Ezinye izidalwa abantu bajwayele ukucabanga ngokuhle, okuhle futhi okuphephile kubo. Isibonelo, izimvemvane. Ukukhulunywa ngabo kuvusa isithombe esihle somoya ekhanda, ulwandle lwezimbali futhi yibo abashayayo esiswini sabathandi. Kepha, azikho izidalwa zothando kakhulu phakathi kwazo, njenge uvemvane ikhanda elifile.
Incazelo nokubukeka kovemvane ekhanda elifile
Le nhlobo ingeyomndeni wama-hawk amabhu. Abantu abakhulu, abanamaphiko afinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-13. Lesi ngesinye sezimvemvane ezinkulu eRussia naseYurophu. Iphiko langaphambili linobude obungu-40-50 mm. (kufika ku-70 mm.). Amaphiko wabesilisa mancane uma eqhathaniswa nawabesifazane.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-dimorphism yezocansi ayivezwa kahle. Izibikezelo zincane, zikhonjisiwe, zinomugqa ongaphandle. Izinsimbi ezinamaphiko amafushane zimfushane, ziphindwe izikhathi eziyi-1.5 kunebanzi, zishintshelwe ebangeni elingasemuva futhi zinokucindezeleka okuncane.
Izimpiko zinemibala ehlukile, futhi iphethini nokuqina kombala kuhlukile. Imvamisa, imikhakha emithathu ehlukene ingahlukaniswa ezimpikweni zangaphambili, kanti ezangemuva ikakhulukazi ziphuzi.
Isisindo ikhanda elifile uklebe uvemvane 2 kuya ku-8 amagremu. Abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa. Ikhanda lazo licishe libe mnyama noma linamabala ansundu. Isifuba simnyama ngephethini enombala wesihlabathi. Iphethini ingahluka.
Kuchaza ikhanda elifile kovemvane lifile, kufanele nakanjani kuthiwe lo mdwebo uvame kakhulu ukufana nomfanekiso wogebhezi olunamathambo. Yilo mbala owaba yisizathu sokubiza le Lepidoptera kanjalo.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zinemibala ehluke kancane, kepha uhlaka logebhezi luvame kakhulu lapho, olubonakala ngokusobala isithombe senhloko efile uvemvane... Isisu sifinyelela ku-6 cm ubude, cishe ngo-2 cm ububanzi.
Uvemvane lwathola igama lalo emdwebweni ofana nohlaka logebhezi.
Kwabesilisa, ukuphela kwayo kukhonjisiwe, kwabesifazane kuhlanganiswe kakhulu. Isifuba nesisu kumnyama okotshani. Izingxenye zokugcina ezi-2-3 kwabesilisa zimnyama bhuqe, kwabesifazane ingxenye eyodwa imnyama. Amehlo awanalutho, ayindilinga. I-proboscis yalesi uvemvane iminyene, icishe ibe ngu-14 mm ubude. Izimpondo nazo zifushane, imilenze imifushane futhi iyajiya.
Indawo Engasekho
Indawo indawo efilemvane ikhanda elifile kuya ngesizini, njengoba kunguhlobo lokufuduka. Ikhanda lokufa lihlala ezifundeni eziseningizimu kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba. Izwe lakubo libhekwa njengeNyakatho Afrika, futhi inani lamanje labantu ligcwaliswa ngezikhathi ezithile ngabantu abafuduka ezifundeni eziseningizimu.
Izimvemvane ezifudukayo zingafinyelela ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-50 km / h. Ububanzi bomhlaba wonke buhlanganisa i-Afrika nentshonalanga yePalaearctic. Uvemvane luvame kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo ze-Old World, empumalanga kuya eTurkmenistan. Izimpukane zingena eMiddle Urals naseNyakatho-mpumalanga yeKazakhstan.
Uhlala e-Southern and Central Europe, Middle East, Syria, Iran, Turkey, Madagascar. Akuvamile ukutholakala eNhlonhlweni yaseCrimea, e-Abkhazia, e-Armenia, eGeorgia. Lezi zinhlobo zitholakale ezifundeni eziningi zezwe lethu: iVolgograd, iSaratov, iPenza, iMoscow, iKrasnodar Territory neNorth Caucasus, lapho zivame ukutholakala khona ezifundeni ezisezintabeni.
Indawo yovemvane ihlukahlukene, kepha imvamisa ikhetha ukuhlala eduze kwamasimu alinyiwe, amasimu, ezigodini. Ikhetha izindawo ezifudunyezwa yilanga.
Indlela yokuphila yovemvane ekhanda efile
Ikhanda Elifile - Uvemvane Ebusuku... Uphumula emini, kuthi lapho kuqala ukuhwalala, aye ekuzingeleni. Kuze kube phakathi kwamabili, lezi zimvemvane ezinkulu zingabonakala ezindaweni ezikhanyisiwe, zihehwa ukukhanya okuvela ezigxotsheni nasezibanini. Kwesinye isikhathi ungabona imidanso yokuhlangana kwezimvemvane ezindala, lapho zizungeza kahle ezithungwini ezihlukene zokukhanya okukhanyayo.
Ikhanda elifile le-Butterfly lingenza imisindo
Ngaphezu kokubukeka kwayo okusabisayo, le Lepidoptera ingakhipha ukukhala okuphezulu. Akucaci ngokuphelele ukuthi bakwenza kanjani lokhu. Cishe umsindo uphuma esiswini. Akukho ukulungiswa kwangaphandle okutholakele. Kunoma ikusiphi isimo - kungaba yisiphungumangathi, isibungu, noma uvemvane oludala - ikhanda elifile lingakhwifa. Amazwi nawo ahlukile eminyakeni ehlukene.
Esigabeni sesibungu, inundu ye-hawk ayivamile ukufika ebusweni; ichitha isikhathi esiningi ingaphansi komhlaba. Kwesinye isikhathi isibungu asiphumi ngisho naphansi ngokuphelele emhlabathini, kepha sikhipha kuphela ingxenye yomzimba, sifinyelele endaweni eluhlaza eseduze, sidle futhi sicashe emuva. Isibungu sihlala ekujuleni kwamasentimitha angama-40. Kulesi simo, sichitha cishe izinyanga ezimbili, bese kuba ama-pupates.
Esithombeni, isibungu sevemvane yinhloko efile
Ukondla ikhanda elifile
Esinye sezizathu esenza abantu bangayithandi inundu ye-hawk ukuthi amacimbi adla iziqongo zezitshalo ezitshaliwe. Bathanda kakhulu ama-nightshades (ngokwesibonelo, amazambane, utamatisi, isitshalo seqanda, i-physalis).
Ziphinda zidle eziqongweni zikherothi, ama-beet, i-turnips nezinye izitshalo eziyimpande. Izibungu nazo zidla amagxolo nezinye izitshalo ezibulala amakhambi. Ngesikhathi sokuhluma kwezihlahlana ezingadini, zibangela ukulimala okukhulu ngokudla amahlamvu amancane.
Izimvemvane nazo ziyabonakala othandweni olukhethekile lwamaswidi - zivame ukuvakashela izindawo zezidleke zezinyosi, lapho zikhuphukela khona ngqo ezindlekweni. Ukuvimbela izinyosi ekuhlaseleni uvemvane, ifihla izinto ezikhethekile ezingakhapheli umuntu ezingamazi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kucatshangwa ukuthi iphethini lomzimba likhumbuza izinyosi ngendlovukazi yazo, ngakho-ke aziphazamisi ukubonakala kwamabhungane emakhaya abo. Uvemvane lufaka ama-proboscis alo aminyene ekhekheni lezinyosi futhi lumunce cishe u-10 amagremu oju ngesikhathi.
Yebo, uma isela selivele lilunyiwe, uzinwele oluminyene luzomvikela ekulunyweni. Abafuyi bezinyosi bafunde ukuvikela isifuba ngokufaka i-mesh enezikhala ezincane ezizungezile. Izinyosi kanye nama-drones adlula kalula emigodini, futhi amabhu akhuluphele kakhulu awakwazi ukungena esidlekeni.
Izimvemvane nazo zondla umpe wezimbali, ubisi lwezihlahla, amajikijolo nezithelo. Abakwazi ukuluma ngezithelo eziningi, futhi badle kuphela lezo esezonakele futhi okugeleza kuwo uketshezi. Ngesikhathi sokudla kwakusihlwa, uvemvane lwekhanda olufile alulengeki emoyeni, kepha luhlala eceleni "kwepuleti", ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zamabhu oklebe.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha nobude bempilo uvemvane lwekhanda olufile
Iqiniso elithandekayo ngekhanda levemvane ngukuthi isizukulwane sesibili sabesifazane siyinyumba, futhi kuphela igagasi elisha labafuduki elingagcwalisa inani labantu. Amabhu azala izingane ezimbili ngonyaka. Uma unyaka ufudumele, khona-ke owesithathu angakhonjiswa. Kepha, uma ekwindla kubanda, ezinye izibungu azinaso isikhathi sokufunda nokufa.
Abesifazane baheha abesilisa ngama-pheromones, ukukhwelana nokubeka amaqanda kuyenzeka. Amaqanda alezi zimvemvane anombala oluhlaza okotshani noma oluhlaza, u-1.2-1.5 mm ngosayizi. Uvemvane lwabo lunamathela ngaphansi kwamaqabunga okudla, uwafihle kuma-axils aphakathi kweqabunga nesiqu.
Esithombeni, isibungu uvemvane yinhloko efile
Amacimbi makhulu, anezimbhangqa ezinhlanu zemilenze. I-instar yokuqala ifinyelela kubude obungu-1 cm, bese isibungu sikhula size sifike ku-15 cm futhi sinesisindo esingu-20-22 amagremu. Umbala wamacimbi uhlukile, kepha imvamisa onke mahle kakhulu. Ngokudlulela esigabeni se-pupal, isibungu sizohlala ngaphansi komhlaba cishe izinyanga ezimbili. Futhi ukuze uphenduke uvemvane, isiphungumangathi sizothatha cishe inyanga.
Ngeshwa, enhle uvemvane ikhanda elifile zizungezwe ezinye izinganekwane nezinsumansumane, eziyinqaba incazeloezingamniki udumo. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi uma loluvemvane luvela eduze kwakho, khona-ke othandekayo uzofa, futhi ukuze kuvinjelwe lokhu, bekudingeka ukubhubhisa ububi. Isikali samaphiko naso sasiyingozi, esasincisha umuntu ukubona, futhi sasolwa nangokusabalala kwezifo ezimbi.
Manje zonke lezi zinkolelo sezedlule, futhi emazweni amaningi uvemvane lubhalwe kuRed Book. Isikhathi sempilo sincike ezakhamzimba eziqoqwe yisibungu, imvamisa ikhanda lomuntu omdala elifile liphila kusuka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuye enyangeni.
