni uma zihlala emahlathini, aziminyene kakhulu. Izinyoni azizithandi izindiza ezihamba amabanga amade, kepha uma kunesidingo noma uma kunokushoda kokudla, zingahamba amakhilomitha ayishumi emoyeni.
Inyoni emnyama (insikazi)
Izinkuni grouse
Inyoni enkulu enobude obuyimitha elilodwa, enesisindo esingaba ngu-5 kg, enombala wezimpaphe omnyama onsundu kanye nesifuba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esinombala oluhlaza, kanye nomsila oyindilinga. Uthanda ukuhlala emahlathini aseduze namaxhaphozi, lapho engadli khona amajikijolo kuphela, kodwa nezinaliti.
Ama-grouse ezinkuni, asindayo ngokwanda, achitha iningi lempilo yawo phansi, alala ezihlahleni kuphela. Cishe abazi ukuthi bangandiza kanjani, banqobe amamitha angekho ngaphezu kweshumi emoyeni.
Esithombeni kukhona inyoni okuthiwa i-capercaillie
I-parrot macaw eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nephuzi
Izindawo eziningi ezingamaxhaphozi zitholakala eNyakatho Nenkabazwe, kodwa futhi zikhona ngakolunye uhlangothi lomhlaba. Isibonelo, emhlabeni, indawo ebanzi kunayo yonke yamathafa anjalo ingumgogodla woMfula i-Amazon.
Izinyoni eziningi zihlala lapho, omunye wabamele abaqhakaze kunabo bonke yipholi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ephuzi, okushiwo izinyoni zamaxhaphozi nolwandle lomfula omkhulu futhi omkhulu. Izinyoni eziyinqaba kanjalo zindiza kamnandi, futhi izimpaphe zazo ezibambekayo zibenza bangabonakali uma kuqhathaniswa nohlaza olukhanyayo lwendawo.
Opholi basendle ngabantu futhi bahlala emihlambini emikhulu, ehlangana lapho kuqala ukuhwalala ezindaweni zobusuku. Futhi ekuseni kakhulu uyofuna ukudla, umemeza kakhulu endaweni ezungezile.
I-Parrot blue macaw nephuzi
Flamingo
Inyoni enjalo ivame ukwakha izidleke emaxhaphozini kasawoti osebeni lwamachibi. Isisindo salezi zidalwa ezinhle ezinomusa ezihlala eYurophu, e-Afrika nase-Asia zivame ukufika ku-4 kg. Ama-flamingo abomvu anezintambo nemilenze emide, futhi anezimpaphe ezikhanyayo ezikhanyayo. Ngaphandle komusa wazo, lezi zidalwa zinzima kakhulu ukuziphakamisa.
Bahlukana ngokungathandi futhi kuphela ezimweni lapho besengozini enkulu. Zibaleka isikhathi eside, kepha lapho zibaleka zingumbono ohlaba umxhwele, zibukeka zizinhle ikakhulukazi esibhakabhakeni esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
IFlamingo esithombeni
I-Marsh harrier
Ama-loonies akhetha amaxhaphozi, kanye nezindawo ezinothe ngezilwane zasemanzini. Ngaphambi kokubuka komuntu ozama ukucabanga indawo yezithintelo, indawo enamaxhaphozi kanye namaxhaphozi omhlanga ngokushesha idonswa.
Esithombeni, i-swamp harrier
Umalusi mfana
Umalusi, noma njengoba ebizwa nangokuthi, umalusi wamanzi, uyinyoni encane yamanzi yomndeni wabelusi ehlala ikakhulukazi emaxhaphozini nasezindlini zamanzi. Ifakiwe kuRed Data Books zamanye amazwe ngenxa yesibalo esiphansi kakhulu kulezi zindawo.
Umalusi wamanzi wezinyoni
UWarbler
Izindawo ezingamaxhaphozi ezinamanzi amile noma ahambayo, amahlathi aminyene ayindawo ekahle yokuhlalisa izimpi. Naphezu kwenani elikhulu labantu, usuku naye ehlane luyivelakancane.
Esithombeni, inyoni ye-warbler
