Phakathi kwabagawuli bezinkuni kukhona omunye wabamele abakhulu kakhulu futhi ngasikhathi sinye abanamahloni abazalwane baseYurophu, abashaya ngombala wezimpaphe zawo umuthi wokhuni oluhlaza okotshani.
Iqiniso lokuthi usehlathini kufakazelwa ukucula kwakhe kakhulu kanye nemigodi emikhulu ezihlahleni, inyoni egubha ngomlomo wayo. Ukuze kutholakale imigodi enjalo, umlomo kufanele uqine futhi ubukhali ngokwanele.
Ngezinga elikhulu inyoni yokhuni oluhlaza okotshani uthanda ukucula ehlathini entwasahlobo. Sonke kudala sawazi umsindo walezi zinyoni. Kepha bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi ngosizo lwalokhu kungqongqoza bayaxhumana. Imisindo yabanqolampi bokhula iba nzima kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhwelana.
Lalela izwi likakhokho wokhuni oluhlaza okotshani
Ukuze imisindo icace futhi izwakale, abagawuli bezinkuni bashaya amagatsha ezihlahla ezomile ngemilomo yawo eqinile. Le milomo efanayo isiza izinyoni ukuba zizitholele ukudla ebusika, etholakala ekujuleni kweqhwa.
Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo isihlahla somuthi oluhlaza
Umqali wokhuni oluhlaza ungowomndeni wokhula wesihlahla kanye nokuhleleka kwabagawuli bezinkuni. Ngokuphathelene izincazelo zesihlahla somuthi oluhlaza, khona-ke inyoni ifinyelela ku-25-35 cm ubude, isisindo sayo esimaphakathi sisuka ku-150 kuye ku-250 g namaphiko angama-40-45 cm.
Isici esivelele sezinyoni umbala wezimpaphe, konke kumathoni aluhlaza. Okuphezulu kwawo kungumnqumo omningi, kanti ingxenye engezansi yomzimba iluhlaza okotshani. Phezulu kwekhanda nangemuva kwekhanda lenyoni, izimpaphe ezibomvu ezifana nekepisi ziyagadla.
Izimpaphe ezingaphambili ezizungeze uqhwaku namehlo anombala omnyama. Uqhwaku lwale nyoni luyimpunga, kanti olwe-mandible luphuzi. Iris yamehlo aphuzi-mhlophe. Ngaphansi komlomo kunezimpaphe ezifana namadevu.
Ngombala wabo, ungahlukanisa isihlahla somuthi esihlaza okotshani sesifazane kusuka kowesilisa. Abesifazane banezimpondo ezimnyama, kuyilapho abesilisa benombala omnyama uhlanjululwe ngombala obomvu. Umqhumbuzi unezinzwani ezine, ezimbili zazo ziqondiswe phambili nezimbili emuva. Zisiza ukugcina inyoni ime mpo esihlahleni. Kulokhu, umsila wokhuni oluhlaza okotshani, oqukethe izimpaphe ezilukhuni, usebenza njengomshwalense.
Vuliwe isithombe ukhuni oluhlaza okotshani ihlangana nesithombe sonke sehlathi. Kuphela ikepisi lakhe elibomvu elincane eligqamayo, elikhazimulayo nelitangazayo. Ngenxa yale cap kuphela lapho le nyoni ibonakala khona ngemibala eluhlaza yehlathi.
Intshonalanga yezwekazi lase-Eurasia, iNyakatho ye-Iran, iTranscaucasia, iTurkey, iScandinavia, iScotland yizindawo lapho le nyoni ingatholakala khona. Zikhona naseRussia nase-Ukraine. Ezinye iziqhingi zoLwandle iMedithera, iMacaronesia ne-Ireland nazo ziyizindawo eziyintandokazi zabagawuli bezinkuni abaluhlaza.
Lezi zinyoni zithanda ukuhlala emapaki, ezingadini nasemahlathini ahlabayo. Amahlathi e-Coniferous futhi axubekile awafuni ukunambitheka kwawo. Abagawuli bezinkuni abahlaza bathokomele kakhulu endaweni evulekile, emahlathini e-alder, emahlathini e-oki, emihosheni yehlathi engasemngceleni.
AmaCoppices, imiphetho yehlathi kanye neziqhingana zehlathi yizindawo lapho lezi zinyoni zingatholakala kaningi khona. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kumqali wokhuni oluhlaza lapho isidleke ukuba khona kwezintuthwane ezinkulu, ngoba izintuthwane ziyisibiliboco sabo esiyintandokazi kumaSami.
Abakhiqizi bezinkuni abaluhlaza basebenza kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Lokhu njalo kwehla ekuqaleni kwenkathi yasentwasahlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi uvame ukuzwa kakhulu izwi lomqali wokhuni oluhlaza, ephelezelwa ukukhala kwakhe ngezikhathi ezithile nezindiza zokukhwela. Iyinyoni ehlala phansi. Uma kwenzeka ephoqeleka ukuba afuduke, amabanga amafushane kakhulu.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila kokhuni oluhlaza okotshani
Ungazindla ngalezi zinyoni unyaka wonke. Uthanda ukuhlala ezihlahleni ezinde kunazo zonke emapaki, kepha ungambona nasematheni amakhulu. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, abagawuli bezinkuni abaluhlaza bangathuthela ezindaweni ezivulekile.
Lezi zinyoni azichithi isikhathi sonke esihlahleni. Ezimweni ezivamile, zehlela phansi ukuze zifunisise ehlathini bese zizimbambela ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baphula kalula iziphunzi ezibolile futhi babhubhise iziduli ezinkulu ngenhloso efanayo, ukuze bazitholele ukudla.
Le nyoni inamahloni kakhulu futhi iyaqapha, ngakho-ke cishe akunakwenzeka ukuyibona iseduze. Kuzwakala kuphela, imvamisa entwasahlobo. Bancamela ukuhola indlela yokuphila efihliwe, ikakhulukazi lapho izingane zisesidlekeni.
Abagawuli bezinkuni abaluhlaza bahamba ngokugxuma nangokundiza. Abagawuli bezinkuni abaluhlaza bakhetha ukuphila impilo yabo bodwa. Bakha umbhangqwana kuphela phakathi nenkathi yokukhwelana nokuvuthwa kwenzalo yabo.
Izinyoni zakha izidleke ezihlahleni ezindala, futhi zihlala kuzo isikhathi eside. Uma benesifiso sokushintsha indawo abahlala kuyo, isidleke esisha asikho ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-500 ukusuka kwendala.
Ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe inyanga ukuba abagawuli bezinkuni bakhe ikhaya. Isikhala sale nyoni singabonakala ebangeni eliphakeme lamamitha amabili kuya kwayi-12 kumnyezane, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kupoplar, birch naku-beech. Izinyoni zindiza ngamagagasi, zishaya amaphiko azo lapho zisuka.
Njengomphumela womsebenzi obalulekile wabantu abagawula amahlathi futhi basebenzise izibulala-zinambuzane, inani lalezi zinyoni lehliswe kakhulu, ngakho-ke umuthi wokhuni oluhlaza okotshani okubalwe ku- Incwadi Ebomvu.
Ukudla isihlahla somuthi oluhlaza
Ukuze bazitholele ukudla, abagawuli bezinkuni abaluhlaza behlela phansi, kulokhu bahluke kakhulu kozakwabo. Bathanda izintuthwane neziphungumangathi zabo.
Ukuze kukhishwe lokhu kudla okumnandi, basizwa ngolimi olukhulu nolungu-10 cm ubude, olwandise ukunamathela. Bathanda ikakhulukazi izintuthwane ezibomvu. Ngaphezu kwezintuthwane, kusetshenziswa imisundu, izimbungulu ezincane ezahlukahlukene kanye nezibungu.
Umqali wokhuni oluhlaza wasebusika ukhipha ukudla kwakhe ngaphansi kweqhwa. Uma engatholi lutho, akenqabi ukudla amajikijolo, isibonelo, i-rowan. Kwesinye isikhathi umuthi wokhuni angadla umnenke ngisho nesirhubuluzi esincane. Kuyathakazelisa ukubuka ukuthi lezi zinyoni zizingela kanjani izintuthwane.
Bacekela phansi intuthwane endaweni eyodwa bese belinda izakhamuzi ezikhathazekile ukuthi zivele ngaphezulu. Ngokushesha nje lapho zivela, kusetshenziswa ulimi lwenyoni ende, eziheha ngazo inyamazane. Ngemuva kokusutha, inyoni iyasuswa, kepha isikhathi siyahamba bese ibuyela endaweni efanayo ukuphinda ukudla kwayo. Abagawuli bezinkuni abahlaza bangabathandi bokudla.
Ukuze bondle amaphuphu abo, abazali abaveli esidlekeni kaningi kakhulu. Baqongelela ukudla ku-goiter, okusuka lapho bekuphindisela kancane kancane ezinganeni. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni ezivamile, isidleke sabo kubonakala sengathi asihlali neze.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila somqambi wokhuni oluhlaza okotshani
Kuyathakazelisa ukubuka lezi zinyoni ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, lapho kwakhiwa ngazimbili zazo. Ngokufika kwentwasahlobo ehlathini, ungezwa kakhulu izwi likakhuni oluhlaza okotshani... Ngakho-ke, zizama ukudonsela ukunaka kwabesifazane abazithandayo.
Ukucula kwenzeka ngoMashi-Ephreli. Owesifazane, onentshisekelo, naye uqala ukucula izingoma zakhe ephendula. Ngesikhathi sokubizwa okunjalo, umbhangqwana uhamba kancane ukuze usondelane.
Lapho zihlangana, zitholakala egatsheni eliseduze komunye nomunye bese ziqala ukuthinta ngemilomo yazo. Ukusuka ngaphandle, ukuqabula kwezinyoni okunjalo kubukeka kumnandi futhi kuthandana. Konke lokhu kusikisela ukuthi izinyoni zakha umbhangqwana. Isinyathelo esilandelayo sabathandi ababili ukuthola ikhaya labo nezingane ezizayo. Kwenzeka ukuthi izinyoni zibe nenhlanhla futhi zingasitholi isidleke somuntu esidala esishiyiwe.
Uma lokhu kungenzeki, owesilisa unakekela ngokuphelele isidleke somndeni. Wakha isidleke umuthi wokhuni oluhlaza okotshani ngokuzikhandla okukhulu. Kuthatha isikhathi esiningi. Kwesinye isikhathi insikazi iyamsiza kulokhu, kepha ngokungabaza okukhulu.
Kuyamangaza ukuthi ngosizo lomlomo wakhe, owesilisa angakwazi ukugaya isidleke ngokujula ngamasentimitha angama-50. Ngaphakathi kwendawo yokuhlala kokhula oluhlaza okotshani kumbozwe ungqimba lothuli. Lapho isidleke sesilungile ngababili bezinkuni eziluhlaza okotshani, kufika umzuzu obaluleke kakhulu - ukubeka amaqanda. Imvamisa kunezicucu ezi-5 kuye kwezi-7. Zimhlophe ngombala.
Kokubili owesilisa nowesifazane bayabandakanyeka ekuchamuseleni inzalo. Bayashintsha njalo emahoreni amabili. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-14, kuzalwa amaphuphu anqunu futhi angenakuzisiza. Kusukela kwimizuzu yokuqala yokuphila kwabo, bakhombisa ukulamba futhi badinga ukudla.
Umsebenzi wabazali manje ukondla izingane. Lokhu, nakho, konke kwenziwa ndawonye. Abazali bayashintshana ngokondla izingane zabo, kuthi izingane zona zikhule ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, amaphuphu ashiya isidleke ngokuzimela, ahlale ehlangeni ahlole umhlaba obazungezile, okuyinto entsha kubo. Ngasikhathi sinye, baqala ukungena ephikweni bese benza izindiza zabo zokuqala ezimfushane kakhulu. Isizukulwane esisha sabagawuli bokhuni oluhlaza singahlukaniswa ngombala ophawuliwe entanyeni nasesifubeni.
Lapho amaphuphu enezinsuku ezingama-25 ubudala, ayashiya esidlekeni, kodwa asesondele nabazali bawo isikhathi eside, cishe izinyanga ezimbili. Ngemuva kwalokho, umndeni wabagawuli bezinkuni obuluhlaza uyahlakazeka futhi ngamunye wabo uqala impilo ezimele, engahlobene, ubude bayo obuyiminyaka eyi-7 ngokwesilinganiso.
