Umnyango we-algae oluhlaza uhlanganisa zonke izitshalo ezingezansi ezinento eluhlaza kumaseli azo - i-chlorophyll, ngenxa yokuthi iseli liba luhlaza. Lolu hlobo lunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-20 ezahlukahlukene. Izitshalo zisakazeka ngejubane elikhulu emizimbeni yamanzi nasezindaweni ezinomswakama omkhulu, ngokwesibonelo, ezindaweni ezinamanzi. Kunezinhlobo ezithile ezikhethe inhlabathi, amagxolo ezihlahla, amatshe asogwini njengendawo yazo yokuhlala.
Iqembu le-algae eluhlaza lifaka zombili i-unicellular kanye ne-colonial. Ucwaningo oluningiliziwe lwe-benthos lukhombisile ukuthi abamele ama-multicellular nabo bangatholakala. Ukuba khona kwe-algae enjalo emanzini kuholela ekuqhakazeni. Ukubuyisela ukusha nokuhlanzeka emanzini, kufanele ulwe nezitshalo, uziqede ngokuphelele.
UThallus
I-Thallus yehlukile kwezinye izinhlobo ekusondeleni kwayo ekubukekeni kwezitshalo zasemhlabeni. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yenani elikhulu le-chlorophyll. Ngokumangazayo, ubukhulu balesi sitshalo bungahluka kusuka kumamilimitha ambalwa kuya kumamitha ama-2-5. Izitshalo zaleli qembu zinazo zonke izinhlobo zama-thalli (izingqimba).
Isakhiwo seselula se-algae eluhlaza
Wonke amaseli algae aluhlaza ahlukahlukene. Ezinye zazo zimbozwe ngegobolondo eliminyene, kanti ezinye azinalo nhlobo. Isici esiyinhloko sawo wonke amaseli yi-cellulose. Nguye obhekene nefilimu ehlanganisa amaseli. Lapho kuhlolisiswa, kwavela ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zinezinsimbi zentambo, inani le-flagella elihluka kuzo zonke izinhlobo. Enye into ebalulekile yeseli yi-chloroplast. Imvamisa zihlukaniswa ngezici zazo zangaphandle - ukuma nosayizi, kepha ngokuyisisekelo, iningi lazo lifana nento efanayo yezitshalo eziphakeme. Ngenxa yalokhu, izitshalo zivumelaniswa nokukhiqizwa kwe-autotrophic kwezakhamzimba. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akwenzeki kuzo zonke izitshalo. Kunezinhlobo ezikwazi ukuthola ukondleka ngamaseli angaphandle - okungukuthi, ukuncela izinto zokulandela ngomkhondo ezincibilikiswe emanzini. Omunye umsebenzi we-chloroplast ukugcina imininingwane yezofuzo, okungukuthi, ukugcina i-DNA ye-alga.
Iqiniso elithandekayo, kepha ulwelwe oluhlaza lungaba ngemibala ehlukene. Kukhona izitshalo ezinemibala ebomvu ne-orange. Lokhu kuguquka kwenzeka ngenxa yenani elikhuphukile le-carotenoid ne-hematochrome pigments. Ulwelwe oluhlaza lweSiphon luqukethe ama-amyaplast asobala, aqukethe isitashi. Ngaphezu kwabo, inani elikhulu lipids kungaba buthelela emzimbeni weseli. Emzimbeni wobulembu obuningi kunento ebizwa ngokuthi yimbobo yesikhumba, enesibopho sokuxhumanisa ukunyakaza kwe-algae. Kungenxa yakhe ukuthi ulwelwe oluhlaza lulwela ukukhanya.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-algae
Phakathi kwe-algae, kunezinhlobo ezinokukhiqizwa ngokocansi nangokwemifino. Ukuya ocansini nocansi kungenzeka ngenxa yobukhona be-zoospores emzimbeni wesitshalo, ezinye ziba izingxenye ezincane, lapho kukhula khona isitshalo esigcwele. Uma sicabanga ngemodi yezocansi yokukhiqiza kabusha, khona-ke itholakala njengomphumela wokuhlanganiswa kwamageyimu.
Isicelo nokusatshalaliswa
Ungahlangana nobulembu obuluhlaza noma yikuphi emhlabeni. Inani elikhulu lezinhlobo zinomsebenzi wezomnotho, ngokwesibonelo, ngokuba khona kwazo, ungathola ngokuhlanzeka kwedamu namanzi akulo. Kwesinye isikhathi kusetshenziswa ulwelwe oluhlaza ukuhlanza amanzi angcolile. Zivame kakhulu ezindaweni zasemanzini zasekhaya. Amapulazi ezinhlanzi asejwayele ukwenza ukudla kwezinhlanzi ngawo, kanti amanye angadliwa ngabantu. Kubunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo, ulwelwe oluhlaza luyaziqhenya ngendawo, njengoba luyizinto ezilungele ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa.
