Ngokokuqala ngqa, abantu baseYurophu babona izinyoni ezinkulu nezingakwazi ukundiza, ngaphandle zifana nezintshe, ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16. Futhi incazelo yokuqala yalezi zidalwa ezincwadini ibhekisela ku-1553, lapho umhloli wamazwe waseSpain, umhambi kanye nompristi uPedro Cieza de Leon engxenyeni yokuqala yencwadi yakhe ethi "Chronicles of Peru".
Ngaphandle kokufana okuphawulekayo kwangaphandle Izintshe zase-Afrika rhea, izinga lobudlelwano babo lisaphikisana emibuthanweni yezesayensi, ngoba ngaphezu kokufana, kuningi umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinyoni.
Incazelo kanye nezici zerhea yentshe
Ngokungafani nezihlobo zabo zase-Afrika, incini nandu esithombeni - futhi ikhamera ye-TV isabela ngokuthula ngokwanele, ayizami ukucasha noma ukubaleka. Uma le nyoni ingathandi okuthile, khona-ke i-rhea ikhipha isililo esisemathunjini, esikhumbuza kakhulu umsindo wokugquma kwesilwane esikhulu esidla inyama, esifana nebhubesi noma i-cougar, futhi uma ungaboni ukuthi lo msindo wenziwe intshe, akunakwenzeka ukunquma ukuthi ngowomphimbo wale nyoni yini. ...
Le nyoni ingabuye ihlasele lowo osondele eduze kakhulu, evula izimpiko zayo, ngayinye enozipho olubukhali, iqhubekela phambili esitheni esingahle sibe khona futhi ihayiza ngokusabisa.
Ubukhulu be-rhea yentshe kuncane kakhulu kunezinyoni zase-Afrika. Ukukhula kwabantu abakhulu kufinyelela imitha elilodwa nohhafu kuphela. Isisindo sezintshe zaseNingizimu Melika naso sincane kakhulu kunaleso sobuhle base-Afrika. I-rhea ejwayelekile inesisindo esingama-30-40 kg, kanti i-Darwin's rhea ithwala ngisho nangaphansi - 15-20 kg.
Intamo yezintshe yaseNingizimu Melika imbozwe izimpaphe ezithambile, futhi zinezinzwane ezintathu emilenzeni yazo. Ngokuqondene nesivinini sokugijima, intshe nandu ingagijima, ikhiphe ama-50-60 km / h, ngenkathi ibhalansi ngamaphiko ahlukaniswe kabanzi. Futhi ukuqeda ama-parasites, i-rhea ilele othulini nasodakeni.
Ngokwencazelo yabahloli bamazwe bokuqala basePortugal naseSpain, lezi zinyoni zafuywa amaNdiya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, hhayi kuphela ukuqonda kwethu evamile izinkukhu.
UNanda akazange anikezwe inyama kuphela kubantu. Amaqanda nezimpaphe zokwenza ubucwebe, zazisebenza njengezinja, zenza umsebenzi wokuqapha futhi, mhlawumbe, nokuzingela nokudoba. Lezi zinyoni zibhukuda kahle, ngisho nemifula ebanzi enomsinga osheshayo ayizethusi.
Isikhathi esithile, inani labantu lalisongelwa ngenxa yokuthandwa kakhulu kwabantu abazingela i-rhea. Kodwa-ke, manje isimo sesingcono, futhi ukuthandwa ngabanikazi bamapulazi ezintshe kuphakeme kakhulu kunezihlobo zabo zase-Afrika.
Indlela yokuphila ye-Rhea intshe kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Intshe yentshe iyaphila eNingizimu Melika, okuyiParaguay, iPeru, iChile, i-Argentina, iBrazil ne-Uruguay. Ungahlangana nohudo lukaDarwin emathafeni aphakeme, le nyoni izwa kahle endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-4000-5000, futhi bakhethe ningizimu yezwekazi elinesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu.
Imvelo yemvelo yalezi zinyoni yizihlathi ezinkulu nezindawo eziphansi zasePatagonia, amathafa amakhulu asezintabeni anemifula emincane. Ngaphandle kweNingizimu Melika, inani elincane labantu be-rhea lihlala eJalimane.
Iphutha lokufuduka kwezintshe kangaka kube yingozi. Ngo-1998, umhlambi wama-rheas, owawunamabhangqa amaningana, weqa epulazini lezintshe enyakatho-mpumalanga yezwe, edolobheni laseLubeck. Lokhu bekungenxa yezindiza ezinamandla ezanele nezindonga eziphansi.
Ngenxa yokwenganyelwa kwabalimi, izinyoni zazikhululekile futhi zazivumelanisa nezimo kalula. Bahlala endaweni engaba yi-150-170 sq. m, futhi isibalo somhlambi sisondela amakhulu amabili. Ukuqashwa njalo kwemfuyo kuqhutshwa kusukela ngo-2008, nokufundelwa indlela yokuziphatha nempilo izintshe ziqubuka ebusika ososayensi abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba beza eJalimane.
Lezi zinyoni zihlala ezimweni zemvelo emihlambini yabantu abangafika kwabangu-30-40, ngesikhathi sokukhwelana umhlambi uhlukaniswe ngamaqembu amancane-imindeni. Abukho ubukhosi obuphezulu obuqinile emiphakathini enjalo.
I-rhea iyinyoni ezanele, futhi indlela yokuphila ehlangene ayisona isidingo, kepha iyisidingo. Uma insimu okuhlala kuyo umhlambi iphephile, khona-ke amaduna amadala ajwayele ukushiya izihlobo zawo ahambe, aqale ukuphila impilo eyedwa.
Izintshe azifuduki, ziphila ngokuhlala phansi, ngaphandle kokungajwayelekile - uma kwenzeka kuqubuka imililo noma ezinye izinhlekelele, izinyoni zifuna izindawo ezintsha. Imvamisa, ikakhulukazi kuma-pampas, imihlambi yezintshe ixubana nemihlambi yamaguanacos, izinyamazane, izinkomo noma izimvu. Ubungane obunjalo busiza ukusinda, ukuthola izitha ngokushesha nokuvikelwa kuzo.
Ukondla intshe
Yini ejwayelekile ekudleni kwezintshe ze-nandu futhi cassowary, ngakho-ke lokhu kungukudla kwabo okukhulu. Ukunikeza okuthandwa ngotshani, izitshalo ezinamakhasi abanzi, izithelo, okusanhlamvu kanye namajikijolo, abasoze badela izinambuzane, ama-arthropod amancane nezinhlanzi.
Bangadla ukudla kwesidumbu nemikhiqizo ye-artiodactyls. Kukholakala ukuthi i-rhea iyakwazi ukuzingela izinyoka, futhi ngendlela ethanjisiwe, ivikela indawo yokuhlala yabantu kuzo. Kepha abukho ubufakazi besayensi ngalokhu.
Yize lezi zinyoni zingababhukudi abahle kakhulu abathanda ukuntywila emanzini futhi babambe izinhlanzi ezimbalwa, zingenza ngaphandle kokuphuza amanzi isikhathi eside impela. Njengezinye izinyoni, izintshe ngezikhathi ezithile zigwinya ama-gastroliths namatshe amancane azisiza ekugayeni ukudla.
Ukuzala kanye nempilo yesifo sentshe
Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, i-rhea ikhombisa isithembu. Umhlambi uhlukaniswe ngamaqembu owesilisa oyedwa nabesifazane abayi-4-7 bese uthatha umhlalaphansi uye endaweni yawo "eyimfihlo". Iqanda lentshe ilingana nenkukhu engaba yishumi nane, futhi igobolondo liqinile kangangokuba lisetshenziselwa ubuciko obuhlukahlukene, obuthengiselwa izivakashi njengezikhumbuzo. Ngokwamarekhodi abacwaningi baseYurophu, ezizweni zamaNdiya, igobolondo lala maqanda lalisetshenziswa njengezitsha.
Abesifazane babeka amaqanda esidlekeni esivamile, ngokuvamile, kusuka kumaqanda ayi-10 kuye kwangama-35 atholakala ku-clutch, kanti owesilisa uyawafukamela. Ukufukamela kuthatha isilinganiso sezinyanga ezimbalwa, sonke lesi sikhathi ukudla i-ostrich rhea lokho izintombi zakhe zimlethela khona. Lapho amatshwele echanyuselwa, ewanakekela, ayondla futhi ahambe. Kodwa-ke, iningi lezingane aliphili unyaka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene, hhayi okungenani ukuzingela.
Yize kungavunyelwe ukuzingela i-rhea emazweni amaningi abahlala kuwo, le mithetho ayibayekisi abazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwabesifazane kwenzeka eminyakeni engu-2.5-3, nakwabesilisa ku-3.5-4. Lezi zinyoni ziphila ngokwesilinganiso sisuka eminyakeni engama-35 kuye kwengama-45, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, ngokungafani nezihlobo zazo zase-Afrika, eziphila kuze kufike ku-70.
Amaqiniso athokozisayo mayelana ne-ostrich rhea
Okhulumayo mayelana ne-rhea yentshe, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungasho ukuthi igama elithakazelisayo lale nyoni livelaphi. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, lezi zinyoni zishintshana ngezikhalo, lapho kuzwakala ngokucacile isivumelanisi se- "rhea", esaba isibongo sabo sokuqala, bese kuba igama lazo elisemthethweni.
Namuhla isayensi iyazi izinhlobo ezimbili zalezi zinyoni ezimangalisayo:
- i-rhea ejwayelekile noma esenyakatho, igama lesayensi - Rhea americana;
- URhea omncane noma uDarwin, igama lesayensi - Rhea pennata.
Ngokuya ngezigaba zezilwane, i-rhea, njengama-cassowaries, nama-emus akuzona izintshe. Lezi zinyoni zabelwa ngokulandelana - i-rhea ngo-1884, kwathi ngo-1849 kwachazwa umndeni we-rhea, wakhawulwa ngezinhlobo ezimbili zezintshe zaseNingizimu Melika.
Imivubukulo emidala kunayo yonke, ekhumbuza i-rhea yesimanje, ineminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-68 ubudala, okungukuthi, kunesizathu sokukholwa ukuthi izinyoni ezinjalo zazihlala emhlabeni ePaleocene futhi zabona ama-dinosaurs.
