I-salmon ebomvana emashumini amaningi eminyaka bekuyinto ebalulekile yokudoba, ithathe izikhundla eziholayo ngokuya ngamavolumu okubamba phakathi kwawo wonke ama-salmon. Ukuba nokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, izici zokudla okunomsoco kwenyama ne-caviar, kuhlangene nezindleko eziphansi, lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi ludingeka njalo emakethe yokudla emhlabeni.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: I-salmon e-Pink
I-salmon e-Pink ingummeleli ojwayelekile womndeni we-salmon, ohlukaniswe ngosayizi wawo omncane kakhulu kanye nokwanda okuphezulu emanzini abandayo olwandle nolwandle. Kushiwo izinhlanzi ze-anadrobic, ezibonakala ngokuzala emanzini amasha, nokuhlala ezilwandle. I-salmon e-Pink yaqanjwa ngegama layo ngenxa yesikhumba esikhethekile ngemuva kwabesilisa, esakhiwa ngokuqala kwesikhathi sokuzala.
Ividiyo: I-salmon e-Pink
Ukhokho wokuqala we-salmon epinki okhona namuhla wayemncane ngosayizi futhi wayefana nempunga yamanzi amnandi ayehlala emanzini abandayo aseNyakatho Melika eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-50 edlule. Iminyaka eyishumi eyalandela yeshumi ayishiyanga mkhondo ophawulekayo wokuvela kwalezi zinhlobo zama-salmonids. Kepha ezilwandle zasendulo esikhathini esisukela eminyakeni engama-24 kuya kweziyisi-5 edlule, abamele wonke ama-salmonid akhona namuhla, kufaka phakathi i-salmon ebomvana, base betholakele.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Zonke izibungu ze-salmon ezibomvana zingabantu besifazane lapho bezalwa, futhi ngaphambi nje kokugingqika olwandle, uhhafu wabo ushintsha ubulili babo bube obuhlukile. Le ngenye yezindlela zokulwela ukuba khona, okuyimvelo enikeze lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi. Njengoba abesifazane beqinile ngokwengeziwe ngenxa yezici zomzimba, ngenxa yalokhu "ukuguqulwa" isibalo esikhulu sezibungu sizosinda kuze kube umzuzu wokufuduka.
Manje uyazi ukuthi injani inhlanzi esalmon ebomvana. Ake sibone ukuthi uhlala kuphi nokuthi udlani.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-salmon ebomvana?
I-salmon e-Pink inomzimba omude, isici sawo wonke ama-salmonid, acindezelwe kancane ezinhlangothini. Ikhanda elincane eliyindilinga elinamehlo amancane, kuyilapho ikhanda labesilisa lide kunelabesifazane. Imihlathi, amathambo olimi nolimi lwe-palatine, nokuvulwa kwe-salmon ebomvana kumbozwe ngamazinyo amancane. Izikali zehla kalula ebusweni bomzimba, zincane kakhulu.
Ingemuva kwe-salmon ephinki yolwandle inombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izinhlangothi zesidumbu ziyisilivere, isisu simhlophe. Lapho ubuyela ezindaweni zokuzalela, i-salmon ebomvana iba mpunga ophaphathekile, kuthi ingxenye engezansi yomzimba ithole umbala ophuzi noma ohlaza okotshani, bese kuvela amabala amnyama. Masinyane ngaphambi kokuzala, umbala uba mnyama kakhulu, futhi ikhanda licishe libe mnyama.
Isimo somzimba sabesifazane sihlala singashintshiwe, kuyilapho abesilisa beguqula kakhulu ukubukeka kwabo:
- ikhanda lide;
- emhlathini omude kunamazinyo amakhulu amakhulu;
- i-hump ehlaba umxhwele ikhula ngemuva.
I-salmon epinki, njengawo wonke amalungu omndeni we-salmon, ine-fin adipose etholakala phakathi kwe-dorsal ne-caudal fin. Isisindo esimaphakathi salmon opinki omdala sicishe sibe ngu-2,5 kg nobude obuyisigamu semitha. Izinhlobo ezinkulu zinesisindo esingu-7 kg nobude bomzimba obungu-750 cm.
Izici ezihlukile ze-salmon ephinki:
- lolu hlobo lwe-salmon alunawo amazinyo olimini;
- umlomo umhlophe futhi kunamabala amnyama okweqanda ngemuva;
- umphetho womsila umise okwe-V.
Ihlala kuphi i-salmon ephinki?
Isithombe: I-salmon e-Pink emanzini
I-salmon epinki itholakala ngobuningi eNyakatho Pacific Ocean:
- ngasogwini lwase-Asia - kusukela eBering Strait kuya ePeter the Great Gulf;
- ngasogwini lwaseMelika - enhlokodolobha yaseCalifornia.
Lezi zinhlobo ze-salmon zihlala ngasogwini lwase-Alaska, e-Arctic Ocean. Kukhona ama-salmon abomvana eKamchatka, eKuril Islands, e-Anadyr, oLwandle lwase-Okhotsk, eSakhalin njalonjalo. Itholakala e-Indigirka, indawo engezansi yeKolyma kuze kufike eVerkhne-Kolymsk, ayingeni phezulu e-Amur, futhi ayenzeki e-Ussuri. Imihlambi emikhulu kakhulu yesalmon ephinki ihlala kuseva yoLwandlekazi iPacific, lapho imihlambi yaseMelika neyase-Asia ixutshwa ngesikhathi sokudla. I-salmon epinki itholakala ngisho nasemanzini oLwandle Olukhulu, lapho inani elincane labantu lathola ngengozi.
I-salmon e-Pink isebenzisa inkathi eyodwa kuphela yehlobo nobusika olwandle, kuthi phakathi nehlobo lesibili iye emifuleni ukuze izale ngokulandelayo. Abantu abakhulu baba ngabokuqala ukushiya amanzi olwandle; kancane kancane, ngesikhathi sokufuduka, ubukhulu bezinhlanzi buyancipha. Abesifazane bafika lapho kuzala khona kamuva kunabesilisa, futhi ekupheleni kuka-Agasti usalimoni obomvana uyayeka ukuhamba, futhi nje ukuthosa kubuyela olwandle.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ilungu elihlaba umxhwele kakhulu lomndeni wamasalmoni wasendulo yi "salmon enamazinyo angamazinyo" engasekho, eyayinesisindo esingaphezulu kwamabili futhi yayicishe ibe ngamamitha amathathu ubude futhi inezinyosi zamasentimitha amahlanu. Ngaphandle kokubukeka kwayo okwesabekayo nosayizi ohlaba umxhwele, kwakungeyona inyamazane, futhi amazinyo ayingxenye nje "yengubo yomshado".
I-salmon epinki izwa kamnandi emanzini abandayo ngamazinga okushisa asuka ku-5 kuye ku-15 degrees, okungcono kakhulu - cishe amadigri ayi-10. Uma izinga lokushisa likhuphukela ku-25 nangaphezulu, isalmon ebomvana iyafa.
Idlani i-salmon ebomvana?
Isithombe: Fish salmon Pink
Abantu abadala badla ngenkuthalo amaqembu amakhulu eplankton, nekton. Ezindaweni ezinamanzi ajulile, ekudleni kuqukethe izinhlanzi ezisencane, izinhlanzi ezincane, kufaka phakathi ama-anchovies, squid. Eduze kweplume, i-salmon ebomvana ingashintshela ngokuphelele ekudleni izibungu zama-invertebrate nezinhlanzi ze-benthic. Ngaphambi nje kokuzala, ukucabanga kokudla kunyamalala ezinhlanzini, uhlelo lokugaya ukudla lukhulu ngokuphelele, kepha, naphezu kwalokhu, i-reflex yokubamba isekhona ngokugcwele, ngakho-ke phakathi nalesi sikhathi ukudoba ngenduku yokuphotha kungaphumelela impela.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi noma yiminyaka eKamchatka nase-Amur, isalmon ebomvana incane kunaleyo exakile. Abantu abancane kakhulu banesisindo esingu-1.4-2 kg nobude obungu-40 cm.
Izilwane ezisencane zidla kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezihlala ngobuningi ezansi kwamachibi, kanye naseplankton. Ngemuva kokushiya umfula ungene olwandle, ama-zooplankton amancane aba yisisekelo sokondla abantu abasha. Njengoba ukukhula okuncane kukhula, zidlulisela kubamele abakhulu bezilwane ze-zooplankton, izinhlanzi ezincane. Yize benosayizi omncane uma uqhathaniswa nezihlobo zabo, i-salmon ebomvana inezinga lokukhula ngokushesha. Kakade ngenkathi yokuqala yehlobo, umuntu osemusha ufinyelela usayizi wamasentimitha angama-20-25.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezentengiselwano le-salmon ebomvana, maphakathi nekhulu lamashumi amabili, kwenziwa imizamo eminingana yokujwayeza lolu hlobo lwe-salmon emifuleni esogwini lwaseMurmansk, kodwa yonke yaphela ngokwehluleka.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-salmon e-Pink
Ama-salmon apinki awaboshelwe endaweni ethile, angahamba amakhulu amakhilomitha ukusuka lapho azalelwa khona. Impilo yakhe yonke ingaphansi kocingo lokuzala. Isikhathi sobudala bezinhlanzi sifushane - asidluli eminyakeni emibili futhi sithatha kusukela ekubonakaleni kukafry kuya kokuzala kokuqala nokugcina empilweni. Amabhange omfula, lapho kungena khona izinhlanzi salmon ukuze kuzalwe, kugcwele ngokoqobo izidumbu zabantu abadala asebashona.
Ukuba yizinhlanzi ezifudukayo ze-anadrobic, ama-salmon abomvana emanzini asolwandle, olwandle futhi angena emifuleni ukuze azale. Isibonelo, e-Amur, i-salmon ebomvana iqala ukubhukuda ngokushesha nje lapho iqhwa selincibilikile, futhi maphakathi noJuni ubuso bomfula bugcwala nje ngobuningi babantu. Inani labesilisa emhlambini ongenayo linqoba ngaphezu kwabesifazane.
Ukufuduka kwama-salmon apinki akulona lide futhi lide njengalelo le-salmon ye-chum. Zenzeka kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Agasti, ngenkathi izinhlanzi zingakhuphukeli phezulu ngasemfuleni, zikhetha ukutholakala esiteshini, ezindaweni ezinamatshe amatshe amakhulu nangokuhamba ngamandla kwamanzi. Ngemuva kokuqedwa kokuzala, abakhiqizi bayafa.
Wonke ama-salmonid, njengomthetho, ane "navigator" yemvelo enhle kakhulu futhi ayakwazi ukubuyela emanzini awo omdabu ngokunemba okumangazayo. I-salmon epinki yayingenayo inhlanhla kulokhu - i-radar yayo yemvelo ayithuthukisiwe kahle futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu kwesinye isikhathi ilethwa ezindaweni ezingakulungele ngokuphelele ukuzala noma impilo. Kwesinye isikhathi wonke umhlambi omkhulu ugijimela emfuleni owodwa, uwugcwalise ngokoqobo ngemizimba yawo, okuyinto ngokwemvelo enganikeli inqubo ejwayelekile yokuzala.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ukukhishwa kwe-salmon ephinki
I-salmon caviar epinki ibeka izingxenye emgodini wesidleke owawulungisiwe ngaphambili ezansi kwedamu. Uyimba ngosizo lwe-fin fin futhi ayigqibe ngayo, ngemuva kokuphela kokuzala nokuzala. Sekukonke, owesifazane oyedwa uyakwazi ukukhiqiza kusuka kumaqanda ayi-1000 kuye kwangama-2500. Lapho nje ingxenye yamaqanda isesidlekeni, owesilisa uyawuvundisa. Kukhona njalo abesilisa abaningi osebeni lomfula kunabesifazane, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ingxenye ngayinye yamaqanda kufanele ivundiswe owesilisa omusha ukuze kudluliswe ikhodi yofuzo futhi kufezwe umsebenzi wakhe wokuphila.
Izibungu zichanyuselwa ngoNovemba noma ngoDisemba, okungajwayelekile ukuthi inqubo ibambezeleke kuze kube uJanuwari. Njengoba zisemhlabathini, zondla okugcinwe esikhwameni se-yolk, futhi ngoMeyi kuphela, zishiya isiduli esidala, ifry ishelela olwandle. Ingxenye engaphezu kwengxenye yamathanga iyafa phakathi nalolu hambo, iba yizisulu zezinye izinhlanzi nezinyoni. Ngalesi sikhathi, intsha inombala ofanayo wesiliva nobude bomzimba obungamasentimitha ama-3 kuphela.
Njengoba sebeshiyile emfuleni, ama-salmon othosiwe abomvana alwela ukuya engxenyeni esenyakatho yePacific Ocean futhi ahlala lapho kuze kube ngu-Agasti olandelayo, ngakho-ke, umjikelezo wokuphila wale nhlobo yezinhlanzi uyiminyaka emibili, yingakho kunenkathi yeminyaka emibili yezinguquko ezenzeka ngobuningi balezi zinhlobo zesalmon. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kubantu abathile be-salmon ebomvana kwenzeka kuphela ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila.
Izitha zemvelo zesalmon ephinki
Isithombe: I-salmon ebomvana epinki
Emvelweni wemvelo, i-salmon ephinki inezitha ezingaphezu kokwanele:
- i-caviar ngobuningi bayo ichithwa ezinye izinhlanzi, njenge-char, grayling;
- izinhlanzi zasolwandle, amadada asendle, izinhlanzi ezidla ezinye aziphikisani nokudla gazinga;
- abantu abadala bayingxenye yokudla okuvamile kwama-belugas, izimvu zamanzi, noshaka be-herring;
- ezindaweni zokuzalela, zidliwa ngamabhere, ama-otter nezinyoni ezidla inyama.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Amaphesenti angaphezu kwama-37 okubanjwa kwezinhlanzi zasolwandle ePacific avela ku-salmon ebomvana. Ukubanjiswa komhlaba kwalolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi eminyakeni engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili ekhulwini elidlule kube nesilinganiso samathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-240 ngonyaka. Isabelo se-salmon e-pink embukisweni yonke yokudoba ama-salmon e-USSR sasingamaphesenti angama-80.
Ngaphezu kwezitha, i-salmon ebomvana inezimbangi ezingokwemvelo ezingathatha okunye kokudla okujwayele izinhlanzi ze-salmon. Ngaphansi kokuqondana okuthile, i-salmon ephinki uqobo ingadala ukwehla kwesibalo sezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi noma izinyoni imbala. Izazi zesayensi yezilwane ziye zaphawula ukuxhumana phakathi kwenani elikhulayo le-salmon ephinki eNyakatho yePacific Ocean kanye nokwehla kwenani lama-petrel amancane akhokhiswa engxenyeni eseningizimu yolwandle. Lezi zinhlobo zincintisana ngokudla enyakatho, lapho ama-petrels elala khona. Ngakho-ke, ngonyaka lapho inani le-salmon elibomvana likhula, izinyoni azitholi inani elidingekayo lokudla, ngenxa yalokho ziyafa lapho zibuyela eningizimu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-salmon ebomvana?
Endaweni yazo yemvelo, kunokushintshashintsha okukhulu ngezikhathi ezithile kwenani le-salmon ebomvana. Esikhathini esiningi lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yemvelo ekhethekile yokujikeleza kwempilo yabo; izitha zemvelo azinawo umthelela omkhulu kubantu bezinhlobo zalesi salmon. Ayikho ingozi yokuqothulwa kwe-salmon ebomvana, noma ngabe iyinto ebaluleke kakhulu embonini yokudoba. Isimo sezinhlobo sizinzile.
Enyakatho ye-Pacific Ocean, inani le-salmon elibomvana (eminyakeni yenani eliphakeme, kuye ngomjikelezo wokukhiqiza kabusha) liphindwe kabili uma liqhathaniswa namashumi ayisikhombisa ekhulu elidlule leminyaka. Lokhu akuthonyelwanga ukukhula komvelo kuphela, kepha futhi nokukhishwa kwamafry kusuka kuma-incubators. Amapulazi anomjikelezo ogcwele wokutshalwa kwe-salmon ebomvana awekho okwamanje, okwenza kube lusizo nakakhulu kumthengi wokugcina.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ososayensi baseCanada bathole ukuthi ukusondela kwezindawo zokuzalela usalimoni wasendle opinki namapulazi okulinywa kwezinye izinhlanzi ze-salmon, kudala umonakalo omkhulu kubantu bemvelo besalmon ephinki. Isizathu sokufa ngobuningi kwezilwane ezisencane yizintwala ezikhethekile ze-salmon, ezitholwa yinhlayiya kwamanye amalungu omndeni ngenkathi zifudukela olwandle. Uma isimo singashintshiwe, khona-ke kungakapheli iminyaka emine kuphela iphesenti elilodwa labantu besilwane salolu hlobo lwe-salmon abazohlala kulezi zindawo.
I-salmon ebomvana - akuyona nje enomsoco futhi esihlwabusayo, njengoba izakhamuzi eziningi zibona le nhlanzi, zihlangana nazo emashalofini ezitolo zezinhlanzi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, i-salmon ebomvu iyisidalwa esithakazelisayo ngokumangalisayo esinendlela yaso ekhethekile yokuphila nokuziphatha kokuziphatha, inhloso eyinhloko ukulandela ubizo lokuzala, ukunqoba zonke izithiyo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/11/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/29/2019 ngo-18: 06
