Leli bhere libukeka lifana nethoyizi, yize ubukhulu balo bungewona neze amathoyizi. Naphezu kwakho konke ukungahambi kahle kwawo nentelezi eqondile, leli teddy bear alilula kangako. Kunzima ukuthola isidalwa esiyimfihlo futhi esingaqondakali. Thatha iqiniso lokuthi wakwazi ukuhlala ekusithekeni kuze kube yingxenye yesibili yekhulu le-19 futhi isikhathi eside kakhulu wahola ososayensi ngekhala. Labo, kuze kube muva nje, babebhekwa njenge-raccoon enkulu.
I-panda enkulu noma enkulu, ubuye abe noqalo, ubuye abe yipanda elibonakalayo - ingcebo kazwelonke yaseChina kanye nelogo yeWorld Wildlife Fund.
Incazelo yepanda
I-panda enkulu iyinhlobo yesilwane esincelisayo esivela emndenini webhere, ukuhleleka kwezinto ezidla inyama - yachazwa okokuqala ngu-Armand David kuphela ngo-1869... E-China, abantu bendawo babazi ngaleli bhere elingajwayelekile kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo futhi balibiza ngokuthi "Bei Shuang", okusho ukuthi "ibhere elisendaweni emhlophe" ngesiShayina. Leli bhere elimnyama nelimhlophe futhi linelinye igama lesiShayina - "ibhere-ikati".
Kepha, uma abantu bendawo bengangabazi ukuthi ipanda ibhere, ososayensi bebengavumelani ngazwi linye. Babenamahloni ngokwakhiwa kwamazinyo ngebhere kanye nomsila omude kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, cishe ikhulu leminyaka, ipanda laliphutha njenge-raccoon, enkulu kakhulu, kodwa, nokho, i-raccoon.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-pandas aziwa eMhlabeni - amakhulu nezincane. Enkulu ibhere, kanti encane iyi-canine.
Kuphela ngo-2008, ngokusebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kofuzo okuqhathaniswayo, ososayensi bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi ipanda elikhulu yibhere nokuthi isihlobo salo esiseduze kakhulu ibhere elibukekayo elihlala eNingizimu Melika.
Isazi se-paleontologist sase-Australia u-E. Tennius, esefunde kahle izinkomba zamakhemikhali, ezomzimba, ezenhliziyo nezinye izibonakaliso zepanda elikhulu, wafakazela ukuthi uyibhere ezinhlamvu eziyi-16, ezinhlamvini ezi-5 uyi-raccoon kanti ku-12 ungumuntu oyedwa futhi akafani nalutho, yena uqobo , i-panda enkulu - uqalo. Kamuva, ososayensi baseMelika benza esinye isiphetho esithandekayo: igatsha le-panda enkulu lihlukaniswe nolayini wamabhere ngenkathi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo - eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-18 edlule.
Ukubukeka
IPanda enkulu inesakhiwo nobukhulu obufana nebhere - umzimba oqinile (ubude - kufika ku-1.8 m, isisindo - kufika ku-160 kg), ikhanda eliyindilinga elikhulu nomsila omfushane. Kepha lokhu "ukufana" kwepanda kukhawulelwe, futhi "ukuzimela" kuyaqala.
Umbala ongajwayelekile wepanda elikhulu. Ngasohlangothini kubonakala sengathi ibhere lasezindaweni ezibandayo liya emkhosini wezilwane: wagqoka izibuko ezimnyama, ivesti, amagilavu, amasokisi futhi wafaka amahedfoni amaningi amnyama. Umfana omuhle!
Ochwepheshe namanje abasakwazi ukusho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi yini ebangele le "masquerade". Enye yezinguqulo ibila eqinisweni lokuthi umbala ongavamile ungokwemvelo yokufihla, ngoba ekuqaleni ibhere loqalo lalihlala phezulu ezintabeni zimbozwe yiqhwa. Futhi izindawo ezimnyama nezimhlophe ziyisifihla sakhe sokuhlangana nezithunzi zamatshe ambozwe yiqhwa.
I-baculum eyinqaba. I-Bakulum - ithambo lobudoda, elenziwe ngezicubu ezixhuma, alitholakali kuphela kwi-panda enkulu, kodwa nakwezinye izilwane ezincelisayo. Kepha kusibhere soqalo i-baculum iqondiswa emuva, hhayi phambili, njengamanye amabhere, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, inesimo esime njengo-S.
Amble. Amahlombe amakhulu nendawo ekhulisiwe yentamo, kuhambisana nemilenze yangemuva encishisiwe, kunika ibhere ngoqalo ukungaqondakali.
Imihlathi ekhethekile. Anamandla amakhulu, anemihlathi ebanzi futhi eyisicaba (ebanzi futhi ethambile kunamabhere ajwayelekile), lemihlathi ivumela ipanda elikhulu ukuba ligaye iziqu zoqalo ezinzima ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Kuyathakazelisa! Udonga lwesisu lwepanda elikhulu lunemisipha kakhulu, futhi amathumbu ambozwe ungqimba lwamafinyila - izimfanelo ezidingekayo zokubhekana nokudla okunzima okunamandla.
Izinyawo zangaphambili ezingavamile... Ipanda elikhulu linezinzwani eziyisithupha emilenzeni yalo yangaphambili. Ezinhlanu zazo zinamathela ndawonye, eyodwa iphumele eceleni futhi yaziwa ngokuthi "isithupha se-panda". Eqinisweni, lokhu akuwona umunwe, kepha uhlobo lwesikhumba esikhulayo, noma kunalokho, ithambo eliguquliwe, elenziwe ngemvelo ukusiza ibhere ukuthi libambe kangcono amahlumela oqalo ngesikhathi sokudla.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
I-panda enkulu ishubile kakhulu. Akajahile ukuzibonakalisa kubantu, wakhetha indlela yokuphila ecashile endle. Kwaphela isikhathi eside wakwazi ukungatsheli lutho ngaye. Futhi indoda yayazi okuncane ngaye. Izikhala zaqala ukugcwala lapho izinhlobo zebhebhe ezicishe zaphela zanakekelwa ngobuqotho futhi zaqala ukuzakhela izinqolobane zokonga. Ukulandela imikhuba yebhere yoqalo, manje esendimeni yakhe yokubona, le ndoda yafunda izinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo ngaye.
Ipanda elikhulu lihlezi futhi lihloniphekile. Iziphatha ezibalulekile, noma ngokuzikhukhumeza, ihamba kancane. Ngale kwalobu buhle bokuthula kunesimo sokwahlulela nokuthula. Kodwa ngisho nokuthula kwepanda kunemingcele. Futhi akekho okufanele avivinye ukubekezela kwabo - noma izihlobo, noma indoda.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ibhere yoqalo inikezwa umuzwa "wokuqina" ngezimo zayo. Ubonakala kaningi ehleli "njengasesitulweni" - encike emuva entweni ethile futhi ebeka inqina lakhe langaphambili onqenqemeni. Hhayi ibhere, kodwa inkosi yoqalo yangempela!
I-panda enkulu iyivila... Kubonakala sengathi ukungatatazeli kwepanda elikhulu kunqamula ebuvileni. Kunehlaya ngalesi silinganiso - bathi ipanda liyavilapha kangangokuba liyanqena ngisho nokuzala. Eqinisweni, ipanda linendawo yokugcina amandla eqinile ngenxa yokudla kwayo okusekelwe ezitshalweni ezinekhalori eliphansi.
Ukuthola okwanele, ipanda kufanele lidle cishe njalo - amahora ayi-10-12 ngosuku. Isikhathi esisele ulele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ipanda liyasebenza entathakusa nasebusuku, futhi emini uyalala, uzelula kwenye indawo emthunzini. Onke amandla atholwa yipanda elikhulu ekudleni, uwasebenzisela isisulu sakhe. Kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi ekuthunjweni, lapho ibhere loqalo lingenayo inkinga ngokudla, liziphatha ngokusebenzayo nangokudlalayo. Ingama ekhanda lakhe, i-somersault, ikhuphuke amagreyidi nezitebhisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukwenza ngenjabulo esobala, kujabulise wonke umuntu nemizwa yakhe.
Amabhere woqalo awafihli ubusika bonke... Ebusika, bamane bathuthele ezindaweni lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya liphakeme ngamazinga ambalwa.
Ama-pandas amakhulu angama-loners... Okuhlukile yisikhathi sokuzala, esifushane kakhulu kubo futhi senzeka njalo eminyakeni emibili. Isikhathi esisele ama-pandas avikela ukuhlala kwabo bodwa, aqaphe indawo yokuhlala kumakholwa - amanye amabhere woqalo.
Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuziphatha kubangelwa iqiniso lokuthi ama-panda amabili awakwazi ukondla kusayithi elilodwa. Ama-pandas amakhulu awabakhi, awenzi imingxunya ehlala njalo, akhetha izindawo zokuhlala zemvelo - imihume, izihlahla. AmaPanda angabhukuda, kepha awawathandi amanzi - acasha ngemvula, awangeni emfuleni, ngokungadingekile, futhi enqaba ukubhukuda echibini. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ama-pandas amakhulu yizilwane ezihlanzekile kakhulu.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- UBarabali, noma ibhere elimnyama
- Ibhere ensundu noma ejwayelekile
- Ibhere elimhlophe kakhulu
- I-Grizzly yisilo esesabeka kakhulu
Omama bePanda bamnene futhi bayanakekela... Babonakala bedlala namazinyane abo ukuzijabulisa. Kwesinye isikhathi bavusa abancane babo ukuze badlale nabo.
Ama-pandas amakhulu awaxoxi. Awukwazi ukuzwa izwi labo. Kwesinye isikhathi benza umsindo ofana nokukhala. Futhi akukho okukhombisa ukuthi esimweni sokujabula, leli bhere liyakwazi ukuvalela "amazwi". Uyakwazi "icilongo" ukuze ingilazi esemafasiteleni ithuthumele. Angakwazi futhi ukukhala njengenkomo futhi aze akhamise.
AmaPandas awanabutha... Bahlobana nabantu ngaphandle kokuhlukunyezwa, basheshe bakhumbule isidlaliso sabo futhi bathanjiswa kahle besebancane.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Endaweni engokwemvelo kuyo, isikhathi se-panda enkulu ayidluli eminyakeni engama-20. Kuma-zoo, kwesinye isikhathi beka amarekhodi okuphila isikhathi eside. Isibonelo, uMin-Ming wesifazane, ohlala eBoijing Zoo, waphila iminyaka engama-34.
Izinhlobo ezinkulu ze-panda
Kukhona ama-subspecies amabili epanda elikhulu:
- I-Ailuropoda melanoleuca - itholakala kuphela esifundazweni saseChina iSichuan futhi inombala ojwayelekile omnyama nomhlophe.
- I-Ailuropoda melanoleuca qinlingensis - yabelwa njengomxhaso ozimele kuphela ngo-2005. Uhlala ezintabeni zaseQinling, entshonalanga yeChina. Uyehluka ngosayizi omncane noboya obunsundu nomhlophe esikhundleni sobumnyama nomhlophe. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi lo mbala ungumphumela wokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kanye nezici zokudla kule ndawo.
Indawo yokuhlala
Endle, ipanda elikhulu litholakala kuphela eChina kuphela ezifundazweni zalo ezintathu - iGansu, iSichuan neShaanxi, futhi kuphela ezifundeni zabo ezinezintaba. Phambilini ama-panda amakhulu ayehlala hhayi kuphela ezintabeni, kodwa nasemathafeni. Kodwa ukusebenza ngamandla kwabantu nokugawulwa kwamahlathi kwenza lezi zilwane, ezikwazisa ukuba wedwa, zikhuphuke izintaba.
Okubalulekile! Namuhla, uhla oluphelele lwama-pandas amakhulu lungaphansi kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-30.
Njengezindawo zokuhlala, ama-pandas amakhulu akhetha amahlathi asezintabeni eziphakeme emithambekeni emikhulu lapho kukhona khona uqalo.
Ukudla kwepanda
Ama-panda amakhulu angabadli bezitshalo. Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi bangabaka-oda bezilwane ezidliwayo, ukudla kwabo kuqukethe ama-90% okudla kwezitshalo. Ngokuyinhloko, kungoqalo. Bayidla ngobuningi obukhulu. Umuntu omdala oyedwa ngosuku udinga okungenani u-30 kg woqalo ukuze adle.
I-panda enkulu ithola ama-calories alahlekile nezinye izitshalo nezithelo. Ithola ukudla kwamaprotheni ezinambuzaneni, amaqanda ezinyoni, izinhlanzi nasezilwaneni ezincelisayo ezincane. Ungakubalekeli ukubola.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ipanda elikhulu lizala kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili. Isikhathi sokulungela ukukhulelwa sithatha izinsuku ezintathu kuphela zentwasahlobo. Njengomthetho, kuzalwa izinyane elilodwa kuphela, kaningi livame ukubili, kepha okwesibili akuhlali kusinda. Uma sibheka ukuthi ama-pandas amakhulu avuthwa ngokocansi eneminyaka engu-4-6 ubudala, futhi aphile iminyaka engaphezudlwana kwengu-20, lapho-ke singaphetha ngokuthi isimo sokuzala kulesi silwane sibi, sibi kakhulu.
Ukumitha okukhulu kwe-panda kuthatha cishe izinyanga ezinhlanu. Ingane izalwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, ekuqaleni kwekwindla - iyimpumputhe, inoboya obuncane futhi incanyana. Isisindo somntwana osanda kuzalwa kumama we-panda omkhulu kangako sifinyelela ku-140 g. Ingane ayinalusizo ngokuphelele futhi ithembele ngokuphelele ezinkingeni zikamama nobisi lwayo. Ithole linamathele kunina izikhathi eziyi-14 ngosuku. Ukuthi sonke lesi sikhathi, noma elele, noma ngabe uyadla, akumvumeli umntanakhe aphume ezinqeni zakhe. Ngeminyaka yezinyanga ezimbili, ingane inesisindo esingu-4 kg, kuthi lapho isinezinyanga ezinhlanu ibe isithola u-10 kg.
Emavikini ama-3, amehlo ebhubesi avuleka, bese ekhula ngoboya, abe njengebhere woqalo. Ezinyangeni ezintathu ubudala, uthatha izinyathelo zakhe zokuqala ngaphansi kweso elibukhali likanina. Kepha kuphela ngemuva konyaka elunyulwe ebeleni lwebele. Futhi uzodinga ezinye izinyanga eziyisithupha ukuze akwazi ukuzimela ngokuphelele futhi aphile ngokuhlukile kunina.
Izitha zemvelo
Njengamanje, ipanda elikhulu alinazitha zemvelo, ngaphandle kwabantu. Umbala ongavamile webhere woqalo wadlala ihlaya elinonya kuye. Uboya bakhe buyabiza emakethe emnyama. Bathanda ukubamba lezi ziqhwaga ezinhle zama-zoo. Bahlale beheha izivakashi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
I-panda enkulu iyisilwane esisengozini yokuqothulwa esisohlwini lohlu olubomvu lwamazwe omhlaba... Cishe bangu-2 000 babo endle.
Namhlanje babaliwe bonke. Futhi bekunezikhathi, ikakhulukazi phakathi neminyaka yeCultural Revolution, lapho zonke izinhlelo zokongiwa kwalesi silwane esingajwayelekile zancishiswa kwathi ama-panda amakhulu adutshulwa ngokungalawuleki ngenxa yoboya obuyigugu.
Ubuntu babuyela ezingqondweni zabo ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21 futhi babebambe iqhaza ekusindiseni ibhere loqalo. E-China, kwethulwe isigwebo sentambo ngokubulala kwakhe, izinqolobane ziyakhiwa. Kepha inkinga ukuthi ipanda enkulu yaziwa ngomsebenzi wayo ophansi wezocansi nokuthi izala kabi ekuthunjweni. Wonke ama-panda amakhulu azalelwa e-zoo aba yinkanyezi.
Kuyathakazelisa! E-China, ibhele loqalo kumenyezelwa ukuthi liyigugu likazwelonke. Futhi ngakho-ke umlimi wendawo owadubula ipanda elikhulu ngo-1995 wathola udilikajele.
Njengamanje, ama-pandas amakhulu atholakala ema-zoo eShanghai, Taipei, San Diego, Atlanta, Memphis, Vienna, South Korea nase-US National Zoo.
