Izici nendawo yokuhlala yamaholothuri
IHolothuria Isilwane esingajwayelekile esibonakala sifana nesitshalo. Lesi silwane singaphansi kwesigaba sama-invertebrate, uhlobo lwama-echinoderms. Lezi "amasoseji olwandle", futhi yindlela ababukeka ngayo, banamagama amaningi - ikhukhamba lasolwandle, i-trepang, i-sea ginseng.
Isigaba seHolothurian ihlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi, okungukuthi - 1150. Uhlobo ngalunye lwehlukile kwabanye abamele lesi sigaba ngezindlela eziningi. Ngakho-ke konke Izinhlobo zasekhukhamba zasolwandle ahlanganiswe aba yizinhlobo ezi-6. Imibandela ebhekwe lapho kuhlukaniswa yilezi ezilandelayo: izici zokwakheka, zangaphandle nezofuzo. Ngakho-ke, ake sijwayelane nezinhlobo zamakhukhamba asolwandle:
1. Amakhukhamba olwandle angenamlenze awanayo imilenze yama-ambulensi. Ngokungafani nezinye izihlobo zabo, bakubekezelela ngokuphelele ukususwa kwamanzi emanzini, okuthinte indawo yokuhlala. Inani elikhulu elingenamlenze lingatholakala emaxhaphozini omhlume eRas Mohamed Nature Reserve.
2. Amakhukhamba olwandle anezinyawo ezinezinyawo afakelwe imilenze ye-ambulensi emaceleni. Banikeza ukuthanda impilo ekujuleni okukhulu.
3. Ukhukhamba wasolwandle omise okomgqomo. Isimo somzimba wabo siyi-fusiform. Kunjalo uhlobo lwamakhukhamba olwandle ivumelaniswe nokuphila emhlabathini.
4. Amakhukhamba asolwandle ase-arboreal ajwayelekile kakhulu. Lolu hlobo lubandakanya ukhukhamba wasendulo olwandle.
5. Izindwangu zamadlala wegilo zinetende elifushane elingafihli emzimbeni.
6. Ama-Dactylochirotids ahlanganisa ama-trepangs anezintambo ezi-8 kuye kwezingu-30.
IHolothuria ulwandle, ngenxa yokwehluka kwayo nokukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nanoma iyiphi indawo yokuhlala, itholakala cishe kuzo zonke izilwandle. Okuwukuphela kokuhlukile yizilwandle zaseCaspian naseBaltic.
Ububanzi bolwandle nabo bukhulu empilweni yabo. Iqoqo elikhulu kakhulu ikhukhamba lasolwandle lamaholothuri emanzini asezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezifudumele. Lawa ukhukhamba angahlala emanzini angajulile nasendaweni ejulile yolwandle. Isiphephelo sabo esikhulu yimifula yamakhorali nenhlabathi enamadwala egcwele ingca.
Umzimba walabahlali abangaphansi kwamanzi ubumbene, mhlawumbe ngenxa yalesi sizathu babizwa ngokuthi ukhukhamba wasolwandle. Isikhumba simbi futhi sishwabene. Yonke imisipha yathuthukiswa kahle. Kukhona umlomo kolunye uhlangothi lwesifuba, kanye ne-anus kolunye. Amathente atholakala azungeze umlomo.
Ngosizo lwabo, i-sea ginseng ibamba ukudla ikuthumele emlonyeni. Zigwinya ukudla ngokuphelele, ngoba azinawo amazinyo. Imvelo ayinikezi lezi zilo ubuchopho, futhi uhlelo lwezinzwa luyizinzwa ezimbalwa ezixhunywe enqwabeni.
Ikhukhamba lolwandle laseHolothuria
Isici esihlukile ulwandle ukhukhamba ulwandle ginseng uhlelo lwabo lwe-hydraulic. Amaphaphu asemanzini alezi zilwane ezingavamile avuleka phambi kwe-anus angene ku-cloaca, okungajwayelekile ngokuphelele kwezinye izinto eziphilayo.
Umbala walezi zilwane ukhanya impela. Ziza ngombala omnyama, obomvu, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noluhlaza okotshani. Umbala wesikhumba kuya ngokuthi ukuphi ikhukhamba lasolwandle liyaphila... Umbala wabo uvame ukuhlanganiswa ngokuvumelanayo nohlelo lombala lwendawo engaphansi kwamanzi. Ubukhulu bezinhlobo "zezikelemu ezingaphansi kwamanzi" abanayo imingcele ecacile. Zingaba kusuka ku-5 mm ziye ku-5 m.
Imvelo nendlela yokuphila kukhukhamba wasolwandle
Indlela yokuphila kaHolothurian - ayisebenzi. Azijahile, futhi zihamba kancane kunezimfudu. Zihamba zigudle ulwandle ezinhlangothini zazo, ngoba kulapho imilenze yazo ikhona khona.
Esithombeni, ulwandle ikhukhamba ulwandle ginseng
Ungabheka indlela engajwayelekile enjalo yokuhamba isithombe samakhukhamba asolwandle... Ngesikhathi sokuhamba okunjalo, bathatha izinhlayiya ezidliwayo zezinto eziphilayo kusuka phansi ngosizo lwe-tentacles.
Bazizwa kahle ekujuleni okukhulu. Ngakho-ke ekujuleni kwamakhilomitha ayi-8, i-sea ginseng izibheka njengomnikazi ogcwele, futhi lokhu akuyona ingozi. Bakha ama-90% abo bonke abantu abahlala phansi ekujuleni okukhulu.
Kepha nalaba "banikazi abaphansi" banezitha zabo. AmaHolothurians kufanele azivikele ezinhlanzini, ku-starfish, kuma-crustaceans nakwezinye izinhlobo zama-molluscs. Ukuze kuvikelwe, ukhukhamba wasolwandle usebenzisa "isikhali esikhethekile". Uma kunengozi, zingavumelana ziphonse izitho zangaphakathi emanzini.
Njengomthetho, lawa ngamathumbu nezitho zangasese. Ngakho-ke, isitha silahlekile noma sidla leli "ballast eliwisiwe", kanti ingxenye engaphambili yekhukhamba, yona, iphunyuka enkundleni yempi. Zonke izitho zomzimba ezingekho ziyabuyiselwa emasontweni ayi-1.5-5 kanti ikhukhamba lasolwandle liyaqhubeka nokuphila njengakuqala.
Ezinye izinhlobo zivikelwe ngendlela ehluke kancane. Ngesikhathi sokulwa nesitha, bakhiqiza ama-enzyme anobuthi anobuthi obubulalayo ezinhlanzi eziningi.
Kubantu, le nto ayiyona ingozi, inqobo nje uma ingangeni emehlweni. Abantu bajwayele ukusebenzisa le nto ngezinhloso zabo: ukudoba nokuxosha oshaka.
Ngaphezu kwezitha, i-sea ginseng inabangane. Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-27 zezinhlanzi zomndeni we-carapace zisebenzisa ama-holothurians njengekhaya. Bahlala ngaphakathi kwalezi zilwane ezingavamile, bazisebenzise njengendawo yokukhosela uma kunengozi.
Kwesinye isikhathi lezi "zinhlanzi zekhukhamba" zidla izitho zokuzala nokuphefumula zamakhukhamba asolwandle, kepha ngenxa yekhono labo lokuzivuselela, lokhu akubangeli monakalo omkhulu "kubanikazi".
IHolothuria iyadliwa ungabheki kuphela izakhamuzi zasemanzini, kodwa futhi nabantu. I-Trepangi isetshenziselwa ukulungisa izibiliboco, kanye nasekhemisi. Azinambitheki kepha ziphilile kakhulu.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi uma ufaka ikhukhamba lasolwandle ngaphezulu, kufanele ulifafaze ngosawoti ukuze wenze kube nzima. Ngaphandle kwalokho, lapho ixhumana nomoya, i-shellfish izothamba futhi ifane ne-jelly.
Ukudla okunomsoco waseHolothurian
Ukhukhamba wasolwandle kubhekwa njengokuhleleka kolwandle nolwandle. Zondla izinsalela zezilwane ezifile. Umlomo wazo uphakanyiswa njalo ukuze ubambe ukudla ngosizo lwama-tentacles.
Inani lamatende liyahlukahluka kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane. Isibalo sabo esiphezulu ngama-30, futhi bonke bafuna ukudla njalo. Ukuqina ngakunye kukhukhamba wasolwandle kuyakhotha ngokuhlukile.
Ezinye izinhlobo zondla ulwelwe, ezinye izidalwa eziphilayo kanye nezilwane ezincane. Bafana nezihlanza, ziqoqa ukudla okuxutshwe nodaka nesihlabathi kusuka phansi. Amathumbu alezi zilwane aguqulelwa ukukhetha izakhi zomzimba kuphela, futhi athumele konke okungadingekile emuva.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila samakhukhamba asolwandle
AmaHolothurians abonakala ngezindlela ezi-2 zokukhiqiza kabusha: ezocansi kanye ne-asexual. Ngesikhathi sokuzala ngokocansi, insikazi ikhiphela amaqanda emanzini. Lapha, ngaphandle, kuvundiswa amaqanda.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, izibungu zizovela emaqandeni. Ekukhuleni kwabo, lezi zingane zidlula ezigabeni ezintathu: idipleurula, auricularia nedololaria. Ngenyanga yokuqala yokuphila kwabo, izibungu zondla kuphela ulwelwe lwe-unicellular.
Inketho yesibili yokuzalanisa ukuzikhiqiza kabusha. Kulokhu, ama-holothurians, njengezitshalo, ahlukaniswe izingxenye eziningana. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abantu abasha bayakhula kusuka kulezi zingxenye. Lezi zidalwa ezingavamile zingaphila kusuka eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyishumi.
