Okungajwayelekile isibankwa sepangolin inokubukeka okuphikisanayo. Isilwane esincelisayo sakhiwe njenge-anteater, embozwe izikali zikaphayinaphu. Ukuhlangabezana nesimangaliso esinje kufana nokungena esimweni sezikhathi zangaphambi komlando.
Isilwane sibalwa phakathi kwe-cymolestes, njengoba bekukholelwa, izidalwa ezingasekho esikhathini seMiocene. Uhlu lozalo lwezibankwa onokwethenjelwa alukakahlanganiswa ekugcineni.
Incazelo nezici
Igama lePangolin ukukhuluma - okuhunyushwe kususelwa olimini lwesiMalay kusho ukuthi "ukwakha ibhola". AmaShayina anake izici zesirhubuluzi kanye nenhlanzi ecashe njengesilwane, ngakho-ke bakuthatha njenge-carp dragon.
AmaRoma asendulo abona izingwenya zomhlabathi ngama-pangolin. Izici eziningi, ikakhulukazi, indlela yokondla, ziletha izilwane eduze kwama-armadillos, ama-anteaters.
Isikali se-lamellar sesimo se-rhombic sinzima kakhulu, sifana nezembatho zempi. Izikali ze-Horny zenziwa nge-keratin. Le nto ingaphansi kwezinzipho zabantu, izinwele, futhi iyingxenye yezimpondo zikabhejane. Imiphetho yamapuleti ibukhali kangangoba isika okwezinhlamvu.
Zibuyekezwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Igobolondo eliqinile nelicijile livikela izilwane. Engozini, i-pangolin isonteka ibe yibhola eliqinile, isilwane sifihle ikhanda laso ngaphansi komsila. Izindawo ezingenazikali - isisu, ikhala, izinhlangothi zangaphakathi zezidladla, nazo zihlala ngaphakathi kwebhola. Zimbozwe ngezinwele ezimfushane ngezinwele ezigqamile.
Lapho isilwane sigobeka, siba njengesigaxa se-spruce noma i-artichoke enkulu. Isikali sePangolin iselula, ebekwe ngaphezulu komunye nomunye njengama-shingles, ayiphazamisi ukunyakaza kwepangolin.
Umzimba wesilwane esincelisayo unamasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-90 ubude. Umsila ulingana nobude obulinganayo nomzimba, wenza imisebenzi yokubamba - amapangini angalenga kuwo ngamagatsha ezihlahla. Isisindo sezilwane silingana nosayizi - kusuka ku-4.5 kuye ku-30 kg. Izikali zicishe zibe yingxenye yesihlanu yesisindo esiphelele sesilwane. Abesifazane bancane kancane kunabesilisa.
Izitho ezinamandla zifushane, zinezinzwane ezinhlanu. Imilenze yangaphambili inamandla kakhulu kunemilenze yangemuva. Umunwe ngamunye ugcwala umhlonyane omkhulu wokumba iziduli. Ubude bezinzipho eziphakathi nendawo bufinyelela ku-7.5 cm, ngenxa yazo ephazamisa ukunyakaza lapho uhamba pangolin ugoba imilenze yangaphambili.
Umlomo omfushane wesilwane uvulekile, esicongweni kukhona umlomo ovulekile ngamazinyo alahlekile. Amatshe aminyiwe nesihlabathi kusebenza ukugaya ukudla. Esiswini, bagaya okuqukethwe, babhekane nokucubungula. Ukusuka ngaphakathi, izindonga zivikelwe i-epithelium ene-keratinized, ifakwe isibambo esinamazinyo abolile.
Amehlo mancane, avalwe ngokuvikelekile ezinambuzaneni ngamajwabu obukhulu. Izindlebe azikho noma zingezona ezesisekelo. Ulimi lwesibankwa lude ngokungajwayelekile, lufinyelela kuma-40 cm, lumbozwe ngamathe anamathele. Isilwane singakwazi ukwelula ulimi, lusenze sibe mncane size sifike ku-0.5 cm.
Imisipha yezimoto yokulawula ulimi ilandela umgodi wesifuba kuye okhalweni lwesilwane.
Umbala wesikali ikakhulu unombala onsundu ngokumpunga, okusiza izilwane ezincelisayo ukuba zingabonwa endaweni ezungezile. Ama-Pangolin anezitha ezimbalwa ngenxa yezihlangu ezinokwethenjelwa, ikhono, njengama-skunks, lokukhipha uketshezi ngephunga elibi. Izimpisi, izidlakela ezinkulu zomndeni we-feline, zingabhekana nalesi sibankwa.
Isitha esikhulu sesibankwa exotic ngumuntu. Izilwane zizingelwa inyama, izikali nezikhumba. Kwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika, eChina, eVietnam, izindawo zokudlela zithenga amaphangoni ezitsha zokudla okungajwayelekile.
Emasikweni abantu base-Asia, izikali ze-lizard ziyimithi yokwelapha, okufaka isandla ekuqothulweni kwezilwane. Izinhlobo eziningi zama-pangolin seziyizilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Ukukhula kancane kwezilwane ezincelisayo, ubunzima bokugcina ekuthunjweni ngenxa yezici zokudla kuholela ekunyamalaleni kancane kancane kwezakhamizi ezingavamile zomhlaba.
Izinhlobo zepangolin
Izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili zabamele abangavamile be-oda lama-pangolin zisindile. Umehluko ezilwaneni zase-Afrika nase-Asia ubonakaliswa ngenombolo nokuma kwesikali, ubukhulu begobolondo lokuvikela, kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo zombala. Okufundwa kakhulu yizinhlobo eziyisikhombisa.
Izinhlobo zase-Asia zincane ngosayizi, ezinezithombo zoboya ezansi kwezingxabano. Kutholakala emithambekeni yamagquma, emadlelweni, emahlathini aswakeme. Ezingavamile, abantu abancane.
Isibankwa Chinese. Umzimba wesilwane uyindilinga ngombala wethusi. Ubude bufinyelela ku-60 cm.Ihlala endaweni yaseNyakatho India, China, Nepal. Isici esiyinhloko ukuba khona kwama-auricles athuthukile, okuthe isilwane saqanjwa ngokuthi i-pangolin e-eared. Ihamba phansi, kepha ikhwela esihlahleni uma kunengozi.
Isibankwa saseNdiya. Kuhola impilo yomhlaba emagqumeni, emathafeni asePakistan, eNepal, eSri Lanka, naseNdiya. Ubude besibankwa bufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-75. Umbala uphuzi-mpunga.
Isibankwa saseJavanese. Ihlala emahlathini aseThailand, eVietnam nakwamanye amazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Uhlala ePhilippines, esiqhingini saseJava. Isici esivelayo ukuthi abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa. Izilwane zihamba ngokuzethemba emhlabathini nasezihlahleni.
Ama-pangolin ase-Afrika makhulu kunezihlobo zase-Asia. Izinhlobo ezi-4 zezibankwa, zombili ezasemhlabeni nezasemaphandleni, zicwaningwe kahle.
I-steppe (savannah) isibankwa. Isakhamuzi sezifunda ezisemaqeleni eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Afrika. Umbala wesikali unsundu. Usayizi wabantu abadala ufinyelela ku-50-55 cm.Bamba izimbobo ngamamitha amaningana ubude. Ekujuleni kwendawo yokukhosela, kukhona ikamelo elikhulu, elilingana nobukhulu bomuntu.
Isibankwa esikhulu. Ubude besilisa bama-pangolins bufinyelela ku-1.4 m, abesifazane abangeqi ku-1.25 m. Isisindo somuntu omkhulu singama-30-33 kg. Abukho nhlobo uvolo. Isici esihlukile ukuba khona kwama-eyelashes. Izibankwa ezinkulu zinombala onsundu ngokubomvu. Indawo yokuhlala yama-pangolin amakhulu itholakala enkabazwe entshonalanga ye-Afrika, e-Uganda.
Isibankwa eside. Uncamela impilo enokhuni. Ihluke kuma-congener ngomsila omude kunayo yonke yama-vertebrae angama-47-49, izinyawo ezine zeminwe. Uhlala emahlathini amaxhaphozi aseNtshonalanga Afrika, eSenegal, eGambia, e-Uganda nase-Angola.
Isibankwa esimhlophe. Ihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zepangolin ezikalini ezincane. I-pangolin encane kunazo zonke, enomzimba ongama-37-44 cm ubude futhi enesisindo esingeqile ku-2.4 kg. Ubude bomsila we-prehensile maqondana nosayizi womzimba kubalulekile - kufika ku-50 cm.
Abamele abelungu abamhlophe bahlala emahlathini aseSenegal, eZambia, eKenya. Leli gama lisuselwa kumbala omhlophe wesikhumba esingazivikele esiswini sesilwane. Izikali zombala onsundu, onsundu ngokumnyama.
Isibankwa sasePhilippines. Eminye imithombo ihlukanisa izinhlobo zeziqhingi zama-pangolin - ezivamile esifundazweni sasePalawan.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
E-equatorial naseningizimu ye-Afrika, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, indawo yokuhlala yama-pangolin igxilile. Amahlathi amanzi, ama-steppes avulekile, ama-savanna akhethwa ngendlela yabo yokuphila. Ukuba khona okuyimfihlo kwenza kube nzima ukutadisha izibankwa. Izici eziningi zempilo yabo zihlala ziyimfihlakalo.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, izibankwa zihlala ezindaweni ezicebile izintuthwane nomuhlwa. Izinambuzane ziwukudla okuyinhloko kuphela kwezilwane ezincelisayo, kanti izibankwa zisebenzisa izindawo zazo zokuhlala ukuhlanza izinambuzane.
Ama-Pangolin avusa izintuthwane, izikali ezivulekile zokuthola izakhamuzi ezithukuthele. Izintuthwane eziningi zihlasela umhlaseli, zilume isikhumba sesilwane, bese zisifafaza nge-formic acid. IPangolin yenziwa inqubo yokuhlanzwa.
Ngemuva kokuphothulwa kokuhlanzeka, isibankwa sivale izikali, siguqule izinambuzane kube sengathi zisesihibeni. Kukhona indlela yesibili yendabuko yenqubo yokuhlanzeka - ukugeza njalo emachibini.
Izilwane zasebusuku zihlala zodwa. Emini, izinhlobo zasemhlabeni zicasha emihosheni yezilwane, ezasemakhaya zicasha emiqhele yezihlahla, zilenga emisileni yazo emagatsheni, zihlangana nemvelo. Ama-Pangolin akhuphukelwa phezu kweziqu ngosizo lwezinzipho zangaphambili, izingqimba zomsila zisebenza njengesisekelo, ukusekela ekuphakamiseni. Hhayi ukukhuphuka kuphela, kepha nokubhukuda, izibankwa ziyazi ukuthi zisebenza kahle kanjani.
Isilwane sibonakala ngokuqapha, ukuba wedwa. I-Pangolin yisilwane esithule, esikhipha kuphela ukuhayiza nokuhefuzela. Izibankwa zihamba kancane, isilwane sigobisa uzipho, sinyathele emhlabathini ngezinhlangothi zangaphandle zezidladla zaso. Ukuhamba ngemilenze yangemuva kuyashesha - ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-3-5 km / h.
Ngeke akwazi ukuphunyula esitheni, ngakho-ke usindisiwe I-pangolin yempi umlingo ukusonteka ube ibhola. Lapho izama ukuvela, isibankwa sikhipha imfihlo ebabayo enephunga elibi, elethusa izitha.
Ukubona nokuzwa ama-pangolin akubalulekile, kodwa kunuka kamnandi. Yonke indlela yokuphila ingaphansi kwezimpawu zokuhogela. Bazisa izihlobo zabo ngokuba khona kwabo ngezimpawu zephunga ezihlahleni.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Izibankwa zePangolin yizilwane ezidla izinambuzane. Enhliziyweni yokudla kunezinhlobonhlobo zomuhlwa nezintuthwane, amaqanda azo. Okunye ukudla akuhehi izilwane ezincelisayo. Ukusebenza kokuncipha kokudla, ukudla okuyisidina kuba yisithiyo esikhulu sokugcina izilwane zithunjiwe, ekhaya.
Ebusuku, i-pangolin enkulu idla izintuthwane ezifika ku-200,000 ngenkathi izingela. Esiswini, isisindo esiphelele sokuphakelayo cishe siyi-700 gram. Isilwane esilambile singachitha ikoloni enkulu yezintuthwane ngesigamu sehora, sigcwalise isisu ngokudla okufika ku-1.5-2 kg. Ukudla kwe-Pangolin izinambuzane zomile, ngakho-ke izilwane zidinga ukufinyelela njalo emizimbeni yamanzi.
Akumangalisi ukuthi izilwane ezincelisayo zikhetha ukuhlala emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo. Izibungulu ziphuza amanzi njengezidliwayo, ngolimi lwazo, oluswakanyisiwe lungeniswe emlonyeni.
Izinzipho ezinamandla ezidladleni zisiza ama-pangolin ukubhubhisa izidleke zobumba zomuhlwa. Isilwane siphikelela ngokugqashula izindonga zezintuthwane. Ngemuva kwalokho uphenya idlozi elihlala ngolimi olude. Amathe ezibankwa anephunga elimnandi elifana nephunga loju.
Izintuthwane zinamathela olimini oluncane. Lapho zanele, i-pangolin idonsela ulimi lwayo emlonyeni, igwinya inyamazane. Uma intuthwane inganqotshwa ngasikhathi sinye, i-pangolin iphatha ikholoni ngamathe, njenge-glue, ukuze ibuyise usuku olulandelayo inyamazane.
Enye indlela yokuthola ukudla kuma-pangolin anokhuni. Angena esidlekeni sezinambuzane ngaphansi kwamagxolo ezihlahla. Izintwala ezilengiswe emisileni yazo zibamba izindawo lapho zinqwabelana khona, zidabula izingcezu zamagxolo ngozipho bese ziqala ukukhuluma ulimi olumnandi ngaphakathi.
Ngokulunywa yizinambuzane, isibankwa simboza amehlo aso ngamajwabu amehlo, futhi imisipha ekhethekile ivikela amakhala.
Ngaphezu kwezintuthwane, umuhlwa, izinhlobo ezithile zama-pangolin zondla kukhilikithi, izikelemu nezimpukane.
Amatshe aminyiwe nesihlabathi kufaka isandla ekugayeni ukudla. Zigaya izinambuzane, futhi amazinyo anezimpondo esiswini, i-epithelium enolaka evela ngaphakathi isiza ukugaywa kokudla.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokukhwelana kwama-pangolin siqala ekwindla, ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Isikhathi sokuzala inzalo ezinhlotsheni zaseNdiya singafika ezinsukwini ezingama-70, emathafeni nasezibankwa ezimhlophe - kuze kube yizinsuku eziyi-140. Izibankwa zase-Afrika zithola izinyane elilodwa, i-Asia - kuze kufike kokuthathu. Isisindo sezingane cishe singama-400 g, ubude bufinyelela ku-18 cm.
Ngemuva kokuzalwa, izikali zamaphuphu ziyathamba, ziba lukhuni emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngemuva kwamasonto ama-2-3, izingane zinamathela emsileni kamama, zilandele zize zikwazi ukuzimela. Ukudla kwezinambuzane kuqala cishe inyanga eyodwa. Uma kunengozi, omama bayazungeza izingane. Ama-Pangolin avuthwa ngokocansi eminyakeni emibili.
Impilo yama-pangolins ihlala cishe iminyaka eyi-14. Ochwepheshe bezokuzala bazama ukwandisa inani labantu, ukwelula impilo yalezi zibankwa ezimangazayo, kepha kunezinkinga eziningi ekutholeni inzalo enempilo yalezi zilwane ezingavamile.
Abantu abaningi bayazi i-pangolin esithombeni, kodwa into esemqoka ukuyigcina endaweni yemvelo, ukuze umlando wasendulo wobukhona babo unganqanyulwa ngamaphutha abantu.
