Inhlanzi Umhlanzo - abamele abamangalisayo bohlobo lwe-ray-finned, oluhlukaniswa ngesakhiwo somzimba esingajwayelekile nombala wokuqala. Imvamisa lezi zigqila zibizwa ngokuthi "inyanga", ngenxa yemvelaphi yesiLatin yegama lazo loqobo - uSelene. Laba bantu bathandwa ikakhulukazi ngabatshuzi, njengoba behlala ekujuleni okungajulile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukubona inhlanzi enjalo endaweni yayo yemvelo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Vomer
Ama-Vomeres angaphansi kombuso wezilwane, uhlobo lwe-chordate, uhlobo lohlobo lwenhlanzi olwenziwe ngemisebe. Leli qembu lifaka ngaphezu kwama-95% wabamele abaziwa njengamanje bezilwane zasemanzini. Bonke abantu abakulesi sigaba bangamathambo. Inhlanzi endala eyenziwe ngemisebe cishe ineminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-420 ubudala.
Umndeni, ohlanganisa abahlanza, ubizwa ngokuthi i-horse mackerel (Carangidae). Bonke abamele lesi sigaba bahlala ikakhulukazi emanzini afudumele olwandle lomhlaba. Zihlukaniswa ngomphebe we-caudal owenziwe ngemfucumfucu, umzimba omncane kanye nezimpiko ezimbili zasemuva. Umndeni wamahhashi ama-mackerel ufaka inani elikhulu lezinhlanzi ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezohwebo. Ama-Vomers nawo awahlukile.
Ividiyo: Vomer
Ama-Selenium ayizinhlobo ezihlukile ze-horse mackerel. Igama labo lomhlaba jikelele lesayensi nguSelene Lacepede.
Ngokulandelayo, bahlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- i-brevoortii noma i-Brevoort - ihlala emanzini engxenyeni esempumalanga ye-Pacific Ocean, ubude obukhulu babantu abudluli ku-38 cm;
- brownie noma iCaribbean moonfish - ungathola lolu hlobo lwabahlanza engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye-Atlantic Ocean, ubude bezinhlanzi bufinyelela cishe ku-28 cm;
- i-dorsalis noma inhlanzi yenyanga yase-Afrika - ihlala emanzini asogwini olusempumalanga ye-Atlantic Ocean, usayizi wesilinganiso somuntu omdala ngu-37 cm, isisindo sayo cishe siyisigamu esisodwa nohhafu;
- i-orstedii noma i-selenium yaseMexico - etholakala emanzini oLwandlekazi lwePacific olusempumalanga, ubude babantu bungu-33 cm;
- i-peruviana noma i-selenium yasePeru - ohlala engxenyeni esempumalanga yePacific Ocean, ifinyelela cishe ku-33 cm ubude;
- i-setapinnis noma i-West Atlantic selenium - etholakala emanzini asogwini lolwandle olusentshonalanga ye-Atlantic, abantu abakhulu kakhulu bangafika kubude obufinyelela kuma-60 cm, kuyilapho isisindo esingu-4.5 kg.
Iqembu elihlukile lifaka phakathi i-selenium ejwayelekile, ejwayelekile ogwini olusentshonalanga ye-Atlantic Ocean. Ngokwesilinganiso, abadala kuleli qembu bafinyelela cishe ku-47 cm ubude futhi kufika ku-2 kg ngesisindo.
Ukusatshalaliswa okukhethekile kwezinhlanzi kujwayelekile e-Atlantic nasePacific Ocean (ingxenye yayo esempumalanga). Izinhlanzi zikhetha ukuhlala ezifundeni ezinamanzi angajulile, okunomthelela ekudobeni kwazo okusebenzayo. U-Selenae uncamela ukuhola impilo yokuzijabulisa ikakhulukazi ezansi. Futhi, kunenqwaba yezinhlanzi kukholamu lamanzi.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Umhlanza wenhlanzi
Isici esiyinhloko se-selenium, esiba yisizathu sokwanda kwesithakazelo kubo esivela kubantu, silele ekubukeni kwezinhlanzi. I-Selena uhlobo olude kakhulu lwe-horse mackerel. Umzimba u-iridescent, uyisicaba. Ubude babo (ubuningi - 60 cm, isilinganiso - 30 cm) cishe bulingana nokuphakama. Umzimba ucindezelwe kakhulu. Izinhlanzi zincane ngomthamo. Ngenxa yalokhu kulinganiswa, ikhanda labo libukeka likhulu. Kuthatha cishe ingxenye yesine yomzimba wonke.
Umgogodla wabahlanza awuqondile, kepha ugobile kusukela ekugcineni kwepectoral. I-equidistant caudal fin etholakala esiqwini esincanyana kuyabonakala. I-dorsal fin ifinyeziwe futhi yethulwa ngendlela yezinaliti eziyi-8 ezincane kakhulu ngobude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abasha bamemezele izinqubo ze-filamentous (kuma-anterior spines). Abantu abadala abanakho okunjalo. I-Selenium inesakhiwo esikhethekile somlomo womlomo. Umlomo wezinhlanzi uqondiswe ngokulinganayo phezulu. Lomlomo ubizwa ngomlomo ophezulu. Kwenza umuntu azizwe sengathi umhlanzo udabukile.
Umbala womzimba wabahlanzayo yisiliva le-iridescent. Ngaphansi kwesidumbu, kuvame ukuba namabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma aluhlaza okotshani. Lezi zithunzi zivumela izinhlanzi ukuba zicashe ngokushesha ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye futhi zivele zisobala. Ingxenye yesisu yomzimba ayihlanganisi, kepha ibukhali. Ngenxa yobuso obucacile bomzimba, kubonakala sengathi i-selenium ingunxande noma (okungenani) isikwele.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isici esiyinhloko sabahlanza yizikali, noma kunalokho, ukungabikho kwayo. Umzimba wezinhlanzi awumboziwe ngezikali ezincane.
Ngenxa yomzimba wabo omncane, ama-selenium akwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha kukholamu lamanzi, ecashela umhlaseli ongahle abe khona. Ikakhulu abantu abanjalo bahlala ngamaqembu, ukunqwabelana okukhulu okufana nesibuko (noma ucwecwe), okuchazwa ngombala wokuqala wabamele ihhashi mackerel.
Ihlala kuphi i-vomer?
Isithombe: Inhlanzi yaseVomer emanzini
Indawo okuhlala kuyo iSelenium iyabikezelwa. Izinhlanzi zikhetha ukuhlala ezimweni ezinhle emanzini ashisayo. Ungahlangana nabo oLwandle i-Atlantic - ulwandle lwesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Inani elikhulu lezinhlobo zezinhlanzi zihlala lapha. Ngokukhethekile, ama-selenium akhethwa njengezindawo zokuhlala ngamanzi aseNtshonalanga Afrika naseMelika Ephakathi. Futhi, oLwandlekazi iPacific, ama-selenium athola izimo zokunethezeka.
Ama-Vomers ancamela ukuhlala emanzini asogwini eduze naphansi okunosilika noma okunesihlabathi. Ukujula okuphezulu kwendawo abahlala kuyo kungamamitha angama-80. Babhukuda ikakhulukazi ezansi, ngoba inani elikhulu lamatshe namakhorali liyabavumela ukuba bacashe ngokushesha ezilwaneni eziyingozi. Kukhona futhi abamele i-horse mackerel kukholamu lamanzi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-selenium amancane akhetha ukuhlala emanzini angajulile noma emilonyeni yemifudlana enamanzi amaningi.
Ukuphila okusebenzayo kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ebumnyameni. Emini, izinhlanzi zikhuphuka phansi bese ziphumula ekuzingeleni ebusuku.
Udlani?
Isithombe: Vomers, nazo ziyi-selenium
Ekufuneni ukudla, abahlanza bavame ukukhethwa ebumnyameni. Izitho zomzimba ezakhiwe kahle ziyabasiza ukuba bakwazi ukuhamba emanzini.
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwabahlanza kufaka ama-zooplanktons - isigaba esihlukile se-plankton abangakwazi ukulawula ukuhamba kwabo emanzini. Zibhekwa njengezisulu ezilula zabahlanza;
- ama-molluscs - amazinyo aqinile wezinhlanzi zenyanga avumela esikhathini esithile sokubhekana namagobolondo amancane, kushiya ungqimba lothuli;
- izinhlanzi ezincane - gazinga elisanda kuzalwa liyisibiliboco esiyintandokazi kubo bonke abamele isardadi. Izinhlanzi ezincane zibhukuda zisuke ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye ngokushesha okukhulu. Kodwa-ke, ubuncane babo abubavumeli ukuthi bahambe ngokushesha futhi bathole isiphephelo esihle. Yilokhu ama-selenium alambile asizakala ngakho;
- ama-crustaceans - inyama yabantu abanjalo ithandwa kakhulu ngabahlanza; ama-crustaceans amancane, azoba "lukhuni" kubo, akhethwa njengokudla kwezinhlanzi.
I-Selenium izingela emhlambini nabantu ofunda nabo. Imvamisa badla ebusuku. Ukudla kunganwetshwa noma kuncishiswe ngokuya ngezici zendawo yokuhlala yabahlanza.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Raba Vomer
Ngendlela yabo yokuphila, abahlanza banobungane futhi bazolile. Isikhathi esiningi bahlala ezindlini zabo zokukhosela (emadwaleni). Impilo esebenzayo iqala ngokufika kobumnyama, lapho ama-selenium eya kozingela futhi eqala ukufuna ukudla.
Izinhlanzi zihlala ezikoleni nabanye abantu. Eqenjini elilodwa elinjalo, kungaba nezinkulungwane ezingamashumi ezinkulungwane zezinhlanzi. Akukhona ukuthi yi-selenium kuphela. Abanye abamele i-horse mackerel nabo bahlangana ngemihlambi. Onke amalungu "ethimba" alima ngaphesheya kwezilwandle zamanzi olwandle efuna indawo engcono yokuzingela nokuhlala.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Imisindo abayenzayo isiza ama-selenium ukuxhumana emhlambini futhi ethuse izitha ezingaba khona. Izingcingo ezigoqelwayo zifana nokububula.
Abantu abancane be-selenium bakhetha ukuhlala emizimbeni yamanzi amasha noma anosawoti omncane. Abantu abadala besigaba esifanayo ama-mackerel bahlala futhi bondle kuphela emanzini olwandle. Abahlanza abakhulu abadli nje kuphela izidalwa ezintantayo, kepha futhi badabula umbhede wamanzi befuna abamele izilwane ezingena esigabeni sezilwane. Ngemuva kokuhlasela kwe-selenium, amaqhuqhuva aphawulekayo kanye nokungahleleki kuhlala phansi odakeni.
Kubantu, i-selenium (noma ngabe hlobo luni lwayo) ayisiyo ingozi. Izinhlanzi ziphephile futhi azinabungozi. Nabo uqobo baba yizisulu zezidingo zabantu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-vomers aziswa kakhulu emakethe yezokupheka ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwawo kwamaprotheni amaningi nokungabikho ngokuphelele kwamafutha. Impilo yabahlanza ayidluli eminyakeni engu-7. Okuwukuphela kwento eyinkambo yokuphila endaweni yokufakelwa. Ezimweni ezenziwe futhi zigcinwa ngumuntu, ama-selenium aphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ama-vomers
Abamele i-Seleniform bayizinhlanzi eziningi kakhulu. Ngesinye isikhathi, umhlanzikazi wesifazane uyakwazi ukukhiqiza cishe amaqanda ayisigidi. Ngemuva kokukhiqizwa kabusha kwenzalo, umama "onothando" uqhubeka nohambo. Abesilisa noma abesifazane abawanakekeli amaqanda. Noma kunjalo, azinamathiselwe kunoma iyiphi indawo. Izinkumbi ezinjalo ze-caviar zivame ukuba yisidlo esigcwele senhlanzi enkulu. Lezi zinto zichaza iqiniso lokuthi emaqanda ayisigidi angakazalwa, kuzalwa cishe ama-gazinga angamakhulu amabili kuphela.
Amawundlu weSelenium ayizidalwa ezinobuhlakani futhi ezihlakaniphile. Kakade ngemuva nje kokuzalwa kwabo, bazivumelanisa nemvelo futhi bathunyelwa kuhlu lokudla. Fry feed ikakhulukazi kwi-zooplankton encane kunazo zonke. Akekho obasizayo ekudleni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngenxa yomzimba wayo oguqukayo, usayizi omncane nobungqabavu, abahlanza abasanda kuzalwa bafihla ngempumelelo kwizidlakela ezinkulu.
Ukuntuleka "kwemvelo yomama" kubalulekile ukuthi izinhlanzi zikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zolwandle ezinzima. Okunamandla okusinda - yilabo kuphela abakwazi ukucasha kumzingeli ngesikhathi futhi bathole ukudla. Kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi u-80% wezibungu ze-selenium ziyafa. Isimo sihlukile ezimweni zokuphila zokufakelwa. Iningi labahlanza lisinda emanzini nasemachibini akhethekile. Lokhu kuchazwa yizimo zokuphila ezingcono kakhulu nokungabikho kwezilwane eziyingozi.
Izitha zemvelo zabahlanza
Isithombe: Vomera, noma selenium
Zonke izinhlanzi ezidlula ngosayizi we-selenium ziyazidla. Ama-Vomers anezitha ezinkulu zobukhulu obukhulu. Ama-Vomers azingelwa ngemikhomo ebulalayo, oshaka, imikhomo kanye nabanye abamele omkhulu wolwandle. Izitha ezinamandla kakhulu nezinobuhlakani zithola inhlanzi eyisicaba. Impilo enzima yasemanzini iguqule abahlanza ukuba bazifihle ngekhono futhi bahambe ngejubane eliyisimanga.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngenxa yohlobo olukhethekile lwesikhumba, i-selenium ejwayelekile iyakwazi ukuguquguquka noma ibonakale nhlobo. Lokhu kwenzeka ekhoneni elithile le-sunbeam. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi imfihlo enkulu yenhlanzi ibonwa ezimweni ezimbili: uma uyibuka ngemuva noma ngaphambili (nge-engela yama-degree angama-45). Ngakho-ke, ngisho nangaphandle kwemifula eseduze, abahlanzayo bayakwazi ukucasha futhi bangabonakali.
Naphezu kwenani elikhulu lezitha zemvelo ze-selenium, abantu bangumzingeli onesihluku nokwesabeka kunabo bonke. Izinhlanzi zibanjelwa ukuthengiswa kabusha ekukhiqizeni. Inyama yeVomer iyaziswa nganoma iyiphi indlela: ethosiwe, ebhemayo, eyomisiwe. Ukuthandwa okukhulu kwe-selenium ephekiwe kubonakala emazweni we-CIS naseNingizimu Melika. Ama-vomers asanda kubhema athengiswa ngokushesha ukuze kutholakale ubhiya. Inyama yenhlanzi inciphile futhi inamaprotheni amaningi. Kuphephile ngisho nakulabo abadla ukudla okulungile.
Ukwehlisa ubungozi bokuqothulwa kwama-vomers, izindawo eziningi zokudoba zithathe ukukhulisa okwenziwe kwalolu hlobo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ekuthunjweni inkomba yesikhathi sokuphila ifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-10, futhi izici eziyinhloko zezinhlanzi (usayizi, isisindo, umzimba) azihlukile kubamele be-oceanic yeVomeric. Ukunambitheka kwenyama nakho akuguquki. Futhi iminyene ngokungaguquguquki, kepha ithambe kakhulu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Vomer
Izinhlanzi zaseVomera zithathwa njengezifanelwe kakhulu nabamele impilo yasolwandle. Bebelokhu bezama ukusinda kusukela bezalwa. Lokhu yikho okwenza ukuthi “zintante”: izinhlanzi zifunda ukuzingela ngendlela efanele (ebumnyameni ukuthola ukudla okwengeziwe), ukufihla ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye (ngisho nokusebenzisa amakhambi elanga kulokhu) futhi zihlala emihlambini (okuzivumela ukuba ziqondise kahle ukunyakaza futhi ukubhukuda uye endaweni efanele). Kodwa-ke, ukwanda kwesivuno selenium eminyakeni yamuva kubeka impilo yabo ejwayelekile engcupheni enkulu. Ukubamba izinhlanzi ezinkulu, umuntu ushiya kuphela abameleli babo abancane olwandle. Ukuthosa kusengcupheni yokuhlaselwa yizitha zemvelo futhi akuhambisani nezimo ezinzima zolwandle. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuqothulwa kwabahlanza.
Ayikho imininingwane eqondile ngenani labahlanza ezifundeni ezithile. Iqiniso liwukuthi akunakwenzeka ukubala izikole ezinkulu zezinhlanzi. Kepha ngaphandle kwalokhu, iziphathimandla zezinye izifundazwe, zihlolisise isimo sokudotshwa kwe-selenium, zafaka umkhawulo ngisho nokuvinjelwa kokubanjwa kwalaba bantu. Isibonelo, entwasahlobo ka-2012, kwakungavunyelwe ukubamba i-vomer yasePeru e-Ecuador. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi abamele imvelo babona ukwehla kwenani labantu (kwaba nzima ukubamba ama-selenium amakhulu asePeru, ayethulwe phambilini kula manzi ngobuningi).
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ziyanda izindawo zokwenziwa zabahlanza. Ngale ndlela, abakhiqizi bonga imali ngenqubo yokudoba, balondoloze inani lezinhlanzi endaweni yabo yemvelo, futhi bavumele bonke abathandi benyama ye-selenium ukuthi baqhubeke nokujabulela ukunambitheka kwabo.
Ngaphandle kokubanjwa okwengeziwe kwabahlanza, abanikezwa isimo sokongiwa kwemvelo. Imikhawulo yokubamba okwesikhashana isebenza njalo emazweni amaningi. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, gazinga banesikhathi sokuqina nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezinzima zendawo yabo. Ngakho-ke, inani labantu likhula ngokuqinile futhi ukuqothulwa kwalo akulindelekile.
InhlanziUmhlanzo - akujwayelekile ngesakhiwo somzimba nombala, okwazi ukusinda ngaphansi kwanoma iziphi izimo. Bangacishe bangabonakali futhi bathole ukudla ngaphansi kukadaka. Umuntu kuphela owesaba le nhlanzi. Kepha naphezu kokubanjwa okusebenzayo, ama-selenium awayeki ukugcina ubukhulu babantu bawo. Ukuhlangabezana nezinhlanzi ezinjalo mathupha, akudingekile nakanjani ukuya ogwini lwe-Atlantic. Ungabancoma abahlanza abakhangayo nabangajwayelekile ezindaweni zasemanzini.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 07/16/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 25.09.2019 ngo-20: 38
