Enye yezindawo zokuqala phakathi kwezinambuzane zezitshalo zasendlini nezensimu ithatha ngokufanele i-aphid... Lezi zinambuzane ze-Homoptera oda ziyikhanda cishe kunoma yimuphi umlimi wensimu. Ukuhlalisa amakoloni amakhulu futhi kube nokuzala okuphezulu, ama-aphid abhubhisa ukutshala, adle amajusi esitshalo esiphethe.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala kwama-aphid
Ama-aphid izinambuzane ezincane, ezingeqile kumamilimitha ambalwa ngobude. Umzimba we-aphid unesimo se-oval; umbozwe ngegobolondo elithambile, elineshubhu. Ngosizo lwemilenze emide ngokwanele, lezi zinambuzane eziphazamisayo ziyakwazi ukukhasa zisuka kwesinye isitshalo ziye kwesinye futhi zize zeqe.
Enkoloni ngayinye yama-aphid, kukhona abantu abangenazimpiko namaphiko, ngalinye lidlala indima ethile emphakathini othile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona kwamaphiko akunqunywa ubulili - kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane kungamaphiko.
Engxenyeni engaphambili yekhanda lomuntu omdala, kunezimpondo ezikhethekile ezibhekene nokuthinta nokuzwa. Amehlo anesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi esinezici eziningi; abantu abangenazimpiko ngokwengeziwe banamehlo amathathu alula.
Amehlo ahlangene e-Aphid angaba nombala kusuka kokubomvu kuya kokumnyama okumnyama. Ngokumangazayo, ukubona okubonakalayo kwe-aphid kungumyalelo wobukhulu obungcono kune, ngokwesibonelo, izinyosi. Ama-aphid angahlukanisa ngisho neminye imibala.
Ingxenye yomlomo ye-aphid imelwe nge-proboscis encane, equkethe izingxenye ezine. Ngalesi proboscis, i-aphid ihlaba ingquza yesitshalo futhi imunce ujusi onomsoco. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-4,000 zama-aphid emhlabeni. Lezi zinambuzane zithanda isimo sezulu esifudumele esinomswakama ophezulu. Ama-aphid azizwa emuhle ezindlini zokugcina izithombo.
Isimo kanye nendlela yokuphila yezintwala
Ama-aphid ahlala emakoloni amakhulu, athinta, amahlumela amancane namaqabunga kuqala. Lesi sitshalo siba buthakathaka, ama-curls amahlamvu asheshe afe. Imvamisa, amakoloni aphid ahlangana nezintuthwane.
Ama-aphid, lapho enza umsebenzi wawo obalulekile, akhipha uketshezi olunoshukela (pad), oluthathwa izintuthwane njengesibiliboco. Izintuthwane zidla ama-aphid ngokoqobo, zidla uju futhi zixosha izinambuzane ezidlayo, eziyizitha zemvelo zezinkukhu (ama-ladybirds, ama-hoverflies, njll.)
Izinhlobo ze-aphid
Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zama-aphid, izinhlobo ngazinye ziyehluka komunye nomunye ngesimo somzimba - kungaba yindilinga, imise okwehlisayo, i-ellipsoidal. Osayizi nabo bangahluka kusuka ku-0.5mm kuye ku-8mm.
Kwezinye izimo, umbala wesinambuzane esidala uncike kumbala wesitshalo lapho i-aphid iyisidlakudla.I-aphid emhlophe inegobolondo eliguqukayo futhi yaziwa kahle kubathandi bezimbali zasendlini. Ngaphezu kokugcina, lolu hlobo luthinta izithombo zezitshalo zemifino.
I-pea aphid inemibala ngamathoni aluhlaza okotshani; ithanda ukwenza amakoloni okutshalwa, ikakhulukazi uphizi. Izintwala ezimnyama zihlala kuma-cherries, ama-cherry amnandi nezinye izihlahla zezithelo. Vele, ama-aphid awakwazi ukusibhubhisa ngokuphelele isihlahla, kepha angahle anciphise ukukhula kwawo futhi aphazamise ukuthela okujwayelekile.
Okubomvu i-aphid - inkathazo ama-currants, i-gooseberries, ubhekilanga nezinye izitshalo ezitshaliwe. Ngenxa yombala ogqamile onsundu ngokubomvu, kulula ukuyithola bese uqala ukulwa nalo gciwane ngesikhathi. Yini okufanele uyenze uma kuvela ama-aphid emaqabunga isitshalo osithandayo? Ukulwa nama-aphid kwenziwa ngezindlela eziningana: i-biological, amakhemikhali, amakhambi wesintu.
I-aphid emnyama
Indlela yebhayoloji ifaka ukuheha isakhiwo somuntu siqu ukulwa nezinambuzane zama-aphid-abahlaseli. Izitha zemvelo zezinkukhu zithandaza ama-mantis, ama-ladybugs, ama-hoverflies, ama-lacewings, ama-earwigs nezinye eziningi.
Ngale njongo, izitshalo zitshalwa eduze kwesivuno esiyinkinga esiheha izitha ze-aphid. Futhi, ukubhubhisa inani le-aphid, kutshalwa izitshalo zokuxosha (ugarlic, i-dill, ugwayi, i-lemon balm, i-marigolds). Izinyoni nazo zingadala umonakalo omkhulu kumakholoni we-aphid, kepha-ke, kulokhu, isivuno sezithelo zamajikijolo naso singathinteka.
Silwe ama-aphid, izinambuzane eziyizinambuzane, ebonakala ngokuminza okukhulu, nayo yenziwa ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane. Le ndlela yinhle uma kukhulunywa ngomhlaba omkhulu wezolimo. Ungakhohlwa ngezingozi zale ndlela - amakhemikhali athambekele ekuqoqeni esitshalweni futhi ekugcineni agcine etafuleni lethu.
Izindlela zabantu silwe nama-aphid bathela isitshalo esithintekile ngemifino ehlukahlukene yamakhambi, isisombululo sensipho yokuwasha ngomlotha. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kuhle ikhambi le-aphid yiCoca-Cola ejwayelekile. Ngemuva kokuchelela amaqabunga nalesi siphuzo esidumile, ama-aphid, njengomthetho, ayanyamalala.
Ukudla kwe-Aphid
I-Aphid yisinambuzane cishe omnivorous, kuthinta noma yiziphi izimila. futhi abambalwa kuphela abamele le suborder abathanda izinhlobo ezithile zotshani, izihlahlana noma izihlahla. Ingena ezicutshini ezithambile zesitshalo nge-proboscis, i-aphid idla ama-amino acid aqukethwe ijusi.
Ukukhiqizwa kanye nempilo yezintwala
Ekwindla, i-aphid yesifazane ibeka amaqanda esitshalweni. Ngokufika kwenkathi efudumele, izibungu ziyaqanduka kubo, ezikhula zibe ngabantu abadala abazala ngaphandle kokukhulelwa (parthenogenesis). Umphumela wokuzaliswa okunjalo uzoba izintwala zesifazane ezingenamaphiko.
Owesifazane oyedwa ngenyanga angazala amakhulu ezinkulungwane zohlobo lwakhe. Lapho leli koloni seligcwele abantu, izinhlobo ezinamaphiko ziqala ukuvela enzalweni, ezikwazi ukundizela kwesinye isitshalo bese zihlala kuso.
Eduze nasekwindla, abesilisa bavela phakathi kwama-aphid anamaphiko futhi ukuzala kuba ngocansi. Ngale ndlela yokuzala, inani lamaqanda liba ngumyalo wobukhulu obuphansi, kepha kuphela abakwaziyo ukusinda ebusika obunzima. Kwezinye izinhlobo zama-aphid, hhayi amaqanda kuphela kepha nezibungu ezingaphezulu kobusika.
Isikhathi sokuphila sezintwala sincike ezinhlotsheni nasezimweni zezulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, isukela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuye enyangeni. Endaweni epholile (8-10 ° C), i-aphid yesifazane ingaphila izinsuku ezingama-60.
Ungasusa kanjani ama-aphid
Ama-aphid anomthelela omubi ezitshalweni, hhayi nje ukuncela amajusi abalulekile, kepha futhi nokuwadlulisa nokuwathelelelela ngamagciwane nesikhunta. Kodwa lolu hlobo lwama-parasites alutholakali kubamele bezimbali kuphela, kukhona okuningi emzimbeni womuntu. Ake sibheke amakhambi ambalwa esintu abulala ngempumelelo izintwala.
1. I-Dandelion iyindlela enhle kakhulu yokulwa namakholoni ama-aphid, hhayi nje kuphela, kepha futhi nokulwa nemikhaza kanye ne-copperheads. Ama-300 g amaqabunga aqoshiwe nama-rhizomes athelwa ngamanzi (10 l) bese efakwa amahora amathathu. Ngemuva kokumnika, hlunga futhi uphathe ngokushesha izitshalo ezithintekile.
2. I-Celandine. Sika kahle (izihlahla ezi-3-4 eziphakathi nendawo) bese umboza ngamanzi afudumele (ibhakede eli-1), engeza u-20 g wensipho encibilikisiwe noma isepha, isibonelo, iFairy, lapho. Lesi sixazululo kufanele siphikiswe futhi sihlungwe ngemuva kwamahora amathathu. Futha izindawo ezinegciwane ngokulungiselela okuphelile, ukuze kufinyelele ezinambuzane ngokwazo, okungukuthi, kusuka phansi kuya phezulu. Ungagcoba ngqo amahlumela athintekile kusixazululo.
3. Iziqongqo zikatamatisi. U-500 g uqoshwe kahle futhi uthele ngebhakede elilodwa lamanzi, konke lokhu kubilisiwe isigamu sehora. Isixazululo esiphelile sihlanjululwa ku-1 litre lamanzi. Ungafafaza noma yiziphi izitshalo. Iziqongo zikatamatisi zingashintshwa ngamazambane aphezulu. I-1.5 kg yamazambane aqoshiwe amazambane athelwa kumalitha ayi-10 wamanzi afudumele futhi agcizelelwe amahora amathathu, bese ehlungwa. Ngemuva kwalokho ungafutha.
4. Makhorka. U-100 g kagwayi udinga ukubiliswa ihora elilodwa kwilitha elilodwa lamanzi, bese uhlunga. Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, umhluzi ophumela kufanele uhlanjululwe ngamanzi: 300-400 g womhluzi ngebhakede elilodwa.
5. Isixazululo seSoda. 1 isipuni l. isoda idinga ukuncibilikiswa kulitha elilodwa lamanzi bese yengezwa kunsipho elungisiwe yokuwasha - ikota yocezu.
6. Upelepele omunyu. Kwilitha elilodwa lamanzi, udinga ukubilisa ama-pods ambalwa. Ngemuva kwalokho umhluzi uphikelelwa izinsuku ezimbili. Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, ikhambi kufanele lihlanjululwe ngamanzi: 1 ingilazi yokumnika ibhakede elilodwa lamanzi.
7. Ukumnika umlotha. Kubhekwa njengesixazululo esisebenza kahle kunazo zonke ekulweni namakholoni ama-aphid. U-200-300 g womlotha uthululwa ngamanzi abilayo, isixazululo esipholile siyahlungwa bese kufakwa insipho noma okokugeza izitsha.
Ukuze ukwelashwa kulethe izinzuzo ezibonakalayo, umuthi kumele ufike kulesi silokazane. Futhi, zonke izintwala azithandi i-potassium eyeqile. Ngakho-ke, ukondla okunomsoco kwezitshalo ngomlotha nokunisela okuningi kuzokonakalisa ukunambitheka kokudla okumnandi kwezintwala. I-Potassium ibalulekile empilweni yezitshalo, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo okufanele kuzoletha izinzuzo kuphela.
Kepha kulabo abangakhuthazi ukuzethemba ngezindlela zabantu zokulwa nama-aphid ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali, ngingaluleka labo abasendalini ezitolo zethu. I-Aktofit - ayinangozi ngezinyosi, kodwa iyabulala ama-aphid.
Izithelo, ngemuva kokufafaza nalokhu kulungiselela, zingadliwa ngemuva kwamahora angama-48. Lesi sidakamizwa singashintshwa ne-bitoxibacillin yokubulala izinambuzane. I- "AKTARA 25WG" inamandla amakhulu okubhubhisa.
Futhi izincomo zokugcina: tshala izitshalo ezivimbela isiza, njenge-mint, i-lavender, i-thyme nezinye. Futhi, kuyadingeka, impela, ukuqeda izintuthwane ezizala ama-aphid futhi zidle ubisi lwazo, ngaphandle kwalokho ukulwa nama-aphid ngeke kuphumelele.
