I-Axolotl - Lesi yisibungu se-ambistoma, esinye sezinhlobo zasemisileni ezinomsila. Isimo se-neoteny sivela kulesi silwane esimangalisayo (kusuka esiGrekini. "Intsha, ukuzelula").
Ukushoda ngofuzo kwe-hormone thyroidin kuvimbela i- amphibian ukuba isuke esigabeni sesibungu iye kumuntu omdala ngokugcwele. Ngakho-ke, ama-axolotls ahlala kulesi sigaba, afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi kanye namandla okuzala kabusha, ngaphandle kokwenza i-metamorphosis.
Ama-Axolotls ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuthi yizibungu ezinamagama ezinhlobo ezimbili: I-ambistoma yaseMexico ne-tiger ambistoma. Endle, i-ambist ingatholakala ngezinhlobo ezimbili - i-neotenic (ngesimo sesibungu), nasemhlabeni (umuntu omdala othuthukile).
Izici nokubukeka kwe-axolotl
Kuhunyushwe ngokoqobo, i-axolotl "iyinja yamanzi" noma "isilo samanzi". Vuliwe isithombe i-axolotl alibukeki lisongela. Esikhundleni salokho, ubukeka njengodrako omuhle wesilwane. Lokhu kufana kunikezwa i-axolotl ngamabhangqa amathathu alinganayo ahamba phambili ekhanda lombhede, afana namahlumela aluhlaza.
Zisiza isilwane ukuthi siphefumule ngaphansi kwamanzi. I-Axolotl ingeyalezo zinhlobo ezingandile zama-amphibian, okuthi, ngaphezu kwama-gill, nawo abe namaphaphu. Isilwane sishintshela ekuphefumuleni kwamaphaphu lapho izimo zendawo zihlala khona, noma umoya-mpilo emanzini awenele empilweni ejwayelekile.
Ngokusebenzisa isikhathi eside ukuphefumula okunjalo, i-gill atrophy. Kepha i-axolotl ayikwesabi lokhu. Udrako omncane unamandla okuvuselela izicubu zawo futhi, uma kunesidingo, imishayo ingavuseleleka.
Ukubukeka okuhle kwe "monster yamanzi" kunikezwa ngamehlo amancane ayindilinga ezinhlangothini zomlomo oyisicaba nomlomo obanzi ezansi kwekhanda. Kubukeka sengathi i-axolotl ihlala imomotheka, ifika ngemimoya emihle kakhulu.
Izibungu ze-Ambistoma, njengawo wonke ama-amphibian, ziyizilwane ezidla ezinye. Amazinyo esilwane mancane futhi abukhali. Umsebenzi wabo ukubamba, hhayi ukudabula ukudla. Ubude be-axolotl bufinyelela ku-30-35 cm, abesifazane bancane kancane. Umsila omude, othuthuke kahle usiza i-amphibian ihambe kalula emanzini.
I-axolotl ichitha ingxenye enkulu yesikhathi ezansi. Amaphara amabili agcina ngeminwe emide, abambelela ngayo ematsheni ukuze awaphushe lapho enyakaza. Endaweni yazo yemvelo, okuvame kakhulu ngama-axolotls ansundu, nophizi abansundu abasakazeke emzimbeni.
Ama-axolotl asekhaya imvamisa imhlophe (albino) noma imnyama. Ngenxa yezici zazo, lezi zilwane zinentshisekelo enkulu kwimibuthano yesayensi. Kumalabhorethri imibandela yokugcina i-axolotl eduze kwemvelo. Ama-Amphibians azala kahle, ejabulisa ososayensi ngemibala emisha yesikhumba.
Indawo ye-Axolotl
Ama-Axolotls ajwayelekile emachibini aseMexico - iXochimilco neChalco. Ngaphambi kokuhlasela kweSpain, abantu bendawo babedla inyama ye-ambista. Mayelana nokunambitheka, kuyefana nenyama yethenda le-eel. Kepha ohlelweni lokufuduka emadolobheni, inani lama-axolotls lehle kakhulu, okwaholela ekufakweni kwalezi zilwane ezisengozini kwiRed Book.
Izindaba ezimnandi ukuthi intulo izwa kamnandi ekhaya. I-Axolotl ingenye yezilwane ezifuywayo ezivame kakhulu kubathandi be-aquarium basemanzini.
Endle, ama-axolotls achitha impilo yawo yonke emanzini. Bakhetha izindawo ezijulile ezinamanzi abandayo nenqwaba yohlaza. Amachibi aseMexico, aneziqhingi ezintantayo nemifudlana yezindawo ezixhumanisa imisele, abe izindlu ezinhle zamadragoni asemanzini.
Indawo yokuhlala yama-axolotls ibanzi impela - cishe amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-10, okwenza kube nzima ukubala ngokunembile abantu abasele.
Ukugcina i-axolotl ekhaya
Inkinga enkulu nge ukugcina i-axolotl ekhaya kuzogcina ukushisa okuthile kwamanzi. Izilwane zizizwa kahle emazingeni okushisa kusuka ku-15-20C. Uphawu lomngcele ngu-23C. Ukugcwaliswa kwamanzi komoya-mpilo kuncike ekushiseni kwawo.
Uma amanzi efudumele kakhulu, isilwane siqala ukugula. Kunconywa ukufaka i-axolotl ku-aquarium imishini yokupholisa amanzi, kepha futhi ungasebenzisa iseluleko sabafuyi bezinhlanga abazinakekelayo.
Ibhodlela lepulasitiki lamanzi afriziwe lehliselwa emanzini, ngaleyo ndlela lehlise izinga lokushisa eliphelele e-aquarium. Ibhodlela lesibili kufanele lihlale lilungile efrijini.
Lapho ukhetha isitsha sokugcina i-axolotl, qhubeka ukusuka kumthamo wamalitha angama-40-50 isilwane ngasinye. Amanzi agcwele ubulukhuni obuphakathi noma obuphakeme, obuhlanzwe kusuka ku-chlorine.
Isingezansi se-aquarium simbozwe isihlabathi somfula, singeza amatshe ambalwa aphakathi nendawo. Akunconyelwe ukusebenzisa amatshe amancane, ngoba ama-axolotls nawo agwinya inhlabathi kanye nokudla.
Uma isihlabathi sishiya umzimba ngokukhululekile, amatshe amancane angavala uhlelo lwangaphandle lwe-amphibian, okuholela emiphumeleni emibi yesilwane. Ama-Axolotls ayathanda ukucasha ezindaweni zokucasha, ngakho-ke qiniseka ukuthi kunezindawo ezifihlekile e-aquarium.
Ngenxa yalokhu, izinkuni zokukhukhumeza, izimbiza, amatshe amakhulu afanelekile. Iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi zonke izinto kufanele zihlehliswe. Izindawo ezicijile namakhona zilimaza kalula isikhumba esibucayi se-amphibian.
Ukuba khona kwezitshalo ku-aquarium nakho kubaluleke kakhulu. Ama-Axolotls abekela amaqanda ngeziqu zawo namaqabunga ngenkathi yokuzalanisa. Izinguquko zamanzi zenziwa kanye ngesonto. Ingxenye yevolumu iyathululwa futhi yengezwe ngamanzi amasha.
Khipha ithangi njalo ngenyanga bese uhlanza jikelele. Kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu ukushiya izinsalela zokudla nemfihlo yemvelo yezilwane ezifuywayo emanzini. Lapho izinto eziphilayo zibola, kukhishwa izinto ezithinta kabi impilo ye-amphibian.
Iqukethe i-axolotl ku-aquarium kuyadingeka ngokuhlukile kwezinye izakhamuzi zasemanzini, kufaka phakathi izinhlanzi. Izifo zikadrako nesikhumba esincanyana kungahlaselwa, kudale umonakalo odala ukungaphatheki kahle, kokunye, nokufa. Okuwukuphela kokuhlukile yi-fishfish.
Ukuzaliswa kokudla okunomsoco kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukuba yi-amphibian eyingozi, i-axolotl isebenzisa amaprotheni wokudla. Ngenjabulo udla izikelemu, amaphela, amakhilikithi, inyama yezimbaza kanye nezimfanzi, ukudla okomile kwezilwane ezidla izinyamazana ngendlela yamaphilisi. Akuthandeki ukunikeza intulo izinhlanzi, ngoba eziningi zazo zithwala izifo ezahlukahlukene, futhi ama-axolotls athinteka kakhulu kuzo.
Inyama yaseMammalia ayivunyelwe. Isisu sikadrako asikwazi ukugaya amaprotheni atholakala enyameni enjalo. Ukukhiqiza kulula ngokwanele. Abantu bobulili obuhlukile babekwa ku-aquarium eyodwa. Owesilisa nowesilisa bayahluka ngosayizi we-cloaca.
I-cloaca ephawuleka kakhulu futhi evelayo ikwesilisa. Ihlehlisiwe futhi icishe ingabonakali - kowesifazane. Ngemuva kokudlala ngothando okwesikhashana, owesilisa ukhipha amahlule e-spermatophore. Owesifazane uwaqoqa kusuka phansi nge-cloaca yakhe futhi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa abekela amaqanda avundisiwe ngefry emaqabungeni ezitshalo.
Kuya nge izimo, ama-axolotls- izingane zichanyuselwa ekukhanyeni emasontweni amabili kuya kwamathathu. Izingane zondliwa nge-brine shrimp naupilia kanye nezikelemu ezincane. I-Daphnia nayo iwukudla okufanele ngalesi sikhathi.
Endaweni yazo yemvelo, ama-axolotls anempilo efinyelela eminyakeni engama-20. Uma kugcinwa ekhaya - isikhathi sokuphila sihhafu. Thenga i-axolotl ingatholakala ezitolo zezilwane ezigxile ekuthengisweni kwezilwane ezifuywayo zasemanzini: izinhlanzi nezilwane ezihlala emanzini nasemanzini.
Izitolo eziku-inthanethi nazo zinikeza ithuba lokuthenga i-aquarium izinhlanzi ze-axolotl. Intengo ye-Axolotl iyahlukahluka kusuka kuma-ruble angama-300 ngesibungu ngasinye, futhi ngaphakathi kwama-ruble ayi-1000 ngomuntu omdala ngamunye.
