Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo i-walrus
Njengoba ehlala endaweni enesimo sezulu esibuhlungu se-Arctic, i-walrus isibe igama lasekhaya, ngoba isikhathi esiningi asichitha emanzini aneqhwa ezitholela ukudla kwakhe. Ukuze siphile ezimeni ezinzima kangaka, lesi silwane kufanele sibe namandla amakhulu.
Futhi unalezi zinsiza: ama-walrus izilwane zasolwandle ngobukhulu obumangazayo - ubude bendoda endala bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-5, kanti isisindo sifinyelela kumathani ayi-1.5, kanti abesifazane bancane kancane - ubude bufinyelela ku-3 m, kanti isisindo singu-800 - 900 kg.
Esinye isici esibamba lapho ubuka isithombe se-walrus yezilwane ngaphezu kobukhulu bayo, lawa ngamazinyo amakhulu aphuma kuwo.
Kusuka ekhanda elincanyana, elihlobene nomzimba, amabamba amabili anamandla aphuma abheke phansi, angafika ku-80 cm, isilwane asizidingi nje kuphela ukuzivikela, imvamisa kuba nezingxabano phakathi kwamadoda nokungqubuzana, kepha nokuthola ukudla okuvela phansi. Futhi, ngosizo lwabo, i-walrus ingakhuphuka ezintabeni zeqhwa.
Isendlalelo samafutha salesi silwane cishe singama-15 cm, futhi inani lamafutha esisindo somzimba esiphelele lifinyelela kuma-25%. UWalrus uyisilwane esincelisayo negazi elifudumele, ngakho-ke uma esemanzini isikhathi eside, igazi likhipha ebusweni besikhumba, nomzimba wakhe ube lula.
Bese kuthi lapho i-walrus inyukela phezulu, igazi ligijimele emuva kungqimba olungaphezulu lwesikhumba, bese umzimba ubuyisa umbala wawo onsundu wangaphambilini. Abantu abasha banesembozo soboya esincane, esinyamalalayo njengoba bekhula.
AmaWalrus izilwane zase-Arctic - zihlala ngasogwini lonke lwe-Arctic Ocean naseziqhingini eziseduze. Abantu babo bahlala eGreenland, eziqhingini zaseSpitsbergen, oLwandle Olubomvu, e-Iceland.
Ngenkathi yasehlobo, inani elikhulu lama-walrus lihlangana eBristol Bay, kepha izimo ezikhululeke kakhulu kubo ziseLwandle iTreadmill e-Alaska, kepha njengoba ama-walrus eyizilwane ezifudukayo, angatholakala nasogwini olusenyakatho empumalanga yeSiberia.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila ye-walrus
Isilwane se-Walrus ngokwemvelo ayinalo ulaka, bahlangana ngamaqembu abantu abayi-20-30, futhi kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala amaduna amakhulu avela emhlambini, adlala indima enkulu.
Kuma-rookeries, angahlela izilwane zasenyakatho ama-walrus, izinkulungwane eziningana zabantu ziyahlangana. Ngesikhathi beseseholidini, abesifazane banakekela izingane, abesilisa balungisa izinto.
Lezo zilwane ezisemaphethelweni e-rookery zenza indima yabalindi, lapho ziqaphele noma ikuphi ukusongelwa kude, zazisa abafowabo ngengozi ezayo ngomsele omkhulu. Ukuzwa ukukhala kwe-alamu, wonke umhlambi ugijimela emanzini, ngokuchoboza okunamandla, amawundlu angahlupheka, ngakho-ke abesifazane bawemboza ngemizimba yabo.
Lalela izwi le-walrus
Enye indlela yokondla ibhere elimhlophe yile izilwane walrus, uphawu kanye nezinye izakhamizi zasenyakatho. Ibhere liphendukela ekuzingeleni ama-walrus ezimweni ezingavamile, ngoba emanzini alikwazi ukubhekana nalo, futhi emhlabeni, izilwane ezibuthakathaka noma amawundlu afele ekuhlungeni baba yisisulu salo.
Okufanekisiwe yikholoni lama-walrus
Ibhere ngeke limelane nomuntu omdala ophilile; kuye kukhona isisulu esilula phakathi kwezimpawu, izimpawu. Emanzini, abaphikisana kuphela nama-walrus yimikhomo ebulalayo, bakhulu kunama-walrus futhi banamazinyo abukhali. Ukubalekela imikhomo ebulalayo, ama-walrus kufanele aphume emhlabeni.
Ukudla okunomsoco weWalrus
Njengoba i-walrus ihlala emanzini asogwini, lapho izitholela khona ukudla, ibhukuda ibanga elingamamitha angama-50., Futhi iyakwazi ukudilika ibanga elingamamitha angama-80.
Ngamazinyo akhe amakhulu, ulima intshebe yakhe ezansi, ngaleyo ndlela aphakamise amagobolondo ezinhlamvu, abese ezihlikihla ngamaphiko ahlukanisa amagobolondo "nokugcwaliswa", izingcezu zegobolondo zinzima futhi zicwila phansi.
Ukuze ithole okwanele, i-walrus idinga ama-shellfish angama-50 kg ngosuku, ayiyithandi inhlanzi, futhi ibuyela kuyo uma kungekho okunye ukudla. Abesilisa abakhulu kunabo bonke bangazingela izimvu zamanzi, izimvu zamanzi, ama-narwhals - babhekwa njengezilwane eziyingozi futhi bangahlasela abantu. Ngemuva kokunambitha inyama, i-walrus izoqhubeka nokuyifuna, abantu basenyakatho bayibiza kanjalo - ama-kelyuchas.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukukhiqiza kabusha ama-walruses eRed Book laseRussia akwenzeki kaningi, iminyaka yokuthomba yenzeka ngeminyaka eyi-6. Ukukhwelana kwenzeka kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuMeyi, lapho amaduna alwela khona abesifazane.
Insikazi ivame ukuzala izinyane elilodwa, okungenani amabili, lokhu kungenzeka kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-4. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-360, ingane esanda kuzalwa inesisindo esingama-30 kg bese idla ubisi lukamama kuze kube unyaka owodwa.
Insikazi ivikela inzalo kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu, ize iqale ukukhulisa amazinyo e-canine nawo angazitholela wona ukudla. Lapho eneminyaka emibili, angadla ukudla okuhlukahlukene, kepha futhi uyaqhubeka nokuphuza ubisi lukanina. Isikhathi sokuphila Izilwane zase-Arctic ama-walrus uneminyaka engama-30, okuyiminyaka engama-20 ayakhula. Ubudala obukhulu buyaziwa - iminyaka engama-35.
Isibalo sabantu bonke bama-walrus emhlabeni siyizinkulungwane ezingama-250 kuphela, kanti izinhlobo zeLaptene, ezibhalwe kuRed Book, zinabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-20 kuphela. Lesi simo senzeka ngenxa yokuzingela ngezebhizinisi.
Babezingelwa ikakhulukazi emazinyweni abo, okwenziwa kuwo izibambo zezikhali nobuciko obuhlukahlukene. Abantu bendawo basebenzisa izikhumba nenyama. Okwamanje, ukuzingela ngenjongo yokuhweba nokudoba ngenhloso yokuhweba akuvumelekile emhlabeni wonke, kuphela labo abakudala okuyindlela yokuphila kubo abavunyelwe.
Esithombeni, i-walrus enengane
Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-Chukchi, ama-Eskimo, njll., Adla inyama ye-walrus, asebenzise amanoni ukukhanyisa, amazinyo wezandla njengengxenye yenganekwane. Izinguquko zesimo sezulu emhlabeni jikelele nazo zibe nomthelela kubantu base-walrus, ngenxa yokushisa, ubukhulu beqhwa lamaphakethe, lapho ama-walrus akha khona ama-rookeries abo, anciphile.
Iphakethe leqhwa iqhwa elikhukhulekile elenziwe ngomuntu osekudlule umjikelezo weminyaka emibili womkhenkce. Njengomphumela wokuncibilika kwalawa maqhwa, ibanga phakathi “kwendawo yokuphumula” nendawo yokufunela ukudla selikhuphukile, ngakho-ke amawundlu kufanele alinde isikhathi eside kunina, okwenza kamuva kwehlise umsebenzi wawo wokuzala.
Lokhu kuqinisekiswa - ogwini oluseduze naseSan Francisco, izinsalela ze-walrus zatholakala, iminyaka yabo icishe ibe yiminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezingama-30, lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi phambilini babesakazwa eningizimu.
