Mhlawumbe igama elithi "Incwadi Ebomvu" laziwa ngabantu abaningi. Le ngenye yezincwadi ezibaluleke kakhulu ongafunda ngayo ngezilwane ezisengozini.
Ngeshwa, kunenqwaba yazo, futhi azinciphi. Amavolontiya, abasebenzi be-zoo, izazi zezilwane bazama ukusindisa izilwane ekuqothulweni, kodwa konke kungabhujiswa ukungazi kwabantu abahlala khona.
Isibonelo, izinyoka nokwesaba okungenangqondo. Vele, akuzona zonke eziyingozi kubantu, kepha isifiso sokungazi lutho kweningi (ukubhubhisa isilwane esihuquzelayo) sidlala indima embi emizameni yokugcina inani lezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezingandile. Kungakho kubaluleke kangaka ukwazi - yiziphi izinyoka ezibalwe eNcwadini Ebomvu.
I-Western boa constrictor (Eryx jaculus). Ikhula ize ifike kumasentimitha angama-87. Unokwakheka okuwugqinsi nomsila omfishane kakhulu onokuphela okuhlabayo. Ukudla kubuswa yizibankwa, amakhanda ayindilinga, amagundane, izinambuzane ezinkulu. Kunemilenze emincane eyisidleke yangemuva. Ingatholakala endaweni yeNhlonhlo yaseBalkan, eSouth Kalmykia, eMpumalanga yeTurkey.
Esithombeni kunenyoka ye-boa yasentshonalanga
Inyoka yaseJapan (Euprepiophis conspicillata). Ingafinyelela ku-80 cm, okuwela cishe emsileni okungu-16 cm.Inomfundi oyindilinga. Ukudla kubuswa amagundane, izinyoni ezincane kanye namaqanda azo. Ihlala endaweni yeKuril Nature Reserve (Isiqhingi saseKunashir), kanye naseJapan ezifundeni zaseHokkaido naseHonshu. Kuncane okufundwe.
Esithombeni inyoka yaseJapan
Inyoka ye-Aesculapian (Zamenis longissimus) noma inyoka ye-Aesculapian. Isilinganiso sobude oburekhodiwe ngu-2.3 m. Lokhu kunolaka kakhulu inyoka efakwe ohlwini lweRed Book, kungaba yi-grey-cream, tan noma umnqumo ongcolile.
Lezi zinhlobo zaziwa ngokuzalwa okuvamile kwama-albino. Ukudla ikakhulu kufaka amatshwele, amagundane, ama-shrews, izinyoni zezingoma ezincane namaqanda azo. Inqubo yokugaya ingathatha izinsuku ezine. Uhlala kule ndawo: Georgia, izingxenye eziseningizimu yeMoldova, iKrasnodar Territory iye e-Adygea, e-Azerbaijan.
Esithombeni sezinyoka ze-Aesculapius
Inyoka yaseTranscaucasian (Zamenis hohenackeri). Ikhula ize ibe ngamasentimitha angama-95. Umfundi uyindilinga. Iphakela okwezikebhe, ukukhama amachwane noma izibankwa ngamasongo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhuphuka ezihlahleni ngokuzithandela. Ithuba lokwenza iklatshi liza ngemuva konyaka wesithathu wokuphila. Ihlala endaweni yaseChechnya, e-Armenia, eGeorgia, eNyakatho Ossetia, ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho ze-Iran nase-Asia Minor.
Inyoka yenyoka
Inyoka ekhuphukayo yomsila (i-Orthriophis taeniurus). Olunye uhlobo lwe-non-poison Izinyoka ezibomvu... Ifinyelela kuma-cm 195. Ithanda amagundane nezinyoni. Kukhona ama-subspecies amaningana ezinyoka, enye yazo, ngenxa yemvelo yayo enokuthula nemibala emihle, evame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezizimele. Uhlala endaweni Primorsky Krai. Itholakala njalo eKorea, Japan, China.
Esithombeni kunenyoka ekhuphukayo enomsila omncane
Inyoka enezintambo (Hierophis spinalis). Ubude bungafinyelela kuma-cm ayi-86. Ludla izibankwa. Ifana kakhulu nenyoka enobuthi ehlala endaweni efanayo. Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi inyoka engenabungozi ine-streak elula egijima isuka esihlokweni iye ekugcineni kwomsila. Uhlala engxenyeni eseningizimu yeKazakhstan, eMongolia naseChina. Kuchazwa amacala emihlangano eduze kwaseKhabarovsk.
Esithombeni kunenyoka enemigqa
I-dinodon yebhande elibomvu (iDinodon rufozonatum). Isilinganiso sobude oburekhodiwe singamasentimitha ayi-170. Sidla ezinye izinyoka, izinyoni, izibankwa, amaxoxo nezinhlanzi. Lokhu kushesha okuhle inyoka yeRed Book yaseRussia uhlala endaweni yaseKorea, iLaos, empumalanga yeChina, iziqhingi zaseTsushima naseTaiwan. Yaqala ukubanjwa endaweni yezwe lethu ngo-1989. Kuncane okufundwe.
Esithombeni kunenyoka yedynodon yebhande elibomvu
I-dynodon yaseMpumalanga (iDinodon orientale). Ifinyelela imitha elilodwa. Idla amagundane, izibankwa, amatshwele ebusuku. Ihlala eJapan, lapho ibizwa khona ngokuthi inyoka engamanga ngenxa yendlela yayo yokwesaba neyokuhlwa. Ukuba khona endaweni yaseRussia (iShikotan Island) kuyangabazeka - umhlangano wachazwa kudala. Kungenzeka ukuthi le nyoka isivele ingeyezinhlobo ezingasekho.
I-dynodon esempumalanga
Inyoka yekati (Telescopus fallax). Kungaba yimitha elilodwa ubude. Idla amagundane, izinyoni, izibankwa. Ihlala endaweni yaseDagestan, Georgia, Armenia, lapho yaziwa khona kangcono njengenyoka yasendlini. Kutholakala naseSyria, eBosnia naseHerzegovina, kwa-Israyeli, eNhlonhlweni yaseBalkan.
Inyoka yekati ikhuphuka kalula emadwaleni amakhulu, ezihlahleni, ezihlahleni nasezindongeni. Ubambelela ezigoqweni zomzimba wakhe ngokungajwayelekile okungatheni, ngaleyo ndlela, ebambelela ezingxenyeni eziphakeme, mhlawumbe kulapho igama lakhe lavela khona.
Esithombeni inyoka yekati
Inyoka kaDinnik (iVipera dinniki). Kuyingozi kubantu. Ifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-55. Umbala onsundu, ulamula ophuzi, umbala osawolintshi okhanyayo, okumpunga ngokuluhlaza okotshani, onomugqa omnyama noma omnyama ozombezombe.
Lezi zinhlobo ziyathakazelisa ngokuba khona kwama-melanists aphelele, azalwa ngombala ojwayelekile, futhi abe mnyama velvety kuphela ngonyaka wesithathu. Iphila ngamagundane amancane kanye nezibankwa. Uhlala endaweni yase-Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ingushetia, Chechnya, lapho kubhekwa njengenye yezinto ezinobuthi kakhulu.
Esithombeni inyoka kaDinnik
Inyoka kaKaznakov (iVipera kaznakovi) noma inyoka yaseCaucasus. Enye yezinyoka ezinhle kakhulu eRussia. Abesifazane bafinyelela ku-60 cm ubude, abesilisa - cm 48. Ekudleni kwezinyoni, amagundane amancane. Zitholakala eKrasnodar Territory, e-Abkhazia, eGeorgia, eTurkey.
UViper Kaznakova (inyoka yaseCaucasus)
Inyoka kaNikolsky (iVipera nikolskii), i-Forest-steppe noma inyoka emnyama. Ingafinyelela ku-78 cm ubude. Imenyu iqukethe amaxoxo, izibankwa, kwesinye isikhathi izinhlanzi noma izidumbu. Ihlala endaweni yezifunda ezingamahlathi kuyo yonke ingxenye yaseYurophu yeRussian Federation. Kuchazwa imihlangano esendaweni engaphansi kwezintaba ze-Urals Ephakathi.
Inyoka kaNikolsky (Inyoka emnyama)
Inyoka yeLevantine (Macrovipera lebetina) noma igyurza. Kuyingozi enkulu kubantu. Kunezinhlobo ezaziwayo ezinesilinganiso sobude obungu-2 m nesisindo esifinyelela ku-3 kg. Umbala uncike endaweni yokuhlala futhi kungenzeka njengombala oqinile omnyama futhi onsundu ngokumpunga, ngephethini eyinkimbinkimbi yamamaki amancane, kwesinye isikhathi anombala onsomi.
Idla izinyoni, amagundane, izinyoka, izibankwa. Ekudleni kwabantu abadala, kunezidlwane ezincane, izimfudu ezincane.Ihlala ezindaweni: Israel, Turkey, Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Syria, Central Asia.
Iqothulwe ngokuphelele eKazakhstan. Ngenxa yokubekezela kwayo nokungathobeki, bekuvame kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo ezisetshenziswa ezinkulisa zezinyoka ukusenga. Ubuthi obuyingqayizivele be-gyurza busize ekwakheni ikhambi le-hemophilia.
Esithombeni, inyoka eyiLevant (gyurza)
Amagama nezincazelo zezinyoka ezisohlwini lweRed Book yaseRussiakufanelekile ukutadisha hhayi kuphela esigabeni se-biology. Ngemuva kwakho konke, yize ezinye zazo zinobuthi, ezinye zibhujiswa nje ngoba zibukeka njengezinyoka.
