I-Baikal ayilona nje ichibi noma indawo yokulondolozwa kwemvelo, kungumhlaba omangalisayo, oyingqayizivele onezici zawo ezihlukile, wonke umuntu azi ngazo, kusukela esikoleni.
Ngempela, izitshalo nezilwane eziningi ezingatholakala osebeni lwazo azibhalwanga nje emakhasini eRed Book, zihlala endaweni eyodwa, eyingqayizivele emhlabeni wethu, osebeni lweLake Baikal.
Izimpawu zeBaikal
Zonke izakhamuzi zalesi siqiwu semvelo esizolile zizolile ngokuba khona komuntu, ojwayele ukubonga kuye ngokuvakasha kwezemvelo okuthuthukisiwe. Kepha ethandwa kakhulu izilwane zeBaikal zezithombe- namalensi evidiyo wezivakashi, lezi yizimpawu zangempela.
Eqinisweni, izimvu zamanzi zeBaikal ziyizimpawu. Lezi zikhungo ezibukekayo zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngenxa yomsebenzi wesikhathi eside wamabhizinisi wokulahla imfucuza echibini, futhi okwamanje izinhlobo zezimvu zamanzi zeBaikal zivikelwe kakhulu, empeleni zonke izilwane zine-chip yazo kanye "nababukayo".
Ososayensi basaphikisana ngokuthi lezi zilwane ezinhle zagcina kanjani emanzini asechibini angawodwa. Umbono onokwethenjelwa kakhulu ubonakala umayelana nokufuduka ngesikhathi se-glaciation kusuka e-Arctic Ocean.
Izimpawu zisebenzisa cishe sonke isikhathi sazo emanzini, bese ziyavela zidonse umoya emaphashini azo. Ngezinsuku ezinhle, ezifudumele, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kwekwindla, bashintsha imikhuba yabo baye ogwini noma emadwaleni ukuze balale emuva bangene bethamele ilanga.
Zilala eduze nogu, ezingxenyeni ezinomswakama, ngaphansi kweqhwa, zisebenzisa ubusika futhi ukuzala. Izinsikazi zezimpawu zaseBaikal zivuthwa ngaphambi kwamadoda, zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokobulili ngeminyaka eyi-4-4.5, kanti "abafana" baqala ukuba nentshisekelo kubo kuphela eminyakeni engu-5-6.
Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-11, kanti izingane zivame ukuzalwa kusukela ngoFebhuwari kuya maphakathi no-Ephreli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane bayakwazi ukuzala kuze kube yiminyaka engama-40-45, yize izimvu zamanzi zihlala ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle iminyaka engaba ngu-50. Kuzalwa abantwana abancane, imvamisa kube yinye, akuvamile ukuba babe babili. Izimpawu ezisanda kuzalwa zinesisindo esingu-3.5-4 kg futhi zimbozwe ngoboya obumhlophe njengeqhwa.
Isisindo sesilwane esikhulile siyahluka kusuka ku-50 kuya ku-150 kg, uphawu luyakuthola konke ukuphila kwalo, ludla izinhlanzi, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ze-golomyanka-goby, ezidla izinhlanzi ezingama-4-5 kg ngosuku.
Isikhathi esingangonyaka, ngalinye lalawa masiki lingadla cishe ithani lezinhlanzi, kanti uphawu lusahlala lungumuntu obhukuda onomusa kakhulu, athuthukise, uma kunesidingo, isivinini esingu-20-25 km / h.
U-Elk
Ama-Prongs ahlala kuyo yonke i-Eurasia, kepha la izilwane eBaikal – akuvamile, ngoba zihlukile kuzo zonke ezinye izinyamazane, okokuqala - ngosayizi. Ngokwesilinganiso, isisindo se-elk esihlala ogwini lolwandle singama-400, kepha abesilisa abaningi badlula ama-500 kg.
Ukuphakama kwalobu buhle lapho kubuna emngceleni waso ophansi kungamamitha ayi-2,5, kanti ubude bomzimba obuncane ngamamitha amathathu. Izimpondo ezinamandla kakhulu nezinhle zitholakala kuma-moose aneminyaka engu-15 ubudala, futhi zihlala ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle iminyaka engu-25-30.
Izimpondo ziyawa ngoJanuwari, ukukhula "okusha" kuqala ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Umkhuba wenzeka ngoSepthemba-Okthoba, futhi amathole amancane ama-moose azalwa ngoMeyi-Juni. Abadala be-Elk bahlala emaqenjini amancane abantu abayi-4-8, bedla utshani namahlumela, kanti ebusika badla amagxolo.
Izinyamazane ze-Musk
Lezi yizinyamazane ezinhle ezinhle, kwesinye isikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi izinyamazane "ezinamazinyo ama-saber". Abantu bomdabu bendawo banendaba enhle yokuthi inyamazane yathandana kanjani ne-lynx, futhi inyamazane ye-musk yaba isithelo salolu thando.
Lezi zilwane eziyingqayizivele, njengezimpawu, zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Kulokhu, isizathu sabazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Izinyamazane zamaski owesilisa ziwumthombo wemiski, into eyingqayizivele yemvelaphi yezilwane, okuyisisekelo sezindlela zokupheka eziningi, zombili zamakhavu nodokotela.
Le ngenye yezinyamazane ezincane kunazo zonke eMhlabeni. Isisindo esikhulu sezinyamazane ze-musk ngu-18 kg, kanti ubude bomzimba buyimitha elilodwa kuphela. Azinazo izimpondo, kodwa ezeduna zinamazinyo amahle, angasetshenziswa ukukha ubulembu kalula ezihlahleni - intandokazi yezinyamazane ze-musk. I-rut iqala ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, futhi ezinsukwini ezingu-190-200 kamuva, kuzalwa izinyamazane ezincane.
I-Wolverine
I-Clumsy futhi, uma uthi nhlá, ayikwazi ukuzivikela, ama-wolverine aseBaikal empeleni ayizidlakela, azisheshayo futhi anonya emndenini we-weasel. Ifana kakhulu nebhere elincane, i-wolverine ifinyelela isilinganiso semitha ubude.
Lo ngumzingeli nomhambi ongakhathali, ngosuku uhamba amakhilomitha angama-40-50 eyofuna inyamazane ngaphandle kokuzikhandla. Le cutie idla izinyoni, amagundane, amaqanda, uma ihlangana nesidleke, ayikudeleli isidumbu futhi inamandla okuhlasela inyamazane elimele noma efa. Abantu bomdabu bendawo banezindaba eziningi ezimayelana ne-wolverine enobuqili, ecashile, enqoba kalula i-moose engathandeki.
Azinaso isikhathi esithile sokukhwelana, kepha abesifazane bavame ukuzala ebusika, bakhe umhume wemigudu eqhweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, obaba ngandlela thile bafunda ngokwenzekayo futhi bakhona, banakekele umndeni futhi balethe ukudla kowesifazane nasezinsaneni.
"Amantombazane" eWolverine angakhiqiza inzalo kabili ngonyaka, kepha ngokwalokho okwenziwe kusukela ngo-1969, lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu. Lobu buhle obusabekayo buphila iminyaka eyi-10-15, futhi endaweni yokugcina bodwa, kodwa kunesitha esibi kakhulu - impisi.
Impisi Ebomvu
Isilwane esiyivelakancane namuhla, ekubukekeni kwaso izici zempungushe, izimpisi nezimpungushe kubonakala kuxubile, kwake kwahlala ezweni lakithi kulo lonke i-Altai, iBuryatia, iPrimorsky Territory. Namuhla, endaweni yasogwini lwamachibi, lolu hlobo lubuyiselwa ngokwenziwe, kusetshenziswa izilwane ezingeniswe zisuka eNyakatho China.
Lobuhle obuntofontofo, obulingana nabelusi baseJalimane, sebunezimpande kahle futhi okwamanje, sekukhona amaqembu amancane ambalwa esiqiwini, okuyi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bazoba yimfuyo ebucayi.
Indlela yokuphila yamadoda abomvu abukekayo iyefana nezimpisi ezilula. Bazingela ndawonye, kuma-ungulates, kepha-ke, uma bebona i-wolverine izula endleleni, bakhohlwa ngakho konke okusezweni, ngokushesha baqala ukuxosha umhlaseli.
Abanaso isikhathi esithile sokukhwelana, ukukhulelwa kwempisi kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-60-65, futhi amawundlu ezimpisi azalwa kusukela kwababili kuya kwabayishumi. Izimpisi zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokobulili ngonyaka owodwa nohhafu, kodwa ziqala ukukhwelana eminyakeni emibili.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo, kanye nezinye izimpisi, lubonakala "ngothando lokuphila", ukwethembeka nokungaguquguquki. Imihlambi ihlala emihumeni nasemigodini.
Lezi zidlakela ezinhle ziphila eminyakeni eyi-12 kuya kwengu-15, futhi zanyamalala ezweni laseRussia kanye ngenxa yokuzingela nokuzingela ngokungemthetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpisi ezibomvu zadutshulwa kuphela ngenxa yemisila yazo emangalisayo, kusuka ku-50 cm ubude, efana kakhulu nezimpungushe.
Bhele
Yize amabhere ansundu, njengezinyamazane, ehlala kulo lonke elase-Eurasia, kuphela echibini eligodliwe lapho engamakhosi angempela emvelo. Ubude bomzimba wala madoda abukekayo ahlala ngasemanzini eChibi iBaikal ngamamitha angu-2,5-3, ukuphakama okubunayo kusuka kumitha elilodwa nohhafu. Isilwane sibalulekile, sihleli, asijahile. Kodwa-ke, uma kunesidingo, izohamba kalula ibanga elingamakhilomitha angama-300 ifuna ukudla, bese ibuyela emuva.
Amabhere weBaikal akhona, njengawo wonke umuntu, kepha akhetha inhlanzi kunokunye ukudla. Ngisho noju lungaphansi kwenhlanzi entsha, amabhere ngenxa yalo ayakwazi ukungashiyi amanzi isigamu sosuku. Ukuzilibazisa osebeni lolwandle kuhlala izinyanga eziyisithupha; amabhere akha imigodi lapha kahle kakhulu kunezihlobo zawo zaseYurophu.
Azinaso isikhathi esinqunyiwe sokukhwelana, ngesikhathi esisodwa kuzalwa ingane eyodwa kuya kwezine, ezichitha ubusika bazo bokuqala nebhere. Futhi amabhere ahlala endaweni ebekelwe iminyaka engu-20-25.
I-Lynx
I-lynx yikhadi elivakashelayo lesi siqiwu. Ikati eliqinile elinomusa, ngenxa yokuhlangana okuzodingeka uzame kanzima kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-lynx ngokwabo ibona ngokuthula izivakashi, ingacabangi ukufihla noma ukubaleka. Bahlala nje ezindaweni ezinzima kakhulu zesiqiwi.
Uyikati, noma ngabe leli kati liyi-lynx yaseBaikal. Lesi silo sinesizungu. Ama-Lynxes akazalanisi zonke izinkathi zonyaka, kuvame ukuba namazinyane angama-3-5, futhi ubaba akanandaba nomndeni.
I-lynx izingela yonke into, ukudla kwayo kungama-hares, izinyamazane, izimpungushe. Konke akubonayo nongakubamba. Akasoze adlula esidlekeni esinamaqanda, kepha imvamisa akadli, kepha umane adilize ngezidladla zakhe.
I-lynx ihlasela isuka ekuqamekeleni, ithuthukise isivinini ngokushesha nangaphezulu ngokwanele. Kepha manje, isisulu sinamathuba amaningi okuphunyuka, ngoba ikati liphuma selivele likhona kumamitha angama-70 wokulandela.
Kodwa-ke, uma i-lynx iphumelele, futhi yagxuma ngokushesha esiswini sayo, ngisho nendololwane ayinalo ithuba lokusinda. I-lynx ayihloniphi konke. nezilwane Baikal, kepha, ngokuxakile, ihlala ingathathi hlangothi ngokuphelele maqondana nama-wolverine.
Irbis
Isilwane esidumile, cishe esihle kakhulu - i-irbis, ingwe yeqhwa yeChibi iBaikal. Lesi silo asikho nje phakathi izilwane zeRed Book of Baikal, unesimo esikhethekile - akathinteki ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo, kufaka phakathi usongo empilweni.
Uma ingwe ihlasela, isivakashi singasebenzisa kuphela imicibisholo enamaphilisi okulala, ngokuya ngomthethonqubo wesifundazwe wokuvikelwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane eziyivelakancane.
Ngokuvamile, kuwo wonke umlando wesigcini. Kusukela ngo-1969, awekho amacala okuhlaselwa kwezingwe kubantu. Lezi zilwane ezidla ezinye zihlala endaweni yesigcini sonke, zizingela ama-ungulates futhi, ngokuvamile, afana namakati amakhulu kakhulu. Isilo ngasinye esinjalo sincishisiwe. Namuhla endaweni yezinqolobane kuhlala izingwe ezingama-49.
Isisindo salawa madoda abukekayo sisukela kuma-55 kuye kuma-65 kg, ubude bomzimba oqinile ogcwele imisipha yensimbi busuka ku-1.05 kuye ku-1.1 wamamitha. Izingwe zithanda ukukhwelana kusukela ngoJanuwari kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMashi, futhi emva kwezinsuku eziyi-100 kuzalwa amazinyane amakati amhlophe njengeqhwa.
Ekuzingeleni, izingwe zeqhwa zihlala ziqala ngama-ungulates, kodwa-ke, ngoba ingwe ilele isikhathi eside, ngaphandle kokuhamba icathamele, unogwaja uvame ukweqa eduze. Kulokhu, unogwaja oyisiphukuphuku udlulwa ukushaywa ngezidladla, okushesha kakhulu kangangokuba umuntu umane angakuboni.
Ukuzingela kugcina lapho, ingwe idla ngesidumbu isidumbu sikanogwaja, futhi uma kuvela inqama, inyamazane noma imbuzi ngalesi sikhathi, akukho lutho olubasabisayo, kuze kube yilapho ingwe yeqhwa iphinda ilamba futhi. Leli kati elikhulu lidinga u-3 kuya ku-5 kg wenyama ngasikhathi.
Umvundla
Lapho kukhulunywa ngayo izilwane Baikal, okokuqala, bayakhumbula ngezilwane ezidla ezinye, ngezinhlobo zabo ezingavamile nezisengozini yokukhohlwa, bakhohlwa ngonogwaja. Unogwaja omhlophe uyisilwane, ngaphandle kwawo iningi "lezilwane ezidlayo nezihle" belingeke nje libulawe yindlala. Hare uhlala kuso sonke isiqiwi futhi asebenze njengokudla cishe kwazo zonke izilwane ezidla ezinye.
Abelungu uqobo, izilwane zinkulu. Zinesisindo esisuka ku-2,5 kuya ku-5 kg, kanti ubude bungafika kuma-cm 50. Kukholakala ukuthi ama-hares ayasebenza kusihlwa nasebusuku, kepha ama-hares ahlala esebenza eLake Baikal.
Bamba iminks ejulile, kusuka ku-8-9 m, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-hares asathanda ukungabi yizisulu zabahlali abalambile be- "Red Book". Amabhere amhlophe adla ngokuphelele kuzo zonke izitshalo, nazo zombili amaqabunga, izithelo nezimbali, nezimpande. Ebusika, zidla amagxolo namagatsha.
Onogwaja bathanda ukuzala, unogwaja uletha udoti o-3-4 wonogwaja abayi-2-6 ngonyaka. Amahares ahlala endaweni ebekiwe "emindenini" emikhulu, futhi awanenhlalo futhi kaningi "ayasizana".
Impungushe
Izimpungushe ezihlala emhlabeni wonke, osebeni lwechibi eligodliwe, ngokungajwayelekile, zehlukile. Kuphela lapha izimpungushe ezibomvu zizolile ngokuphelele ngabantu, futhi lapho bebona iqembu labavakashi bezemvelo, abagcini nje ngokushiya, kodwa baqala "ukuzibamba", bemomotheka ngayo yonke isifonyo sabo esihle.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi leli qhinga selithele izithelo futhi ukuthandwa kobuqili obomvu phakathi kwabavakashi kudlule ikati likaPallas, i-lynx, ngisho nengwe yeqhwa.
Ngasikhathi sinye, izimpungushe ngokwazo azinendaba nokufaneleka kwazo, izivakashi nje zihlala zishiya okuthile okumnandi, ngokwesibonelo, amakhukhi, ama-chanterelles awadla ngenjabulo enkulu. Abaqondisi abaziqapheli izinto ezinjalo, ngoba ukubuyekezwa kwama-rave kwalabo "abakhulume" nezimpungushe kudonsela izivakashi ezintsha esiqiwini.
Impungushe yisilo esinomusa. Abantu abahlala ngasogwini lwaleli chibi bahluke kancane kulabo abahlala emahlathini aseYurophu. Isisindo se-chanterelle yendawo siguquka cishe u-10-15 kg, futhi ubude bufinyelela ku-80-90 cm, ngaphandle komsila. Umsila uvela ku-60 cm, futhi izimpungushe aziwukhulisi amajazi omuntu, kodwa njenge "stabilizer" ngenkathi isebenza.
Ubuhle bezinwele ezibomvu obungamazinyo angama-42 imvamisa buba sebusuku, kepha hhayi eLake Baikal. Akucaci noma ngabe lokhu kungenxa yezivakashi noma umsebenzi wewashi nxazonke wokudla okuyinhloko kwama-fox - hares.
Ama-Chanterelles ahlala emhlabeni wonke kusuka eminyakeni emi-3 kuya kwengu-10, kodwa endaweni yokugcina impilo yinde, ngokusho kwezibalo eziqoqwe ngosizo lwabazingeli, izimpungushe zendawo ziqala eminyakeni engu-15-17.
Imigodi yezimpungushe isetshenziselwa kuphela ukukhosela engozini noma esimweni sezulu esibi nokuzalisela amawundlu. Uma isimo sezulu sihle, azikho izitha eziseduze futhi impungushe ngeke izale - izolala ilale ngaphansi kwesihlahla, isongwe ngebhola.
Izimpungushe zingabazingeli abahle kakhulu, kodwa eChibini iBaikal nazo zingabadobi abahle kakhulu futhi bathanda ukudla izibungu nezibungu. Lokho futhi kwehlukanisa "ama-redheads" endawo kubo bonke abanye.
Azinaso isikhathi esithile "sobudlelwano bomshado", kepha izimpungushe zithanda ukuzala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Amacala alotshiwe lapho owesifazane ngendlela enonya exosha owesilisa, kanti, uma konke kwenzelwa impungushe, amawundlu ayezovela "ebusika".
Bobabili abazali babambe iqhaza ekukhuliseni izingane. Yini umndeni wezimpungushe onayo ngempilo, njengaleyo yezimpisi. Umndeni ngamunye unensimu yawo. Kodwa-ke, uma kunokudla okwanele, izimpungushe zizolile mayelana "nezivakashi".
Ngokuvamile, izilwane echibini iBaikal, njengezinyoni nezinhlanzi - bonke ndawonye bazakhela owabo umhlaba oyingqayizivele, okhethekile. Zonke zixhumene kakhulu, zombili ngokuhlangana kanye nechibi uqobo.
Lokhu kungabonakala uma uthi nhlá, hhayi ngaphandle kwesizathu, ngaphandle kwentengo ephezulu yalolu hambo, inani labavakashi bezemvelo landa njalo, futhi labo asebevele bevakashele esiqiwini nakanjani bazobuya futhi.
