Umnenke ubaziwa kusukela endulo. Umdala wasendulo ongumRoma uPliny Omdala wabika emibhalweni yakhe mayelana ukuzalanisa iminenke yamagilebhisi bakithi ukondla amakilasi ampofu kakhulu. Kuze kube manje, amapulazi akhethekile ayakhiwa ngendlela yesimanje, kepha ukunambitheka kwe-shellfish manje sekujwayeleke kakhulu kuma-gourmets.
Igama lesidalwa esisemhlabeni se-gastropod lagxila ngenxa yokulimaza kwayo imivini, kepha kukhona okunye ukuhluka kwamagama ayo: i-apula, uphahla, iRoma, iBurgundy, noma umnenke odliwayo nje.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
AmaMolluscs ahlali nje ngokuhambisana negama ezivinini, kodwa futhi nasezivandeni, emahlathini aqandayo nasemhosheni onezihlahla. Umhlabathi we-limestone kanye ne-alkaline reaction yindawo eyintandokazi yeminenke ethanda ukushisa.
Ingxenye yaseYurophu, eNyakatho Afrika naseNtshonalanga ye-Asia, eNingizimu Melika kuhlala inqwaba yama-mollusk ahlala hhayi kuphela ezimweni zemvelo, kepha nasedolobheni, eduze nemigwaqo emikhulu nezakhiwo zokuhlala.
Ukulutha amahlumela amancane ezitshalo, iminenke ibhekwa njengezilokazane futhi ivunyelwe ngokomthetho ukungenisa kwezinye izifundazwe. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye izinzuzo zeminenke yamagilebhisi kusobala ezimbonini zokudla nezokwelapha.
Ngokwesayizi, le mollusk mhlawumbe iyinhlabathi enkulu kunazo zonke eYurophu. Umzimba uqukethe isifuba negobolondo, okusonteke ngumoya ngokujika okungu-4.5. Ukuphakama kwendlu yomnenke kufika ku-5 cm, futhi ububanzi - 4.7 cm. Lokhu kwanele ukuthi umzimba ulingane ngokuphelele.
Ubuso obunembambo ye-turbo-spiral yegobolondo buyivumela ukuthi igcine umswakama omningi futhi ithuthukise amandla endlu, angakwazi ukumelana nengcindezi yomthwalo ofinyelela kuma-13 kg. Umnenke unesisindo esingu-50 g.
Umzimba ohambayo nowokunwebeka uvame ukuba nsundu ngombala, umbozwe imibimbi ukugcina uketshezi nokunikeza ukunyakaza. Umnenke ngamunye unephethini yawo eguquguqukayo yomzimba, kwesinye isikhathi awubonakali. Ukuphefumula kungamaphaphu. Igazi alinawo umbala.
Ukuhamba kwembaza kuhlinzekwa ngumlenze omkhulu. Igeleza ngaphezulu ngokuthola imisipha etholakala endaweni eyodwa futhi yelule ingaphezulu lomzimba. Ubude bomlenze bufinyelela ku-5-8 cm. Ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, umnenke, ngenxa yezindlala ezikhethekile ezisekuqaleni, ikhipha amafinyila, anciphisa amandla okuqubuka.
Ijubane elijwayelekile lokuhamba komnenke cishe liyi-1.5 mm ngesekhondi kunoma iyiphi indawo: enezingqimba, emi mpo, ethambekele. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi uketshezi lwamafinyila lumane lome, kepha ukubonwa kukhombisile ukuthi imollusk imunca kanjani uketshezi emgodini okuwukuphela kwawo.
Kukhona ukusakazeka okungapheli komfutho, lokhu kugcina uketshezi ngaphakathi komzimba. Uma isimo sezulu sinetha, umnenke we-slime akazisoli futhi ushiya umzila, ngoba akunzima nakancane ukugcwalisa okuphakelayo. Umbala weShell uvame ukuba nsundu ngokunsundu ngemivimbo emnyama eguqukayo. Kukhona abantu abane-monochromatic, abaphuzi abanesihlabathi ngaphandle kwemivimbo.
Imithunzi ingahluka ngokuya ngezici zokudla kwemollusk nendawo okuhlala kuyo lapho udinga ukuzifihla ezitheni eziningi: amaxoxo, ama-shrews, ama-moles, izibankwa, izinyoni, ama-hedgehogs, amagundane nezinambuzane ezidlayo. Iminenke ihlushwa amabhungane angena embotsheni yokuphefumula.
Ekhanda le-mollusk kukhona ama-tentacles anezitho ezibalulekile ezibalulekile. Zihamba kakhulu futhi ziyavuka futhi ziwe endaweni emile; njengomthetho, zakha i-engeli yokuqhamuka komunye nomunye.
Okuphambili, kuze kufike ku-4-5 mm ubude, kunikezela ngomsebenzi okweqile. Ingemuva, efinyelela ku-2 cm ngosayizi, yizintambo zamehlo. Iminenke ayihlukanisi phakathi kwemibala, kepha ibona izinto ziseduze, kuze kufike ku-1 cm, zisabela ekukhanyeni kokukhanyisa. Zonke izintambo zinokuzwela okuphezulu: ngokuthinta okulula, zicasha ngaphakathi.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Iminenke iyasebenza esimweni sezulu esifudumele: kusuka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuye ekwindla isithwathwa. Ngesikhathi esibandayo, bawela ekugqwayizeni okulengisiwe, noma ebusika. Isikhathi sokuphumula sithatha izinyanga ezi-3. Ama-mollusk alungiselela amakamelo enhlabathini ebusika. Njengabavukuzi abanekhono, benza izibopho ngomlenze wabo wemisipha.
Ukujula kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-30 cm kuncike ekumeni kwenhlabathi nakwezinye izimo. Uma umnenke ungakwazi ukungena emhlabathini oqinile, ucasha ngaphansi kwamaqabunga. Umlomo wegobolondo lomnenke uqiniswa ngefilimu ekhethekile yamafinyila, okuthi, ngemuva kokuqina, iphenduke isembozo esinyene. Isikhala esincane sigcinelwa ukungena komoya.
Ungahlola lokhu lapho umnenke ucwiliswa emanzini - amabhamuza azovela njengobufakazi bokushintshaniswa kwegesi. Ubukhulu bepulagi enjalo buxhomeke ezimeni zobusika. Igobolondo likalamula livikela ngokwethembeka umzimba wemollusk endaweni engaphandle. Ngesikhathi sokulala ubuthongo, ukwehla kwesisindo kufinyelela ku-10%, futhi ukutakula kuhlala inyanga ngemuva kokuvuka.
Ukulala ubuthongo njalo kwenzeka ukulala ubheke phezulu ngomlomo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine ungqimba oluncane lomoya, kugcina amabhaktheriya ngaphandle futhi kusize ukuvuka kwentwasahlobo. Ukuze angakhukhuliswa amanzi, udinga ukufika phezulu ngokushesha okukhulu ngangokunokwenzeka emahoreni ambalwa.
Emini, ama-mollusk ayenzi lutho, acashe ezindaweni ezingabonakali ngaphansi kwesikhoselo samaqabunga noma amatshe, enhlabathini emanzi noma ubulembu obumanzi. Umswakama womoya uthinta ukuziphatha komnenke.
Esimweni sezulu esomile, ziyabanda futhi azisebenzi, zihlala kumagobolondo ambozwe ngeveli elisobala eliphuma ekuhwamukeni nasekuphelelweni amanzi emzimbeni. Ngezinsuku zemvula, umnenke uphuma ebusika, udla ifilimu yokuvikela umlomo wegobolondo, ijubane lokunyakaza kwalo liyanda, nesikhathi sokufuna okusebenzayo kokudla siyakhula.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuvuselelwa, noma ukubuyiselwa kwezitho zomzimba ezingekho ngeminenke. Uma umhlaseli eluma izintambo noma ingxenye yekhanda kusuka ku-mollusk, umnenke ngeke ufe, kepha uzokwazi ukukhulisa okulahlekile kungakapheli amasonto ama-2-4.
Ukuzala iminenke yamagilebhisi ekhaya namuhla akuvamile. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi emazweni amaningi, yize kuvinjelwe ukungeniswa kwezimbaza, intshisekelo kuzo zihlala, futhi intengo iyakhula.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukudla okuyinhloko kweminenke ye-herbivorous amahlumela amancane ezitshalo eziphilayo, ezibhekwa njengezilokazane. Ungawondla kanjani umnenke wamagilebhisi ekhaya? Bathanda imifino nezithelo ezintsha: ubhanana, amathanga, i-zucchini, ama-apula, ukhukhamba, izaqathe, ama-beet, iklabishi nokuningi. Ngokuvamile, uhlu lwezitshalo zezitshalo lungaphezu kwezinto ezingama-30, kufaka phakathi i-plantain, i-burdock, i-dandelions, i-sorrel, i-nettle.
Ekuthunjweni, isinkwa esimanzi siba yisibiliboco kubo. Bangadla eminye imifino ewile, izinsalela zokudla kuphela ezimweni zokushoda kokudla. Bese izitshalo ezibolile, amaqabunga awile ngokuqinisekile azoheha iminenke.
Umnenke wamagilebhisi ngeke uyeke ukuthola ama-strawberry
Ulimi lwembaza lunjenge-roller enamazinyo amaningi. Njenge-grater, ikhuhla izingxenye zezitshalo. Imifino ephendulwe yaba gruel imuncwa ngumnenke. Ngisho imbabazane ehlabayo ayizilimazi izinwele ezihlabayo. Ukuqinisa igobolondo lomnenke, kudingeka usawoti we-calcium.
Ukudla kwezilwane nako kwesinye isikhathi kungaheha izimbaza. Iminenke inikezwe umuzwa omuhle wephunga. Bezwa iphunga lekhabe elisha noma iklabishi eliqhele cishe ngesigamu semitha, kuncike emoyeni omncane. Amanye amaphunga azwakala ebangeni cishe elingu-5-6 cm.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Iminenke yamagilebhisi ibhekwa njenge-hermaphrodites. Ngakho-ke, abantu ababili abavuthiwe ngokocansi banele ukukhiqiza kabusha. Isikhathi sokuhlangana senzeka entwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kokuwa. Amaqanda abekwa ku-fossa elungisiwe noma kwenye indawo yokukhosela yemvelo, ngokwesibonelo, empandeni yezitshalo.
Esithombeni, iminenke yokukhwelana
I-Clutch iqukethe amaqanda acwebezelayo amhlophe angama-30-40 afinyelela ku-7 mm ngosayizi. Isikhathi sokufukamela amasonto ayi-3-4. Iminenke esanda kuzalwa, ephuma emaqandeni, inegobolondo elisobala eligoqene ukujika okukodwa nengxenye. Iminenke ihola ngokuzimela kusukela ekuzalweni.
Intsha idla izinsalela zegobolondo leqanda, zondle enhlabathini nezinto ezikulo, ize iphume endaweni yokukhosela. Ukwakheka kwezinsuku eziyi-7-10 kwenzeka esidlekeni, bese phezulu lapho kufunwa ukudla kwezitshalo. Kwaphela inyanga, iminenke inyuka cishe izikhathi eziyi-3-4.
Esithombeni, umnenke ubeka amaqanda
Iminenke eneminyaka engu-1.5 kuphela yobudala evuthwa ngokocansi, kepha yi-5% kuphela yenani lokuzalwa elifinyelela kule nkathi. Cishe ingxenye yesithathu yama-mollusk ifa ngemuva kwenkathi yokuzalanisa. Isilinganiso sokuphila esimweni semvelo yiminyaka eyi-7-8, uma ingangeni ezandleni zomzingeli. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle zokuzalisa okufakelwayo umnenke wamagilebhisi owenziwe ekhaya uphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20, kuyaziwa icala lokuqoshwa kweminyaka engama-30.
Yize kusatshalaliswa indawo enkulu yezimbaza, bekulokhu kuyizinto ezisetshenziswa ngabantu ngenxa yenani lokondleka kwenyama njengomkhiqizo wokudla nokubaluleka kwezokwelapha ekwelapheni izifo zamehlo, uhlelo lwe-musculoskeletal, izinkinga zesisu nezinjongo zezimonyo.
Umnenke wamagilebhisi ongumama nengane yakhe
I-mucus ye-gastropods ithuthukisa izinqubo zokululama kwesikhumba ngemuva kokulimala. Iminenke ithuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-collagen, yandisa i-microcirculation yegazi, esiza ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwesikhumba, ukuvuselelwa kwaso.
Ukupheka iminenke yamagilebhisi ngokwesiko emazweni aseMedithera nasezifundazweni eziningi zaseYurophu. Ecebile ngamaprotheni namaminerali, izitsha ze-shellfish zithandwa ngama-gourmets. Izindlela zokupheka ezinhle kakhulu ziyaziwa kubahlali baseFrance, Spain, Italy, Greece.
Umnenke ulula futhi uyindida ngasikhathi sinye. Ukuqhamuka ezikhathini zasendulo, kushintshe okuncane futhi kusakhanga intshisekelo yomuntu empilweni yabo yemvelo.
