Amagundane asensimini ayizinambuzane ezincane futhi eziyingozi
Amagundane akuvamile ukuthi kukhulunywe ngawo ngenhlonipho. Imvamisa bachazwa njengamagundane ampofu, anamahloni, kepha ayingozi kakhulu. Igundane vole - lokhu akunjalo.
Lesi silwane esincane singonakalisa kakhulu isivuno esivandeni, futhi sidle imbobo phansi ekhaya. Ukwahlulela ngokuthi photo, amanzi ngaphandle ifana namagundane ajwayelekile namagundane. Ngasikhathi sinye, isifonyo sabantu abahlala emasimini sincane, nezindlebe nomsila kufushane.
Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo i-vole
Izilwane ngokwazo zingezomndeni omkhulu wamagundane nomndeni omncane wama-hamsters. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-140 zamagundane asensimini. Cishe zonke zinokwehluka kwazo, kepha kukhona nezici ezijwayelekile:
- usayizi omncane (ubude bomzimba kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-7);
- umsila omfushane (kusuka kumasentimitha ama-2);
- isisindo esincane (kusuka ku-15 g);
- Amazinyo ayi-16 angenazimpande (kuzokhula entsha esikhundleni sezinyo elilahlekile).
Ngasikhathi sinye, izimpande zatholwa kumagundane ezinsalela, kepha ngesikhathi sokuvela, izilwane zasendle zalahleka. Ummeleli ojwayelekile uyabhekwa vole evamile... Yigundane elincane (kuze kube ngamasentimitha ayi-14) elinomhlane onsundu futhi nesisu esimpunga. Uhlala eduze kwamaxhaphozi, imifula nezimfunda. Ebusika, uncamela ukuthuthela emizini yabantu.
Ezinye izinhlobo zamagundane asendle zihlala ngaphansi komhlaba (ngokwesibonelo, imvukuzane vole). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-muskrats angama-semi-aquatic. Kulokhu, kuvame ukutholakala abamele umhlaba. Isibonelo, phakathi kwamagundane asehlathini, okuthandwa kakhulu yilawa:
- i-red-backed vole;
- igundane lensimu elibomvu nelimpunga;
- ibhange vole.
Zonke lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zihlukaniswa ukuhamba kwazo, zingagibela izihlahla nezihlahla ezincane.Ku-tundra, ungakwazi "ukujwayelana" no-lemming and lemming, nakho okungokwalolu hlobo lomndeni.
Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-20 zamagundane asendle zihlala eRussia. Zonke zincane ngosayizi. Izakhamizi zaseMongolia, eMpumalanga yeChina, eKorea naseMpumalanga Ekude zazingenayo inhlanhla. Kulimaza umnotho wabo vole enkulu.
Esithombeni kunendawo enkulu
Le gundane elinsundu ngokumpunga lifinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-17 ngosayizi. Umsila wayo ukhula ube ngamasentimitha angu-7.5. Ungahlangana negundane elikhulu emaxhaphozini, eduze nemifula nasezindlini zokuhlala.
Ngokuvamile, singasho ukuthi izilwane zasendle zihlala cishe yonke indawo ngaphandle kwezindawo ezishisayo. Yiqiniso, abakujabuleli ukuhlonishwa nokuhlonishwa noma kuphi. Yize ezikhathini zasendulo kwakukholakala ukuthi uma igundane lingena endlini - lena yindlu "enhle", enempumelelo. Futhi uma izilwane zibaleka endlini, abaninizo babelindela inkinga.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yale vole
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izinambuzane ezincane azikuthandi ukuba wedwa. Bahlala emakoloni amakhulu emigodini engajulile. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, amagundane ayazesaba izidalwa ezinjenge-ferret, impungushe, isikhova nemarten. Emakhaya abo, ikati liba yisitha sabo esikhulu.
Esithombeni, igundane liyindawo ebomvu
Amagundane alungiselela kusengaphambili isimo sezulu esibandayo. Amagundane asensimini awafihli ubuthongo futhi ahola indlela yokuphila esebenzayo unyaka wonke. Ama-voles ebusika ondle kokuphakelayo okuvela kumakhekhe abo Kungaba yimbewu, okusanhlamvu, amantongomane. Imvamisa, izilwane azinakho okwanele ukuzilungiselela, yingakho zigijimela ezindlini zabantu.
Kodwa-ke, abangeni njalo ngengozi endlini. Kwesinye isikhathi amagundane akhuliswa njengezilwane ezihlobisa. Vole yezilwane ingahlala ehhokweni elincane nge-trellis yensimbi egcwele i-sawdust.
Imvamisa kuba nabesifazane aba-2-3 kowesilisa ngamunye. Ebusika, kunconywa ukuthi amagundane adluliselwe emakhejini amakhulu futhi ashiywe emakamelweni angashisi.
Ochwepheshe batusa ukukhombisa isilwane kudokotela wezilwane ngezikhathi ezithile; amagundane asensimini avame ukuthwala izifo ezithathelwanayo (kufaka phakathi i-tularemia ne-hemorrhagic fever).
Esithombeni kukhona i-vole yasebhange
Futhi, la magundane asetshenziselwa izinhloso zesayensi. Ukuhlolwa kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokwelashwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngokubomvu futhi i-steppe vole... Uma amagundane "engekho emthethweni" efulethini, kufanele uxhumane nesiteshi se-sanitary kanye ne-epidemiological. Ama-Voles akhiqiza ngokuzikhandla futhi angalimaza kakhulu impahla.
Ukudla
Kubanikazi besilwane esingavamile njengoku vole igundane kufanele wazi ukuthi isilwane sakho sidinga ukudla okunomsoco. Ukudla kwansuku zonke kufanele kufake:
- imifino;
- ukolweni;
- i-cottage shizi;
- inyama;
- amaqanda;
- amanzi ahlanzekile amasha.
Okwalabo abaphupha kuphela thenga i-vole, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi lawa amagundane anamandla kakhulu, akwazi ukudla ukudla okuningi kunesisindo sawo ngosuku.
Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi amagundane asensimini ayingqayizivele emvelweni. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akulona iqiniso impela. "Imenyu" incike ngqo endaweni yokuhlala. Isibonelo, izilwane ezingama-steppe zidla utshani nezimpande zezitshalo. Edlelweni, amagundane akhetha iziqu ezinamanzi nazo zonke izinhlobo zamajikijolo. Ama-voles asehlathini kudla amahlumela amasha kanye namafihlekile, amakhowe, amajikijolo namantongomane.
Cishe zonke izinhlobo zamagundane ngeke zizinikele izinambuzane ezincane kanye nezibungu. Amanzi vole, ngezizathu ezingaziwa, uthanda amazambane nemifino yezimpande. Ngokuvamile, imifino nezithelo ezivela ezingadini zemifino kungukudla okuyintandokazi cishe kwawo wonke amagundane asensimini.
Amagundane ngobuningi bawo angadala umonakalo ongalungiseki epulazini. Emafulethini nasemizini, amagundane adla konke angakweba: isinkwa, utshani, ushizi, isoseji, imifino.
Okufanekisiwe yivolge yamanzi
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Lokhu akusho ukuthi lezi yizidalwa eziyingozi ngokukhethekile. Ngokwemvelo, ziyisixhumanisi esibalulekile ochungechungeni lokudla. Ngaphandle kwamagundane, izilwane eziningi ezidlayo, kufaka phakathi ama-martens nezimpungushe, bezingafa yindlala.
Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukungavumeli ama-voes asendle eduze kwezindlu. Angamagundane azala kakhulu. Emvelweni wemvelo, owesifazane angaletha kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-7 litters ngonyaka owodwa. Futhi ngalinye lizoba namagundane amancane angama-4-6. Ezimweni zokushisa okushisayo, izilwane zizala ngokwengeziwe ngokwengeziwe.
Ukukhulelwa uqobo akuhlali ngaphezu kwenyanga. Amagundane azimela emasontweni angama-1-3. Othunjiwe ama-voles ampunga uvuthwe ngokocansi eneminyaka engu-2-3 izinyanga. Izilwane ezifuywayo - ngaphambili kancane.
Okufanekisiwe i-vole empunga
Iminyaka yala magundane ihlala isikhathi esifushane, futhi kuyaqabukela ukuthi igundane lisinde lize libe neminyaka emibili. Kodwa-ke, ngalesi sikhathi esifushane, vole ingazala cishe amawundlu ayikhulu. Lokho wukuthi, umhlambi wegundane elilodwa ungabhubhisa ngokuphelele amasheya ezitshalo zezimpande ebusika neminye imikhiqizo.
Ngaphandle kokuthi amagundane asensimini azala kakhulu, ezinye izinhlobo zifakwe kuhlu oluthi "Red Book". Ama-Lemmings aseVinogradov asesimweni esibucayi, i-Alay Slepushonka isengozini. Kukhona nezinhlobo ezisengozini nama-voles aseduze kwesimo esisongelwayo.
