Lezi zilwane zingenye yezimbalwa ezisindile kuze kube yilolu suku ngemuva kokudlula emlandweni omude. Ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka ngaphambi kwenkathi yethu, abantu baseGibhithe bazokhonza ingwenya, bemthatha njengesihlobo esiseduzane sikankulunkulu uSebek.
Eziqhingini zasePacific, izakhamuzi zaleso sikhathi, ukuze zizivikele kulezi zilwane, zazinikela ngentombi nto minyaka yonke. Kwakunenqwaba yezinhlangano ezahlukahlukene zezinkolo ezazikhonza izingwenya.
Kulezi zinsuku, lezi yizilwane ezilula, ngandlela thile ukuhleleka kwemvelo, kudla izilwane ezigulayo nezibuthakathaka, kanye nezidumbu zazo. AmaCaimans yizona kuphela izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezifana kakhulu nokhokho bazo bangaphambi komlando, abangasekho.
Incazelo yeCaiman
UCayman kubizwe ingwenyawomndeni wama-alligator. Zikhula kusuka kumitha elilodwa kuya kwamathathu ngobude, kanti ubude bomsila nomzimba wazo ziyefana. Isikhumba se-caiman, kuwo wonke umzimba, simbozwe imigqa ehambisanayo yama-horny scutes.
Amehlo ezinwabuzelayo anombala ophuzi ngokunsundu. AmaCaimans anolwelwesi lweso oluvikelayo, ngenxa yokuthi, lapho ecwiliswa emanzini, awazimbozi.
Vuliwe isithombe ingwenya caiman kuyabonakala ukuthi izilwane zinemibala ehlukahlukene, kusukela kumnqumo okhanyayo kuye kobunsundu obumnyama. Banekhono lokushintsha umthunzi wabo ngokuya ngethempelesha elifanele futhi, ngokufanele, umzimba. Ukushisa kubanda, kuba mnyama isikhumba sabo.
Ama-caimans wabantu abadala anesici esimangazayo, enza imisindo. Imvamisa bahlaba ikhwelo, bevula imilomo yabo kakhulu, kepha hhayi kuphela. Bangakwazi futhi ukukhonkotha ngokwemvelo njengezinja.
Umehluko ama-caimans kusuka izingwenya nezingwenya ngeqiniso lokuthi ngenxa yokushoda kwezindlala zamehlo ezilawula ibhalansi kasawoti wamanzi, cishe zonke zihlala emanzini amasha.
Futhi zinezakhiwo zomhlathi ezihlukile, ama-caimans awabanzi futhi abukhali njengezingwenya. Umhlathi ophezulu we-caimans mncane, ngakho-ke, owaphansi uphonselwa phambili kancane. Amapuleti amathambo abekwe esiswini sawo, izingwenya ezingenazo.
Indawo yokuhlala kanye nendlela yokuphila ye-caiman
Ama-Caimans ahlala emifuleni eminyene ngokweqile, amadamu, amaxhaphozi anamabhange athule futhi azolile. Abayithandi imifula ejulile enemisinga emikhulu. Into abayithandayo abazijwayeza ukungena kuzitshalo zasemanzini bese bezindla amahora amaningi.
Bayakuthanda nokudla, ngoba abaphumuli kahle esiswini esingenalutho. Omncane ama-caimans ngokuyisisekelo udle ama-invertebrates, ama-midge ahlukahlukene, izinambuzane nezinambuzane.
Ekukhuleni kwabo, bashintshela ekudleni okunenyama eningi, lawa ngama-crustaceans, izinkalankala, inhlanzi encane, amasele. Kukholakala ukuthi inani lezinhlanzi ze-piranha lilawulwa yi-caimans. Abantu abadala badla konke okuphefumulayo nokuhambayo - inhlanzi, izinyoni, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo, izilwane ezincelisayo.
Kepha, noma ngabe kusabeka kangakanani ukubonakala kwezinto ezihuquzelayo, banezitha zabo. Okokuqala, kunjalo, umuntu ofanayo, abazingeli abangekho emthethweni, naphezu kwakho konke ukuvinjelwa, qhubeka nokudoba kwabo.
Futhi emvelweni - izibankwa, zibhubhisa izidleke zezingwenya ze-caiman, zintshontshe futhi zidle amaqanda azo. Izingwe, izinhlwathi ezinkulu nama-otter amakhulu zihlasela izingane.
AmaCaimans athukuthele kakhulu futhi anolaka ngokwemvelo. Ikakhulukazi ngokuqala kwezikhathi zesomiso, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo ngalesi sikhathi zihlala zisuka emlonyeni ziya kwesinye, kube nezimo zokuhlaselwa kwabantu.
Bangakwazi ukuhlasela ngokuphepha i-caiman ebuthakathaka, bayiklebhule futhi bayidle. Noma uziphonse esilwaneni esikhulu futhi esinamandla kune-caiman uqobo.
Lapho zibona inyamazane, lesi silwanyane siyanyenya, ngokubukeka sikhula sibe sikhulu kunalokho esiyikho, sihayize bese sihlasela. Lapho zizingela emanzini, zicasha ezihlahleni, kungabonakali ukuthi zibhukuda ziye esiswini, bese zihlasela ngokushesha.
Emhlabeni, i-caiman nayo ingumzingeli omuhle, ngoba ekuphishekeleni, ithuthukisa isivinini esikhulu futhi ibamba kalula isisulu.
Izinhlobo zama-caimans
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezingwenya zezingwenya, ezihlukile kwezinye ngezindlela ezithile.
Ingwenya noma i-caiman ebukiwe - imvamisa abameleli bayo bahlala emanzini ahlanzekile, kepha banama-subspecies athuthela ezindaweni ezisolwandle.
Ama-caimans aqokiwe anosayizi ophakathi nendawo, abesifazane bayimitha elilodwa nohhafu, abesilisa bakhulu kancane. Zinomlomo omude uncishisiwe ngasekugcineni, futhi phakathi kwamehlo, ngaphesheya kwesifonyo, kukhona iroli efana nohlaka lwezibuko.
Brown caiman - ungowaseMelika, uyi-caiman emnyama. Uhlala emizimbeni yamanzi ahlanzekile nosawoti eColombia, e-Ecuador, e-El Salvador, eCosta Rica, eNicaragua, eGuatymala, eMexico naseGhanduras. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zabalwa ohlwini lweBhuku eliBomvu ngenxa yokubanjwa okukhulu kwabazingeli, kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwemizi yabo.
Caiman omncane - bathanda imifula egeleza ngokushesha yehlathi lemvula. Lezi zinhlobo ziphila impilo yasemhlabeni ngokwengeziwe, ngokungafani nama-congener futhi zihamba ngokukhululeka zisuka komunye ziye komunye umzimba wamanzi. Ukuze ziphumule endleleni futhi zigaye ukudla, izilwane ezihuquzelayo zilele emgodini.
I-Paraguayan Cayman, i-jacare noma i-piranha - inesakhiwo sezinyo esehlukile. Emhlathini ongezansi, zinobude obude kangangokuba zidlulela ngale kwaleyo engenhla, zenze izimbobo kuyo. Le caiman ibhalwe kuRed Book kanti nasezindaweni zayo zokuhlala kunamapulazi amaningi ezingwenya okusindisa nokwandisa isibalo sawo.
I-caiman emnyama ihlala emizimbeni yamanzi nakumaxhaphozi okunzima ukufinyelela kuyo. Unguhlobo olukhulu kakhulu, oludlayo nolwesabekayo emndenini wonke. Kumnyama, kucishe kube mnyama ngombala. Laba ngabantu abakhulu, abafinyelela kumamitha amahlanu ubude namakhilogremu angamakhulu amane ngesisindo.
Ubuso obubanzi noma waseBrazil caiman - uhlala e-Argentina, eParaguay, eBolivia, emanzini aseBrazil. Ngenxa yezici zayo zomzimba - isifonyo esikhulu nesibanzi, isilwane sathola igama elifanele.
Kuwo wonke lo mlomo omkhulu kangaka, izivikelo zamathambo zihamba zilandelana. Ingemuva lesilwane livikelwe ungqimba lwezikali ze-ossified. I-caiman iluhlaza okotshani. Ubude bomzimba wayo bungaphezudlwana nje kwamamitha amabili.
Ukuzaliswa kanye nempilo yama-caimans
AmaCayman ahlala endaweni, ngamunye wabo uneduna elikhulu kunawo wonke futhi eliqine kakhulu, okukhipha elibuthakathaka, noma elibenza baphile endaweni ethile buthule onqenqemeni. Ngokunjalo, abantu abancane banamathuba amancane okuzala kanye nokuqhubeka kohlobo, futhi.
Lapho abesilisa bekhula ngaphezu kwamamitha ayisigamu nesigamu, kanti abesifazane bancane kancane, lokhu cishe kungunyaka wesithupha noma wesikhombisa wokuphila, sebengabantu abavuthiwe ngokocansi.
Ngokuqala kwenkathi yemvula, inkathi yokuzalanisa nayo iyaqala. Abesifazane ngenkuthalo bakha izidleke eduze kwechibi lokubeka amaqanda. Kusetshenziswa amaqabunga abolile, amahlumela, izigaxa zenhlabathi.
Bangamba umgodi esihlabathini, noma bawafake eziqhingini ezintantayo zohlaza lwasemanzini. Insikazi izalela amaqanda ayishumi nanhlanu kuya kwangamashumi amahlanu endaweni eyodwa, noma ihlukanise ibamba ibe izidleke eziningana.
Kuyenzeka futhi lapho abesifazane bebeka wonke amaqanda esidlekeni esisodwa esikhulu, bese beshintshana ngokuwavikela ezitheni zangaphandle. Ukuvikela inzalo, umama wengwenya ukulungele ukuhlasela ngisho ne-jaguar.
Ukugcina ukushisa okulungile kusifakeli esizenzele, omama ngezikhathi ezithile bayasifafaza, bese besusa okweqile ukuze kungashisi kakhulu.
Ngisho, uma kudingeka, baphatha amanzi ngemilomo yabo ukunisela amaqanda uma kungekho umswakama owanele. Inzalo izalwa cishe izinyanga ezintathu kamuva.
Ubulili bamawundlu esikhathi esizayo buxhomeke emazingeni okushisa esidlekeni. Uma bekubanda lapho, kuzobe kuzalwa amantombazane, kepha uma kufudumele, kuzalwa abesilisa.
Ngaphambi kokuba izingane zivele, insikazi iseduze ukusiza izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ukuba ziye emanzini ngokushesha okukhulu. Izingane zizalwa zingamasentimitha angamashumi amabili ubude, zinamehlo amakhulu namakhala. Ekupheleni konyaka wokuqala wokuphila, zikhula zifike kumasentimitha ayisithupha.
Bese kuthi, izinyanga ezine, umama anakekele ngokucophelela, izingane zakhe kanye nezabanye abantu. Ngemuva kwalokho, izingane, zilungele impilo ezimele, zigibela okhaphethi ezintantayo ezenziwe ngama-geocynts futhi zishiya ikhaya labo lobuzali unomphela.
Ama-alligator nezingwenya zihlala kusuka eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu kuya kwengamashumi amahlanu. Kunabantu abadlulele abangaphikisani nokuthenga isilwane esingajwayelekile kangaka e-terrarium yabo.
Okuthule kakhulu kuma-caimans yingwenya. Kepha ochwepheshe bakukhuthaza ngamandla ukwenza lokhu ngaphandle kokuba nolwazi oludingekayo mayelana nokuziphatha nemikhuba yabo.
