Impungushe yaseTibetan - omele okhethekile kakhulu wezitshalo nezilwane. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezimpungushe ezikhona, yiyona encane kunazo zonke. Umbala ongajwayelekile nomsila omkhulu, opholile, kanye nokuma kwesifonyo namehlo, kukwenza ubonakale futhi uwuhlukanise kakhulu nabanye abameleli balezi zinhlobo. Impungushe yisilwane esincelisayo esidla inyama esingumndeni we-canine. Abantu abaningi bayaqaphela ukuthi ukuvela kwesifonyo kukwenza kucishe kufane nezimpisi.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Impungushe yaseTibet
Impungushe yaseTibetan ingeyesilwane esincelisayo se-chordate, ingummeleli womndeni we-canine, owabelwe uhlobo lwe-fox, uhlobo lwe-fox yaseTibetan.
Okhokho bokuqala balaba bameleli bomndeni we-canine bavele enkathini ye-Eocene - eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-50 edlule endaweni yaseNyakatho Melika yanamuhla. Kule ndawo, abacwaningi bathole izinhlobo eziningana zezinsalela zamanxiwa asendulo omndeni we-canine. Bezingezama-myacid. Ukwahlulela ngokutholakele, okhokho basendulo bezimpungushe babenomzimba ohlangene nezitho zomzimba ezimfushane. Ensimini yaseYurophu nase-Asia yanamuhla, bakhulunywa ngesikhathi sePleistocene.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, okhokho basendulo be-canids basakazeka endaweni ebanzi futhi bahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili:
- I-Psiform;
- Kufana nekati.
Ukhokho oqondile we-fox yaseTibetan yi-progespersion. Abaphenyi bathola izinsalela zakhe esifundeni esentshonalanga yeTexas yanamuhla. Enkambweni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, lolu hlobo lwesilwane esidlayo lwashintsha indawo yokuhlala futhi, ngokuya ngendawo eyayihlala kuyo, lwashintsha.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Impungushe yezilwane yaseTibetan
Uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye abameleli balezi zinhlobo, impungushe yaseTibetan inomzimba omude kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ubukhulu nesisindo somzimba sincane kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo. Ngosayizi, impungushe yaseTibetan inkudlwana kunekati elikhulu. Ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala oyedwa ngamasentimitha angama-60-70, isisindo somzimba sisuka ku-5 kuya ku-6 kilograms.
Isici sokubukeka kungumsila omude futhi opholile kakhulu. Ubude baso bucishe bulingane nobude bomzimba futhi bungamasentimitha angama-30-45. Ubude obude, obukhulu bunika ivolumu, ngenxa yokuthi isilwane sibonakala sikhulu kakhulu kunalokho esiyikho ngempela. Ngenxa yezici zezimo zezulu esifundeni lapho isilwane sihlala khona, uboya baso bukhulu futhi bukhulu kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zezimpungushe. Kukhona ingubo yangaphansi eduzane nobuso besikhumba, ewela ngaphandle ngesikhathi se-molt yasentwasahlobo.
Ividiyo: Impungushe yaseTibet
Lokhu kuvumela impungushe ukuba ikhululeke emimoyeni enamandla, ebandayo, kanye nobusika obubanda kakhulu, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lifinyelela khona -35 -45 degrees. Ehlobo, le ndawo iyashisa kakhulu. Izinga lokushisa lomoya lifinyelela ku- + 30 - +40 degrees.
Inhloko yomzingeli inesimo esihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zezimpungushe. Isifonyo sinwetshiwe, ukukhula nokuqondiswa kwejazi kunika isithombe ngokuma kwaso okuyisikwele. Ekhanda azide kakhulu, kepha zikhombe izindlebe ezingunxantathu.
Iqiniso elithandekayo. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo amehlo. Ukuma kwabo kunciphile, batholakala phezulu. Kulokhu, umuzwa wobukhulu, ukuhlakanipha nokuzola okukhulu kudaliwe.
Esinye isici sithathwa njengemihlathi enamandla kakhulu enama-canines amade. Azikho zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezikhona namuhla ezingaziqhayisa ngama-canines amade kangaka. Impungushe nayo inombala othakazelisa kakhulu - ingemuva lithulisiwe libomvu, linombala onsundu. Phansi ijazi lishintsha umbala libe mpunga. Lokhu kunikeza umbono wemivimbo emzimbeni. Isilevu, intamo, isisu nethiphu yomsila zihlala zimhlophe njalo.
Ihlala kuphi impungushe yaseTibet?
Isithombe: Impungushe yaseTibet ebusika
Inqwaba yazo zonke izilwane ezikhona namuhla zigxile endaweni yasethafeni laseTibetan. Bangaphezu kuka-30,000 abantu abahlala lapha. Isilwane esincelisayo siyatholakala nakwezinye izifunda.
Izindawo ezihlala indawo yesilwane:
- ENepal;
- Izifunda ezithile zaseNdiya;
- China;
- UButane;
- Pakistan.
Izindawo ze-steppe zikhethwa njengendawo yokuhlala unomphela. Zimila kahle ezindaweni eziwugwadule ezinamadwala, namagquma. Abanye abantu bahlala eziqongweni zezintaba, ukuphakama kwazo kusuka kumamitha ayi-2 000 kuya ku-5 000.
Izimpungushe zaseTibetan zinamathele kakhulu ekunikezelweni kokudla. Izifunda zendawo ezihlala kuyo zitholakala ikakhulu lapho kuhlala khona ama-pikas, okuyizinto eziningi ezakha izidlo. Lapho ukudla kuphelile, bangathuthela kwezinye izifunda lapho kunethuba lokudla.
Izimpungushe zaseTibetan zizijwayeze kahle isimo sezulu sendawo futhi zikhuthazelela kalula ubusika obude ngamakhaza aqhubekayo, kanye nehlobo elangeni elishisayo nokushisa okungabekezeleleki. Okwamanje, impi yangempela nama-pikas iqhubeka eTibet. Laba bameleli bama-lagomorphs badutshulwa babhujiswa, okunomthelela omubi enanini lezimpungushe zaseTibetan.
Idliwa yini impungushe yaseTibet?
Isithombe: I-Wild Tibetan Fox
Impungushe yaseTibetan iyisilwane esincelisayo esidla inyama, ngakho-ke umthombo wokudla oyinhloko inyama. Isisekelo sokudla salesi silwane ikakhulukazi i-pika. Lesi yisilwane esincane esivela emndenini wamagundane, esihlobene kakhulu nezidleke. Ihlukile kwizimbila uma zingekho izindlebe ezinde nezitho zomzimba ezimfishane. Ama-pikas ajwayelekile kule ndawo futhi awumthombo oyinhloko wokudla hhayi kuphela izimpungushe zaseTibetan, kodwa futhi nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezidla ezinye.
I-database ye-forage yama-canids ingalekelelwa nge:
- Chipmunks;
- Amagundane e-Vole;
- Izibankwa;
- Amaprotheni;
- Izimbila;
- Onogwaja;
- Hares;
- Izinyoni nezidleke zazo, eziseduze nobuso bomhlaba;
- Amaqanda ezinyoni.
Uma kwenzeka kushoda izinsiza zokudla, izimpungushe zaseTibet zinganelisa indlala yazo ngezinambuzane noma nganoma iziphi ezinye izilwane ezincane ezingazibamba. Futhi, izithelo, imifino, izimpande ezahlukahlukene kanye nezinye izimila kungasetshenziswa. Uma izimpungushe zithola isidumbu, zingathola okwanele kuso. Lezi zinhlobo zezilwane ezibhekwa njengezilwane azithathwa njengokukhetha ukudla futhi zingaphila ngisho nasezimweni ezinzima ngesisekelo sokudla esiyindlala. Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kokungu-90% kokudla kwezidalwa ezingama-pikas.
Izimpungushe zivame ukuzingela emini. Phakathi kwama-steppes, ahamba kalula ngokungabonakali ngenxa yombala wawo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nokuzingela ngokuhlanganyela, lapho impungushe ijoyina ibhere lokuzingela. Uma ipika encane, eshesha ingaphunyuka ibhere, impungushe izoyibamba kalula. Imindeni ivame ukuzingela izilwane. Lezi zithandani zisabalalisa ngokwethembeka isisulu esibanjiwe.
Ukulalelisisa kuyabasiza ekuzingeleni, okubenza bakwazi ukuzwa ubukhona besilwane kude. Umuzwa wokuhogela usetshenziswa yizilwane njengomhlahlandlela endaweni yazo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Impungushe yaseTibetan
Impungushe yaseTibet ikhetha indlela yokuphila efihliwe, eyimfihlo. Umuntu ngamunye, noma umbhangqwana oshadile unendawo yawo yokuhlala. Kodwa-ke, ababona abaphikisi abashisekayo bangaphandle futhi imvamisa abangeni ekulweni kwensimu nanoma ngubani. Ziyahamba zizingela emini kuphela, isikhathi esisele zikhetha ukucasha emigodini yazo, emihosheni, emifantwini.
Namuhla, ososayensi bezilwane abakwazi ukunikeza incazelo enembile ngempilo yesilwane, ngenxa yokuthi zivaliwe kakhulu. Ukuzwa okubukhali kuvumela, lapho kufika abantu ongabazi, kanye nomuntu ukuba acashe endaweni yakhe yokukhosela. Umbhangqwana ngamunye, noma umuntu omdala, unendawo ethile atholakala kuyo futhi uyazingela. Ngokwemvelo, kunezimo lapho imindeni eminingana ihlala endaweni efanayo ngasikhathi sinye. Izimpungushe zaseTibetan zinobungane kakhulu ezihlotsheni zazo futhi azilokothi zivikele ilungelo lokuhlala endaweni efanayo lapho zilwa.
Ukuze baxhumane, benza imisindo ecishe ifane nokukhonkotha okuphansi, okungatheni. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwenziwa ngokungavamile kakhulu. Ukuhlala unomphela, izimpungushe zikhetha indawo eqhelile, eyihlane kude nezindawo zokuhlala abantu. Bahlomisa indawo yabo yokuhlala eduze nemithombo yamanzi endaweni lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kungangeni kubo. Imvamisa kukhona ukungena okuningana emgodini noma kukhona ukuphuma okuningana.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Amantshontsho empungushe yaseTibet
Isikhathi sokukhwelana singesonyaka futhi siqala ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari. Izilwane zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila futhi zifuna umlingani. Imibhangqwana evelayo ihlala ndawonye izingele ndawonye futhi ikhulise inzalo kuze kube sekupheleni kwezimpilo zayo. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukuhlala esidlekeni kwenzeka.
Ngemuva kokuphela kwenkathi yokukhwelana, ukukhulelwa kuqala, okuhlala ezinsukwini ezingama-50 kuye kwezingama-65. Izingane zizalelwa emgodini ngamanani kusuka kwababili kuya kwabahlanu. Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwamawundlu, insikazi ayishiyi emgodini isikhathi eside, ibaqaphe futhi ibavikele. Amathole azalwa eyimpumputhe futhi engenaboya. Isisindo somntwana oyedwa singeqi ku-130 amagremu.
Izingane, kanye nonina, azishiyi indawo yazo yokukhosela amasonto ambalwa zize zikhule futhi ziqine. Ngenkathi insikazi enezingane isemgodini, eyeduna iyahamba izingele yodwa futhi inikeze wonke umndeni ukudla. Noma seziphumile emgodini, izingane ziqale zilandele unina ngomsila wazo futhi azimyeki. Abesifazane bezimpungushe zaseTibet bangabazali abakhathazekile nabakhathalelayo.
Izingane zondla ubisi lukamama inyanga eyodwa nohhafu kusukela ngosuku lokuzalwa. Abazali banakekela izingane zabo ngokulinganayo. Cishe ezinyangeni ezimbili, umndeni uqala ukuphuma kancane emgodini uhambe kancane, wandise ubude bawo nobubanzi bawo. Ngalesi sikhathi, abazali baqala ukondla amawundlu ngokudla kwenyama, bese bebafundisa imithetho yokuzingela.
Inzalo ifinyelela ebusheni cishe izinyanga eziyi-9-10. Bekanye nabazali babo, izingane zigcinwa kuze kube seminyakeni yokuthomba. Ngemuva kwalokho, bayahlukana baqale impilo yokuzimela, babheke umlingani futhi bahlomise umhume. Isikhathi esiphakathi sokuphila sezilwane ezidla ezinye ezihlala ezimweni zemvelo yiminyaka eyi-8-10. Kodwa-ke, iningi labantu liyafa ngonyaka wesihlanu noma wesithupha wokuphila.
Izitha zemvelo zezimpungushe zaseTibet
Isithombe: Impungushe yezilwane yaseTibetan
Ezimweni zemvelo, izimpungushe zaseTibet zinezitha ezimbalwa. Izilwane zezingane zisengozini ikakhulukazi.
Izitha zemvelo zezimpungushe zaseTibetan:
- Izimpisi;
- AmaMastiff aseTibet.
Abantu bendawo bancamela ukuba nama-mastiff aseTibetan, amakhulu kakhulu kunezimpungushe, ngakho-ke bayabazingela futhi babahlasele.
- Izinhlobo ezidliwayo zezinyoni;
- Umuntu nemisebenzi yakhe, ukuzingela nokudubula izilwane.
Ngaphezu kwezilwane ezizingelayo, izinyoni nezinja ezifuywayo zabantu bendawo, izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene ezihlose ukulwa nokwanda kwenani lamaphikha zifaka isandla ekwehliseni isibalo sezimpungushe zaseTibet. Isizinda sokudla siyaqothulwa, ngakho-ke izimpungushe zincishwa umthombo wokudla. Esinye isizathu sokwehla kwenani lezilwane izifo ezithinta i-echinococcal, ezithinteka kakhulu ezilwaneni. Ngenxa yalesi sifo, izilwane eziningi ziyafa.
Umuntu akusona isizathu esiyinhloko sokwehla kwenani lezilwane ezidla ezinye, ngoba kunzima impela ukubamba impungushe ngenxa yendlela yokuphila efihliwe kanye nokuqapha ngokweqile.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Amantshontsho empungushe yaseTibet
Namuhla, inani lalezi zinhlobo zezimpungushe kuzo zonke izifunda zendawo yazo liphansi kakhulu. Izazi zezilwane zenze ucwaningo futhi zanquma inani elilinganiselwe lezilwane ezifundeni ezingaphezu kuka-40 ezihlukene. Isibalo sabantu singama-36 500. Ezifundeni ezikude ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeTibet, kude nezindawo zokuhlala zabantu ezinendawo yokudla eyindlala, inani labantu ngabantu aba-5-7 kuphela kumakhilomitha angu-2-2.5. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, lapho izimo zokuphila zizinhle kakhulu, kwatholakala abantu abangaba ngu-20-25 amakhilomitha angama-300.
Ngokusemthethweni, lolu hlobo lungaphansi kokuvikelwa komthetho ngenxa yenani elincipha njalo. Kodwa-ke, empeleni, akukho zinyathelo ezikhethekile ezithathwayo ukuvikela nokwandisa inani lezilwane.
Izilwane zibhujiswa ngabantu bendawo ukuze zithole uboya obuntofontofo. Yize ukuminyana kwayo nokubukeka kwayo okuhle, ayithandwa kakhulu futhi akuyona eyenhlobo ebizayo yoboya ngenxa yekhwalithi yayo ephansi. Kodwa-ke, abantu bendawo benza izigqoko ngoboya bempungushe yaseTibet ukuze babavikele emoyeni nasemvuleni enamandla.
Izazi zezilwane zithi, yize isibalo salaba bameleli bama-canine besincipha muva nje, abasongelwa ngokuqedwa ngokuphelele. Izimpungushe zibonakala ngokuqapha ngokweqile, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuzithola nokuzibamba. Impungushe yaseTibetan yisilwane esihle kakhulu futhi esingajwayelekile. Lesi isixhumanisi esibaluleke kakhulu kuzimbali nezilwane zasendaweni. Izilwane ezilawulayo zilawula inani lamagundane, ikakhulukazi ama-pikas, futhi zikhulula inhlabathi ngokumba imigodi.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 15.04.2019
Idethi yokubuyekeza: 19.09.2019 ngo-21: 06
