Ama-Raccoons (lat. Izilwane ezinjalo zathola igama lazo kusukela egameni lesiNdiya elithi "Arakun", elisho ukuthi "ukuzinwaya ngezandla zakhe."
Incazelo ye-raccoon
Emazweni amaningi ase-Asia naseYurophu, i-raccoon ngokwezwi nezwi ibizwa ngokuthi "ibhere elinemigqa" kanye "nokugeza ibhere". Ukudida i-raccoon nganoma yisiphi esinye isilwane sasendle noma sasekhaya cishe akunakwenzeka.... Igama lesiLatin elithi Prosyon lingahunyushwa ngokuthi "pre-dog" noma "ngaphambi kwenja", ngenxa yokuvela kwesilo.
Ukubukeka, umbala
Ngaphandle, ama-raccoon ayafana nezinja ze-raccoon, anomzimba oqinile, imilenze emifushane eneminwe ehambayo futhi emide, kanye nezinzipho ezibukhali nezingabuyiseki. Ingxenye yezitshalo yezidladla ayinalutho. Ngenkathi yokuma, isilwane sizama ukuthembela kuyo yonke indawo ematheni, futhi lapho sihamba - kuphela ezinzwaneni, ngenxa yokuthi amathrekhi e-raccoon afana nombhalo oshiywe ngesandla somuntu.
Ikhanda lesilwane libanzi ngokwanele, linomlomo omfishane futhi obukhali, izindlebe ezincane nezindilinga. Umsila uyathambile. Uboya bude futhi bukhulu, benza "amathangi" angajwayelekile ezinhlangothini zekhanda. Ifomula yamazinyo ibonakala ngokutholakala kwama-incisors 3 no-3, ama-canine 1 no-1, ama-premolars 3-4 no-3-4, ama-molars 2 no-2-3. Ingqikithi yamazinyo izingcezu ezingama-36-42.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isici esihlukile, sesici soboya be-raccoon, ngaphandle kwezici ezithile, ukwakheka okukhethekile, okumelwe ngu-90% wengubo yangaphansi eminyene kakhulu noma eminyene, eyenzelwe ukuvikela isilwane emanzini abandayo.
Ijazi libonakala ngombala ophuzi ophuzi ngokuhlanganiswa okumnyama. Ukusuka endaweni engaphambili kuye kuchopho yamakhala, kunesiqeshana sombala onsundu onsundu. Kunezindawo ezimnyama nsundu ezungeze amehlo. Emsileni we-raccoon, kunamasongo abanzi ombala omnyama onsundu noma ompunga ophuzi. Ama-raccoon abesilisa ngokuvamile asinda ngokubonakalayo futhi makhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Uhlamvu lwe-raccoon, kungakhathalekile ukuthi luhlobo luni, lunokuthula okukhulu futhi lunobungane, luyasebenza kakhulu futhi lufuna ukwazi. Isilwane esinobuhlakani obunjalo sinokuhlakanipha okuphezulu, siyakwazi ukufunda ukuxazulula izinkinga ezilula nokwenza ubuqili obulula. Isilwane esingenalo ulaka ngokuphelele asihlukani nobugwala, ngakho-ke singazivikela ngokuluma nokunwaya, kanye nokusebenzisa ukubhonga okusongelayo. Kokunye, isilwane sikhetha ukuthatha umhlalaphansi noma sizenze sengathi sifile ukugwema ukulwa.
Yize benobungani, ama-raccoon akhetha isizungu, ngakho-ke ahlangana ngamaqembu kuphela ngesikhathi sobusika.... Isilwane esincelisayo kaningi sigcina ubudlelwano obuhle nama-congener angomakhelwane; ngakho-ke, izindawo zokudla ezilwaneni ezinjalo zingahlangana. Ukubekezelelana kunomphumela omuhle kubuningi babantu bama-raccoon ezindaweni eziningi. Ukuxhumana komunye nomunye kuvezwa ngokuhayiza, ngokuhayiza kanye nohlobo lokuklabalasa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isikhathi esilinganiselwe sokulala ubusika be-raccoon sincike ebangeni lesikhathi esibandayo, kepha ama-raccoon aseCanada akulesi sikhathi made kakhulu, akwazi ukulala izinyanga ezinhlanu.
Isilwane esincelisayo sithanda impilo yasebusuku neyasebusuku, ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sasemini, izilwane zilala emgodini wazo, futhi ziyofuna ukudla kuphela kusihlwa. Kodwa-ke, uma kunesidingo, ama-raccoon ayakwazi impela ukuguqula inqubo esetshenzisiwe yansuku zonke. Isibonelo, imikhuba yokudla nokondla yama-raccoon asogwini incike kakhulu kuma-ebbs nasekugelezeni, kuyilapho ama-raccoon anemigqa ahlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho aqala ukutyeba kabili noma kathathu, ngemuva kwalokho angene ebusika, aqhubeke nokubanda kakhulu.
Ahlala isikhathi esingakanani ama-raccoon?
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu namuhla ngokwesiko i-raccoon enemigqa, isilinganiso sokuphila esirekhodiwe ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, njengomthetho, esingeqi eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyisithupha. Lapho sigcinwa ekuthunjweni, isilwane esincelisayo siphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu, kodwa inani elikhulu kakhulu lezici lithinta isikhathi sokuphila sikaroboni wasekhaya, kufaka phakathi izici zezinhlobo, izimo ezidalelwe ukugcina, ukudla kanye nokuhambisana nokuvikela izifo.
Izinhlobo ze-Raccoon
Izinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko kuthiwa zivela kuhlobo lweRaccoon:
- Ama-raccoon amthende (Рrосyоn lоtоr), emelwe ama-subspecies angama-22 - izilwane ezincelisayo ezidlayo, ezingesinye sezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezichuma ngenqubo yokuqhubeka nomthelela we-anthropogenic nokulinywa komhlaba. Isilwane esinobude bomzimba obungu-45-60 cm nomsila ongekho ngaphezu kwekota yemitha. Inemilenze lemifisha kanye noboya lobunsundvu lobungenamaphunga lobukhulu;
- Ama-Raccoons (I-Prosyon cancrivоrus), enomsila obushelelezi nephethini ezungeze amehlo, eyakha uhlobo "lwe-bandit mask". Uyehluka emzimbeni ohlanjululwe kakhudlwana kububanzi obungu-40-60 cm, nobude bomsila obungu-20-42 cm.Uboya obungemuva nasezinhlangothini bunsundu, kuthi esiswini kube mpunga;
- Ama-raccoon we-Cozumel (Prosyon pygmаeus) zingezinhlobo ezingavamile ezinobude bomzimba obungu-60-80 cm, ngosayizi womsila ongaphansi kwekota yemitha. Isisindo somzimba womuntu omdala singahluka kusuka ku-3.0 kuye ku-4.0 kg. Izinhlobo zihlukaniswa ngoboya obumpunga ngokunsundu, ukuba khona kombala ophuzi emsileni kanye nesifihla-buso esimnyama embusweni;
- Ama-raccoons aseGuadalupe (Prosyon minоr) zingezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa futhi zibonakala ngokufana kwangaphandle ne-raccoon emthende. Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-51-60. Umsila ontofontofo unamasongo amnyama amahlanu noma ayisithupha, kanti umzimba umbozwe ngoboya obukhulu. Kunesici "semaski emnyama" endaweni yekhanda.
Kuyathakazelisa! Namuhla, i-raccoon enemigqa ejwayelekile kakhulu imelwe ama-subspecies ayishumi nambili, kufaka phakathi izindawo eziningi zohlobo lwesiqhingi.
Izinhlobo ze-raccoon ezimthende zifaka ama-subspecies angaphakathi, angavamile kakhulu - i-raccoon yaseBarbados (i-Latin Prosyon lotor gloveralleni), ehlala esiqhingini esikuLwandle lweCaribbean, kanye nama-subspecies amakhulu kakhulu - i-raccoon yaseTresmarian (i-Prosyon lotor insular I-lat. iProsyon lоtоr mаynаrdi).
Indawo, ukusatshalaliswa
- I-Cozumel raccoon Iyinsakavukela esiqhingini esincane saseCaribbean ngasogwini lweQuintana Roo. Indawo engokwemvelo ingumhlume namahlathi emvula ngaphakathi kwalesi siqhingi, kanye nezindawo ezisogwini kanye nezwe lezitshalo.
- Ama-raccoons aseGuadalupe - izilwane zomhlaba ezihlala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinomswakama zaseGuadeloupe. Ama-Raccoons alezi zinhlobo athanda izindawo ezingamaxhaphozi, kepha futhi angahlala ezindaweni ezomile zamahlathi eduze nemifula noma amachibi.
- I-Aguara noma i-raccoon - isilwane esivela emaxhaphozini nasehlathini, esihlala endaweni eseNingizimu naseMelika Ephakathi, kufaka phakathi iTobago neTrinidad. Isilwane esisodwa sasebusuku sithanda ukuhlala eduze kwemifudlana, amachibi nemifula.
- WaseMelika noma i-raccoon emthende - umhlaseli ojwayelekile eNyakatho Melika, kusukela e-Isthmus of Panama kuya ezifundazweni eziseningizimu yeCanada, kanye naseFrance nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.
Ama-raccoon amadala ahlala eduze kwamanzi, ekhetha ukwenza lokhu umgodi esihlahleni, osendaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha angama-30 ukusuka ezingeni lomhlabathi. Ukuthola i-raccoon ekhaya akunzima - amagxolo esiqwini somuthi aklwebheke kabi, nenani elanele lezinwele. Ngaphezu kwendawo yokuhlala eyinhloko, ama-raccoon azilungiselela izindawo zokukhosela ezinokwethenjelwa ngokwengeziwe, kepha ekulaleni bavame ukusebenzisa umgodi omkhulu.
Uma kungekho mgodi ofanele, isilwane esincelisayo siyakwazi ukuhlala emifantwini phakathi kwamatshe noma iziqu zezihlahla eziwile, ngisho nangaphakathi kwezinkuni. Kwesinye isikhathi isilwane sithola umgodi wobukhulu obufanele futhi sishiywe ezinye izilwane, ngenxa yokwehluleka kwama-raccoon ukuzigebha ngokwabo. Ama-raccoon ajwayela kalula futhi ngokushesha okukhulu, ngakho-ke imvamisa izilwane ezidla ezinye azihlali kude kakhulu nezindawo zokuhlala, eduze kwezithelo zezithelo nezindawo zokupaka. Indawo ekhethiwe ayivame ukushiywa yizilwane, kepha uma kunesidingo, i-raccoon iyakwazi ukuhamba ibanga elilodwa nekhilomitha ukusuka kuyo.
Ukudla kwe-Raccoon
Ama-biotopes ayizintandokazi ama-raccoon amelwe yizindawo ezindala zamahlathi ezixubene nezixhaphozi namachibi... Endaweni enjalo, kunenqwaba yezihlahla eziyize, ezivumela i-raccoon ukuba iphumule ngesikhathi sasemini. Isilwane esincelisayo sinombono omuhle ebusuku, osiza isilwane ukuba sihambe emkhathini lapho kuhlwile futhi sizingele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-raccoon ane-vibrissae ebucayi ekhula cishe kuwo wonke umzimba womzimba, kufaka phakathi ikhanda, isifuba nesisu, ingaphakathi lemilenze, nezindawo zesikhumba eziseduze nozipho.
I-raccoon ingeyesigaba sama-omnivores, kepha ukudla kwayo okuyinhloko kuncike kakhulu kuzici zesikhathi nendawo. Ukuphela kwelungu lomndeni elifihla entwasahlobo lidinga inani elikhulu lokudla okunomsoco kakhulu. Ngemuva kokulala ubusika bonke, cishe ngoFebhuwari noma ngoMashi, ama-raccoon avuthiwe ngokocansi aqala ukuzala okusebenzayo, ngakho-ke adinga ukudla okusezingeni eliphakeme kwamaprotheni, amelwe kuphela ukudla kwezilwane.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izici ze-Anthropogenic, ezisongela impilo nenombolo yezilwane eziningi, azikwazanga ukudala ingozi enkulu kuma-raccoon, ngakho-ke izilwane ezinjalo zivumelaniswa kalula nokuphila eduze kwabantu futhi zivame ukuthola ukudla ezindaweni zokulahla phansi noma emigqonyeni kadoti.
Ama-raccoon ayakwazi ukubamba izinambuzane ezinkulu, futhi futhi azingela amaxoxo hhayi amagundane amakhulu kakhulu. Ikhono lokukhuphuka ngobunono ezihlahleni livumela isilwane ukuthi sichithe izidleke zezinyoni. Kwesinye isikhathi zidla izinyoka, izibankwa nezilwane ezahlukahlukene zasemanzini, ezingamelwa izinkalankala, ama-crayfish nezinhlanzi. Ngokuqala kwesikhathi sekwindla, ama-raccoon ashintshela ezilinganisweni zezitshalo ngendlela yamajikijolo namantongomane, ama-acorn nezithelo zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene ezilinyiwe. Kwezinye izindawo, ama-raccoon asephenduke inhlekelele yangempela, ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kaningi emasimini ezithelo, ezolimo namakhabe.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Isikhathi sokuthambeka kwama-raccoon siqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Phakathi nayo yonke inkathi yokukhwelana, abesilisa bafuna abangafuna ukushada nabo, futhi indawo ehlala isilwane ikhula ngenkuthalo. Owesifazane okulungele ukukhwelwa kunqunywa i-raccoon ngephunga. Ngemuva kokuthi inqubo yokukhwelana isidlulile, owesilisa ushiya insikazi evundisiwe futhi ngokushesha ayofuna intombi entsha. Ama-raccoon abesilisa bakhetha ukuhlala bodwa, ngakho-ke abalokothi babambe iqhaza ngqo ekukhuliseni inzalo.
I-raccoon yesifazane, esele yodwa ngemuva kwenqubo yokukhwelana, ibandakanyeka ekutholeni inzalo... Masinyane ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwama-raccoon amancane, isimilo sowesifazane okhulelwe siba nolaka futhi singalindelekile. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sihlala isikhathi esingaphezudlwana kwezinyanga ezimbili. Ama-raccoon asanda kuzalwa ayizithulu futhi awaboni, futhi isisindo sabo esimaphakathi cishe singama-70-75 amagremu. Amantshontsho aqala ukuvuthwa eneminyaka engamasonto amathathu kuphela. Ezinsukwini zokuqala ngemuva kokuzalwa, ama-raccoon amancane adla ubisi lukamama kuphela, futhi lapho kuvela amazinyo obisi, izilwane ezincane ziqala ngokushelela ukushintshela ezinhlotsheni eziqinile zokudla. Insikazi iyakwazi ukondla inzalo yayo ekhulayo cishe njalo ngehora.
Okubalulekile! Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi engazelelwe, i-raccoon yesifazane ilungisa cishe izindawo eziyishumi zemikhukhu ekhethekile, ivumela ngokushesha okukhulu ukufudusa wonke amazinyane, kanye nokusindisa inzalo ekufeni.
Insikazi ibeletha isilinganiso samawundlu amane noma amahlanu ngonyaka. Uboya bezingane ezinjalo bukhula ngenkuthalo futhi bukhula kusukela osukwini lokuqala lokuphila, futhi phakathi kokunye, amamaki esici ombala omnyama nomhlophe avela esifubeni samathole cishe ngokushesha.
Ukuxhumana kwezingane nonina kwenziwa ngemisindo ekhethekile, emelwe wukushaywa kwamakhwela nokukhala, kanye nokungadluli okukhulu nokugedlezela. Okunye okuqaphelekayo ukuthi izilwane ezindala azixhumani nje kuphela kaningi, kepha futhi zithule kakhulu, zishintshana ngemisindo engeyona kahle.
Izitha zemvelo
Ama-raccoon angaphansi kwesigaba sezilwane zasendle eziqinile kakhulu, ezingavikelekile ezifweni eziningi ezivamile ezithathelwanayo nezihlaselayo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, isilwane esincelisayo esinjalo siyakwazi ukuzivikela ngokunamandla ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye ezimweni zemvelo.... Kodwa-ke, ukunakekelwa okukhulu kumele kuthathwe ngoba i-raccoon uqobo iyakwazi ukuthwala izifo ezithathelwanayo ezimbi kakhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kwamanye amazwe, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuzingelwa kwezemidlalo ngokukhethekile kuma-raccoon kuthandwa kakhulu, lapho abantu abangaba yizigidi ezimbili noma ezintathu badutshulwa phakathi nezinyanga eziyishumi nambili.
Ezimweni zemvelo, izidalwa eziningi ezinkulu zingahlasela ama-raccoon, kufaka phakathi ama-coyotes, izimpisi, i-red lynx, i-elk, i-alligator ngisho nesikhova. Izinyoka zivame ukuzingela amawundlu angama-raccoon angavuthiwe. Ensimini yeCiscaucasia, inani eliphelele lezilwane ezincelisayo lilawulwa kahle yimpungushe ejwayelekile, yona kanye ne-raccoon, engenye yezinhlobo ezihlaselayo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
EMelika, ama-raccoon ayizinhlobo zezentengiselwano, futhi ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho zezwe, ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle, inani lazo lonke lingabantu abangamakhulu amathathu kumahektha ayizinkulungwane, okubangela ukucekelwa phansi kwamasimu, izivande zezithelo nezivini, amakhabe kanye namabhokisi ezinkukhu, namapulazi. Isilwane esinjalo sikhuliswe ngempumelelo ekuthunjweni, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, izilwane ezinesibonakaliso samsonism ezinentuthuko enganele ngokwanele ziyabulawa.
Eminyakeni engaphezulu kwamashumi amabili edlule, i-raccoon yaseBahamian yahlukaniswa njengengcuphe yi-International Union for Conservation of Nature ngenxa yenani layo eliphansi labantu abadala. Njengamanje, izinyathelo ezisebenzayo ezihlose ukulondolozwa kwalezi zinhlobo ezincane azithathwa.
