I-Tarbagan - igundane lomndeni wesikwele. Incazelo yesayensi negama lembila iMongolia - iMarmota sibirica, yanikezwa ngumcwaningi waseSiberia, iFar East kanye neCaucasus - uRadda Gustav Ivanovich ngo-1862.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Tarbagan
Izimbila zaseMongolia zitholakala eNyakatho Nenkabazwe, njengabo bonke abafowabo, kepha indawo yazo yokuhlala ifinyelela engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yeSiberia, iMongolia kanye nenyakatho yeChina. Kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwama-subspecies amabili we-tarbagan. UCommon noma uMarmota sibirica sibirica uhlala eTransbaikalia, eMpumalanga Mongolia, eChina. Izinhlobo ezingaphansi kweKhangai iMarmota sibirica caliginosus zitholakala eTuva, ezingxenyeni ezisentshonalanga neziphakathi neMongolia.
ITarbagan, njengezinhlobo eziyishumi nanye ezihlobene eduze nezinhlanu ezingasekho emhlabeni ezikhona emhlabeni namuhla, zavela ehlathini laseMiocene elingasekho lohlobo lweMarmota olusuka eProspermophilus. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zePliocene zazibanzi. Izinsalela zaseYurophu zisukela ePliocene, naseNyakatho Melika kuze kube sekupheleni kweMiocene.
Izimbila zanamuhla zigcine izici eziningi ezikhethekile zesakhiwo sogebhezi lwe-axial lweParamyidae ye-Oligocene epoch kunabanye abamele izingwejeje zasemhlabeni. Akuqondile, kepha izihlobo eziseduze kakhulu zezimbila zesimanje kwakungu-American Palearctomys Douglass no-Arktomyoides Douglass, ababehlala eMiocene emadlelweni nasemahlathini amancane.
Ividiyo: Tarbagan
ETransbaikalia, kwatholakala izinsalela zemvubu encane kusukela esikhathini seLate Paleolithic, mhlawumbe esingesiMarmota sibirica. Ezasendulo kakhulu zitholakale entabeni yaseTologoy eningizimu ye-Ulan-Ude. ITarbagan, noma njengoba ibizwa nangokuthi, imbila yaseSiberia, isondelene kakhulu ne-bobak kunezinhlobo ze-Altai; ifana kakhulu nohlobo lwaseningizimu-ntshonalanga lwembabazane yaseKamchatka.
Lesi silwane sitholakala kulo lonke elaseMongolia nasezindaweni ezakhelene neRussia, nasenyakatho-mpumalanga nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeChina, esifundeni esizimele seNe Nei Mengu esisemngceleni weMongolia (okuthiwa i-Inner Mongolia) kanye nesifundazwe saseHeilongjiang, esikumngcele weRussia. ETransbaikalia, ungayithola ngasosebeni lwesobunxele lweSelenga, kuze kufike eGoose Lake, emaqeleni aseningizimu yeTransbaikalia.
ETuva, itholakala emathafeni aseChui, empumalanga yomfula iBurkhei-Murey, ezintabeni eziseningizimu-mpumalanga yeSayan enyakatho yeLake Khubsugul. Imingcele eqondile yebanga ezindaweni zokuxhumana nabanye abameleli bezimbila (ezimpunga eSouth Altai naseKamchatka eMpumalanga Sayan) ayaziwa.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani uTarbagan
Ubude besidumbu 56.5 cm, umsila ongu-10.3 cm, okucishe kube ngu-25% wobude bomzimba. Ubude bokhakhayi bungu-8.6 - 9.9 mm, bunebunzi elincane futhi eliphakeme namathambo abanzi. E-tarbagan, i-tubercle ye-postorbital ayivelwanga njengakwezinye izinhlobo. Ibhantshi lifushane futhi lithambile. Inombala ompunga-mpunga, i-ocher, kepha lapho uyihlolisisa iyagqashuka ngamathiphu amnyama we-chestnut ezinweleni zokuqapha. Ingxenye engezansi yesidumbu ibomvu-mpunga. Emaceleni, umbala ufana futhi uqhathanisa nhlangothi zombili emuva nasesiswini.
Ingaphezulu lekhanda linombala omnyama, libukeka njengekepisi, ikakhulukazi ekwindla, ngemuva kokuncibilika. Awutholakali ngaphezu komugqa oxhuma phakathi kwezindlebe. Izihlathi, indawo ye-vibrissae, zilula futhi indawo yazo yombala iyahlangana. Isikhala esiphakathi kwamehlo nezindlebe naso sikhanya. Kwesinye isikhathi izindlebe zibomvu kancane, kepha kaningi zimpunga. Indawo engaphansi kwamehlo imnyama kancane, futhi nxazonke zezindebe zimhlophe, kepha kukhona umngcele omnyama emakhoneni nasesilevini. Umsila, ofana nombala wangemuva, ubumnyama noma onsundu ngokumpunga ekugcineni, njengangaphansi.
Ama-incisors ale nduku athuthukiswe kangcono kakhulu kunama-molars. Ukuzivumelanisa nokuphila emigodini kanye nesidingo sokumba ngezidladla zabo kuthinte ukunciphisa kwabo, izitho zangemuva zaguqulwa ikakhulukazi ngokuqhathanisa nezinye izingwejeje, ikakhulukazi ama-chipmunks. Uzwane lwesine lwamagundane luthuthuke kakhulu kunolwesithathu, kanti ingaphambili lokuqala lingase lingabi khona. AmaTarbagans awanazo izikhwama zezihlathi. Isisindo sezilwane sifinyelela ku-6-8 kg, sifinyelela kuma-9.8 kg aphezulu, futhi ekupheleni kwehlobo isisindo esingu-25% sisuke sinamafutha, cishe u-2-2.3 kg. Amafutha angaphansi angaphansi kuka-2-3 kunamafutha esiswini.
AmaTarbagans wezindawo ezisenyakatho zebanga mancane ngosayizi. Ezintabeni, kunabantu abanemibala emikhulu futhi emnyama. Ama-specimens aseMpumalanga alula; ngokuya entshonalanga, umbala wezilwane umnyama kakhulu. M. s. i-sibirica incane futhi ilula ngosayizi nge "cap" emnyama ehlukile. i-caliginosus inkulu, phezulu kunemibala ngamathoni amnyama, kuya ku-chocolate onsundu, futhi ikepisi alibizwa njengakuma-subspecies angaphambilini, uboya bude kancane.
Uhlala kuphi u-tarbagan?
Isithombe: tarbagan yaseMongolia
Ama-Tarbagans atholakala e-foothill nase-alpine meadow steppes. Izindawo zabo zokuhlala ezinotshani obanele bokudla imfuyo: iziqhingi, izihlahlana, ama-steppes asezintabeni, izimfunda ezisezintabeni, ama-steppes avulekile, ama-steppes asemahlathini, imithambeka yezintaba, izingwadule ezinamanzi amancane, izingqimba zemifula nezigodi. Zitholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-3.8 ngaphezulu kogu lolwandle. m., kepha ungahlali emadlelweni alpine kuphela. Amaxhaphozi kasawoti, izigodi eziwumngcingo nemigodi nakho kuyagwenywa.
Enyakatho yebanga bahlala ezinhlangothini eziseningizimu, ezifudumele, kepha bangahlala emaphethelweni ehlathi emithambekeni esenyakatho. Izindawo eziyizintandokazi zisezintabeni nasemathafeni asezintabeni. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, ukwehluka komhlaba kunika izilwane ukudla isikhathi eside ngokwanele. Kunezindawo lapho entwasahlobo utshani bujika buhlaza ekuqaleni nezindawo ezinomthunzi lapho uhlaza lungabuni isikhathi eside ehlobo. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, ukufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile kwama-tarbagans kuyenzeka. Isikhathi sonyaka sezinqubo zebhayoloji sithinta umsebenzi wokuphila nokuzala kwezilwane.
Njengoba kusha uhlaza, kubonakala ukufuduka kwama-tarbagans, okufanayo kungabonakala nasezintabeni, ngokuya ngokushintshwa kwaminyaka yonke kwebhande lomswakama, ukufuduka kwefula kwenzeka. Ukunyakaza okuqondile kungaba ngamamitha ayi-800-1000 ukuphakama. Ama-subspecies ahlala ezindaweni eziphakeme ezahlukahlukene. UM. Sibirica uhlala emaqeleni asezansi, kanti uM. Caliginosus ukhuphuka kakhulu ngezintaba nasemithambekeni.
Imbila yaseSiberia ithanda amashewa:
- okusanhlamvu kwentaba nama-sedge, umhlonyane ongavamile kakhulu;
- imifino (umdanso);
- utshani bezimpaphe, izintandokazi, ngokuhlanganiswa kwama-sedges nama-forbs.
Lapho kukhethwa indawo yokuhlala, ama-tarbagans akhetha lawo lapho kunokubukwa okuhle khona - emaqeleni aphansi otshani. ETransbaikalia nasempumalanga yeMongolia, ihlala ezintabeni ezigudle imihosha ebushelelezi namachibi, kanye namagquma. Esikhathini esedlule, imingcele yendawo yokuhlala yayifinyelela indawo yehlathi. Manje lesi silwane sesilondolozwe kangcono esifundeni esikude sezintaba saseHentei nasezintabeni zasentshonalanga yeTransbaikalia.
Manje uyazi lapho i-tarbagan itholakala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi ingulube yomhlabathi idlani.
Yini edliwa yi-tarbagan?
Isithombe: Marmot Tarbagan
Izimbila zaseSiberia zidla imifino futhi zidla izingxenye eziluhlaza zezitshalo: okusanhlamvu, i-Asteraceae, amabhu.
Entshonalanga yeTransbaikalia, ukudla okuyinhloko kwama-tarbagans yile:
- tansy;
- ukutakula;
- kaleria;
- utshani bokulala;
- amabhotela;
- i-astragalus;
- ugebhezi;
- idandelion;
- uqweqwe;
- okufana nokolweni;
- isibopho;
- amasimbali;
- isitshalo;
- umpristi;
- utshani bensimu;
- utshani bekolweni;
- nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zika-anyanisi wasendle nomhlonyane.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Lapho zigcinwa zithunjiwe, lezi zilwane zidle kahle izinhlobo ezingama-33 kwezingu-54 zezitshalo ezimila emaqeleni aseTransbaikalia.
Kukhona ushintsho lokuphakelayo ngokuya ngezinkathi zonyaka. Entwasahlobo, ngenkathi kukhona uhlaza oluncane, lapho ama-tarbagans ephuma emigodini yawo, adla isoyi elikhulayo elivela otshanini nasemaseleni, ama-rhizomes nama-bulb. Kusukela ngoMeyi kuya maphakathi no-Agasti, benokudla okuningi, bangadla emakhanda abawathandayo eCompositae, aqukethe amaprotheni amaningi nezinto ezigayekayo kalula. Kusukela ngo-Agasti, nangeminyaka eyomile nangaphambi kwalokho, lapho kusha izihlahla ezisemaqeleni, amagundane ayayeka ukuwadla, kepha emthunzini, ezindaweni zokudambisa usizo, kusalondolozwa imfoloko nomhlonyane.
Njengomthetho, i-marmot yaseSiberia ayidli ukudla kwezilwane, ekuthunjweni banikezwa izinyoni, ama-gophers, izintethe, amabhungane, izibungu, kepha ama-tarbagans awakwamukelanga lokhu kudla. Kepha kungenzeka ukuthi uma kwenzeka kube nesomiso futhi lapho kunokushoda kokudla, badla nokudla kwezilwane.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayoIzithelo zezitshalo, imbewu ayigaywa izimbila zaseSiberia, kepha ziyawahlwanyela, futhi zihlangene nomanyolo ophilayo nokufafaza ungqimba lomhlaba, lokhu kuthuthukisa indawo yezwe.
I-Tarbagan idla kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-1 kg we-mass mass ngosuku. Isilwane asiwaphuzi amanzi. Izimbila zasentwasahlobo zihlangana nenqolobane cishe engasetshenziswanga yamafutha esiswini, njengamafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba, iqala ukudliwa ngokwanda komsebenzi. Amafutha amasha aqala ukuqoqana ekupheleni kukaMeyi - Julayi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Tarbagan
Indlela yokuphila yetarbagan iyefana nokuziphatha nempilo yebobak, impunga, kepha imigodi yayo ijule kakhulu, yize inani lamakamelo lincane. Kaningi kunalokho, lena yikhamera eyodwa enkulu nje. Ezintabeni, uhlobo lwezindawo zokuhlala lugxile kakhulu nasemhosheni. Izitolo zasebusika, kepha hhayi izindima eziphambi kwegumbi lokudlela, ziminyene ngepulagi lobumba. Emathafeni anamagquma, ngokwesibonelo, njengaseDauria, i-Bargoi steppe, izindawo zokuhlala zezimbila zaseMongolia zisatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo endaweni enkulu.
Ubusika, kuya ngendawo yokuhlala nezwe, izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kwezi-7.5. Ukulala ubusika obukhulu eningizimu-mpumalanga yeTransbaikalia kwenzeka ekupheleni kukaSepthemba, inqubo ngokwayo inganwetshwa iye ezinsukwini ezingama-20-30. Izilwane ezihlala eduze nemigwaqo emikhulu noma lapho abantu bekhathazeke ngazo aziwondli kahle amafutha futhi zichitha isikhathi eside zifihlwa.
Ukujula komgodi, inani lodoti kanye nenani elikhulu lezilwane kuvumela ukugcina izinga lokushisa ekamelweni ngama-degree ayi-15. Uma yehlela ku-zero, khona-ke izilwane zingena esimweni sokulala ngokwengxenye futhi ngokuhamba kwazo ziyafudumezana kanye nendawo ezungezile. Imigodi esetshenziswe izimbila zaseMongolia iminyaka idala ukukhishwa okukhulu komhlaba. Igama lendawo lezimbila ezinje ngama-butanes. Ubungako bazo buncane kunobo bobob noma izimbila zezintaba. Ukuphakama okuphezulu yimitha eli-1, cishe amamitha ayi-8 ngaphesheya. Kwesinye isikhathi ungathola izimbila ezinkulu kakhulu - kuze kufike kumamitha angama-20.
Ebusika obubandayo, obungenalo iqhwa, ama-tarbagans angaqoqiwe amafutha ayafa. Izilwane ezinomzimba nazo ziyafa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngenkathi kunokudla okuncane, noma ngesikhathi seqhwa ngo-Ephreli-Meyi. Okokuqala, laba ngabantu abasha abangenaso isikhathi sokusebenza ngamafutha. Ngentwasahlobo, ama-tarbagans asebenza kakhulu, achitha isikhathi esiningi ngaphezulu, eya kude nemigodi yawo, lapho utshani bujike baba luhlaza khona ngamamitha ayi-150-300. Imvamisa zidla izimbila, lapho inkathi yokukhula iqala khona ekuqaleni.
Ngezinsuku zasehlobo, izilwane zisemigodini, kuyaqabukela zize ngaphezulu. Bayaphuma bayodla lapho ukushisa sekuphelile. Ekwindla, izimbila ezikhuluphele kakhulu zaseSiberia zilele kwizimbila, kepha labo abangatholanga mafutha emadlelweni lapho kutholakale khona usizo. Ngemuva kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, ama-tarbagans awavamile ukushiya imingxunya yawo, futhi noma kunjalo, kuphela ngezikhathi zasemini. Emasontweni amabili ngaphambi kokulala ubuthongo, izilwane ziqala ukulungiselela ngenkuthalo imibhede yasekamelweni lasebusika.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Tarbagan ovela eRed Book
Izilwane zihlala emaqeleni asemakholoni, zixhumana ngemisindo nangokulawula indawo. Ukwenza lokhu, bahlala ngemilenze yabo yangemuva, baqalaze umhlaba wonke. Ngokubuka okubanzi, zinamehlo amakhulu aqhakazile abekwe phezulu ngasekhanda futhi aqhubeke ezinhlangothini. AmaTarbagans akhetha ukuhlala endaweni engamahektha ama-3 kuye kwayi-6, kepha ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle bazohlala kumahektha angu-1.7 - 2.
Izimbila zaseSiberia zisebenzisa imingxunya ezizukulwaneni eziningana, uma kungekho muntu obaphazamisayo. Ezindaweni ezinezintaba, lapho inhlabathi ingavumeli ukumba izimbobo eziningi ezijulile, kunezimo lapho abantu abangafika kwabangu-15 belala egumbini elilodwa, kepha ngokwesilinganiso izilwane ezi-3-4-5 zilala emigodini. Isisindo sikamalitha esidlekeni sasebusika singafinyelela ku-7-9 kg.
Rut, futhi ngokushesha ukuvundisa kwenzeka kwizimbila zaseMongolia ngemuva kokuvuka emigodini yasebusika, ngaphambi kokuba zivele ebusweni. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-30-42, i-lactation ihlala ngokufanayo. ISurchata, ngemuva kwesonto elilodwa ingancela ubisi futhi idle izimila. Kukhona izingane ezi-4-5 kudoti. Isilinganiso sobulili cishe silingana. Ngonyaka wokuqala, i-60% yenzalo iyafa.
Izimbila ezincane ezineminyaka emithathu ubudala azishiyi imigodi yabazali bazo noma zize zifinyelele ebudaleni. Amanye amalungu ekoloni lomndeni elinwetshiwe nawo abamba iqhaza ekukhuliseni izingane, ikakhulukazi ngesimo se-thermoregulation ngesikhathi sokulala. Lokhu kunakekelwa okungafani konke kukhulisa ukusinda okuphelele kohlobo. Ikholoni lomndeni ngaphansi kwezimo ezizinzile linabantu abayi-10-15, ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle kusuka ku-2-6. Cishe ama-65% wabesifazane abavuthiwe ocansini babamba iqhaza ekukhiqizeni. Lezi zinhlobo zezimbila zilungela ukuzala ngonyaka wesine wokuphila eMongolia nakowesithathu eTransbaikalia.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: EMongolia, abazingeli babiza abancane bonyaka ngokuthi "abavamile", abaneminyaka emibili - "i-cauldron", abaneminyaka emithathu ubudala - "sharahatszar" Indoda endala ngu "burkh", insikazi i- "tarch".
Izitha zemvelo zama-tarbagans
Isithombe: Tarbagan
Ezinyonini ezidla ezinye, okuyingozi kakhulu kwi-marmot yaseSiberia ukhozi olugolide, yize eTransbaikalia kungavamile. Izinkozi zeSteppe zizingela abantu abagulayo nezimbila, futhi zidla namagundane afile. I-buzzard yaseCentral Asia yabelana ngalezi zinhlayiya ngokudla, idlala indima yamathafa ahlelekile. AmaTarbagans aheha ama-buzzard no-hawks. Ezinyaweni ezinezidlakudla ezine, izimpisi yizona eziyingozi kakhulu kwizimbila zaseMongolia, kanti futhi nomphakathi ungancipha ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yizinja ezilahlekile. Izingwe zeqhwa namabhere ansundu angabazingela.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngenkathi ama-tarbagans esebenza, izimpisi azihlaseli imihlambi yezimvu. Ngemuva kokulala ubuthongo bamagundane, izidlakela ezimpunga zishintshela ezilwaneni ezifuywayo.
Izimpungushe zivame ukuqamekela izimbila ezincane. Zizingelwa ngempumelelo yi-corsac ne-light ferret. AmaBadger awahlaseli izimbila zaseMongolia kanti namagundane awazinaki. Kepha abazingeli bathola izinsalela zezimbila esiswini sebheji; ngosayizi wazo, kungacatshangwa ukuthi zazincane kakhulu kangangokuthi zazingakawushiyi umgodi. Abantu baseTarbag baphazanyiswa ngamazeze ahlala eboyeni, ixodid kanye nemikhaza ephansi, nezintwala. Izibungu ze-gadfly zesikhumba zingakhubaza ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Izilwane nazo zihlushwa yi-coccidia kanye nama-nematode. Lezi zinambuzane zangaphakathi ziholela kumagundane ekukhathaleni nasekufeni.
AmaTarbagans asetshenziswa ngabantu bendawo ukudla. E-Tuva naseBuryatia manje akusenjalo kaningi (mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi isilwane sesingavamile), kodwa yonke indawo eMongolia. Inyama yezilwane ibhekwa njengesibiliboco, amafutha asetshenziselwa ukudla kuphela, kodwa nokulungiselela imithi. Izikhumba zamagundane zazingahlonishwa kakhulu phambilini, kepha ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokugqoka nokudaya benza ukuthi kube lula ukulingisa uboya babo ngoboya obubaluleke kakhulu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Uma uphazamisa i-tarbagan, ayikaze iphume iphume emgodini. Lapho umuntu eqala ukumba, isilwane simba ngokujule nangaphezulu, bese sivalela inkambo ngemuva kwaso nge-plug yobumba. Isilwane esibanjiwe simelana kabi futhi singalimaza kakhulu, sibambelele kumuntu obanjwe ukufa.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ngabe i-tarbagan ibukeka kanjani
Inani le-tarbagan lehle kakhulu kule minyaka eyikhulu edlule. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi ensimini yaseRussia.
Izizathu eziyinhloko:
- ukukhiqizwa okungalawulwa kwesilwane;
- ukutshala izindawo ezingazintombi eTransbaikalia naseDauria;
- ukuqothulwa okukhethekile okungafaki ukuqubuka kwesifo (i-tarbagan yiyona ethwala lesi sifo).
Ngama-30-40s wekhulu lokugcina eTuva, eceleni kogu lweTannu-Ola, kwakukhona abantu abangaphansi kwezinkulungwane eziyishumi. Entshonalanga yeTransbaikalia, inani labo kuma-30s laliphinde libe yizilwane eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi. ENingizimu-mpumalanga Transbaikalia ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. kwakukhona ama-tarbagans ayizigidi eziningana, kwathi maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka, ezindaweni ezifanayo, endaweni enkulu yokusabalalisa, inani lalingaphezu kwabantu abayishumi nge-1 km2. Ngasenyakatho kuphela kwesiteshi saseKailastui, endaweni encane, ukuminyana kwakungamayunithi angama-30. nge-1 km2. Kepha inani lezilwane belihlala lincipha, njengoba amasiko wokuzingela aqinile kubantu bendawo.
Inani elilinganisiwe lezilwane emhlabeni lingaba yizigidi eziyi-10. Ku-84 yekhulu lama-20. ERussia, bekunabantu abafinyelela ku-38,000, kufaka phakathi:
- eBuryatia - 25,000,
- eTuva - 11,000,
- eSouth-Eastern Transbaikalia - 2000.
Manje isibalo sesilwane sehle kaningi, sisekelwa kakhulu ukuhamba kwama-tarbagans avela eMongolia.Ukuzingela isilwane eMongolia ngeminyaka yama-90s kwehlise inani labantu lapha ngama-70%, kudlulisa lolu hlobo kusuka "kubangela ukukhathazeka okuncane" esigabeni "esisengozini." Ngokuya ngemininingwane eqoshiwe yokuzingela yango-1942-1960. kuyaziwa ukuthi ngo-1947 ukuhweba okungekho emthethweni kwafinyelela inani eliphakeme lamayunithi ayizigidi ezi-2,5. Esikhathini esivela ku-1906 kuya ku-1994, okungenani izikhumba eziyizigidi ezingama-104.2 zalungiswa ukuthengiswa eMongolia.
Inani langempela lezikhumba ezithengisiwe lidlula izilinganiso zokuzingela ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezintathu. Ngo-2004 kwathathwa izikhumba ezingaphezu kuka-117 000 ezazitholwe ngokungemthetho. Ukuqhuma kokuzingela kwenzeke selokhu kwenyuka intengo yamaphakethe, futhi izinto ezinjengemigwaqo ethuthukisiwe nezindlela zokuhamba zinikeza ukufinyelela okungcono kwabazingeli ukuthola amakoloni amagundane.
Ukuvikelwa kweTarbagan
Isithombe: Tarbagan ovela eRed Book
Encwadini Ebomvu YaseRussia, isilwane, njengasohlwini lwe-IUCN, esigabeni "esisengozini" - lesi yisibalo sabantu abaseningizimu-mpumalanga yeTransbaikalia, esigabeni esithi "siyancipha" endaweni yaseTyva, eNyakatho-Mpumalanga yeTransbaikalia. Isilwane sivikelwe eziqiwini zeBorgoysky ne-Orotsky, eziqiwini zeSokhondinsky neDaursky, kanye nasendaweni yaseBuryatia naseTrans-Baikal Territory. Ukuvikela nokubuyisa inani lalezi zilwane, kuyadingeka ukudala izinqolobane ezikhethekile, futhi kudingeka izindlela zokuphinda zenziwe kabusha, kusetshenziswa abantu abavela ezindaweni eziphephile.
Ukuphepha kwalolu hlobo lwezilwane kufanele futhi kunakekelwe ngoba indlela yokuziphilisa yama-tarbagans inethonya elikhulu ezweni. Izimbali zezimbila zinosawoti omningi, azijwayele ukubuna. Izimbila zaseMongolia ziyizinhlobo eziyisihluthulelo ezibamba iqhaza elibalulekile ezindaweni ezi-biogeographic. EMongolia, ukuzingela izilwane kuvunyelwe kusuka ngo-Agasti 10 kuya ku-Okthoba 15, kuya ngoshintsho enanini lezilwane. Ukuzingela kwavinjelwa ngokuphelele ngo-2005, 2006. i-tarbagan isohlwini lwezilwane ezingavamile eMongolia. Kwenzeka ezindaweni ezivikelekile kulo lonke uhla (cishe u-6% wobubanzi balo).
I-Tarbagan leso silwane okubekwe kuso izikhumbuzo eziningana. Esinye sazo siseKrasnokamensk futhi siyinhlanganisela yezibalo ezimbili ngesimo somvukuzi nomzingeli; lokhu kuwuphawu lwesilwane esacishe saqothulwa eDauria. Esinye isibazi sasemadolobheni safakwa e-Angarsk, lapho ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule kwethulwe ukukhiqizwa kwezigqoko ngoboya be-tarbagan. Kukhona ukwakheka okukhulu kwabantu ababili eTuva eduze nedolobhana laseMugur-Aksy. EMongolia kwakhiwa izikhumbuzo ezimbili ze-tarbagan: esinye e-Ulaanbaatar, kanti esinye senziwe ngezicupho, ku-aimag eseMpumalanga yeMongolia.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: Okthoba 29, 2019
Idethi yokubuyekeza: 01.09.2019 ngo-22: 01
