Izici nendawo yokuhlala i-asp yenyoka
I-asp (evela eLatin Elapidae) ingumndeni omkhulu kakhulu wezilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezinobuthi. Lo mndeni uhlanganisa izizukulwane ezingaphezu kwamashumi ayisithupha, ezibandakanya izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-350.
Zonke zihlukaniswe imindeni emibili eyinhloko - izinyoka zasolwandle (ezivela eLatin Hydrophiinae) no-Elapinae (izinyoka zamakhorali, izimfezi nabanye). Abamele abakhulu nabadume kakhulu inyoka asp yilezi:
- izimfene, kufaka phakathi ezasebukhosini, ezasemanzini, i-corymb, ukhololo, i-arboreal, ugwadule, amanga nezinye izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo;
- izingwe nezinyoka ezibulalayo;
- amanga, umqhele, ama-asps amaFijian ahlotshisiwe;
- i-denisonia;
- ama-taipans.
Lo mndeni uhlanganisa neminye imikhakha eminingi nezinhlobo zezinyoni zamanzi ezinobuthi nezinyoka zomhlaba. Ukubukeka nosayizi kuhluke kakhulu ezinhlotsheni eziningi.
Esithombeni, inyoka esempumalanga
Ubude bomzimba buqala ngamasentimitha angama-30-40 ezinhlotsheni ezincane kunazo zonke kuze kufike kumamitha angu-5-6 kubamele abakhulu. Umbala wesikali wehlukile, kepha ezinhlotsheni eziningi, imibala yesihlabathi, nsundu nangokuluhlaza, iyona evelele.
Izinhlobo ezincane zinemibala engeyona eye-monotone ngesimo samasongo ashintshanayo anemibala ehlukahlukene emnyama, ebomvu nephuzi, njengaku izinyoka zamakhorali... Izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoka ezinjalo zinombala ozivumela ukuba zifihle kahle endaweni ezihlala kuyo.
Zonke izinhlobo izinyoka zezinyoka zinobuthi... Ngobuthi obuningi babo, ososayensi sebevele sebenayo imishanguzo. Ubuthi bukhishwa emzimbeni wenyoka futhi budluliswa ngemigudu iye emazinyweni ngosizo lokuncipha kwemisipha.
Inyoka yeCoral esithombeni
Amazinyo anobuthi kuzo zonke izinhlobo izinyoka zomndeni we-asp ezimbili, futhi enye yazo iyasebenza, kanti eyesibili, njengoba kunjengokungukuthi, iyisipele uma kungenzeka ilahlekelwe eyokuqala. Uma ulunywa emgodini wezinyo, ubuthi bungena emzimbeni wesisulu, okhubazeke ngemuva kwemizuzwana embalwa bese ufa ungenamandla okuphefumula nokunyakaza.
Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, izinyoka azinyakazi isikhathi eside zilindele ukuvela kwesisulu sazo, futhi lapho kutholakala, zenza ukuhlaselwa kombani ohlangothini lwayo ngokushesha kudlule futhi kulume ukudla kwazo kwesikhathi esizayo. Isikhathi sokuzingela kanye "nokugxuma" okubulalayo kungabonakala kokuningi izinyoka zezinyoka etholakala kuwebhu ye-inthanethi ebanzi.
Abamele lo mndeni basatshalaliswa kuwo wonke amazwekazi eplanethi yethu ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo (ngaphandle kwaseYurophu). Isibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke sise-Afrika nase-Australia, njengoba izinyoka zithanda isimo sezulu esifudumele nesishisayo.
Esithombeni, inyoka ye-harlequin
Kulawa mazwekazi, kutholakala i-90% yazo zonke izinhlobo zezinyoka ezikhona, phakathi kwazo kunezinhlobo ezingavamile zokugqekeza izinyoka. Muva nje, lo mndeni usuzinze eMelika nase-Asia, lapho umelwe yizinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye kuphela, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezingaba ngamashumi ayisishiyagalombili.
Ama-asps ayaziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kusuka ezinganekwaneni. Abantu abaningi emhlabeni basebenzisa leli gama ezinganekwaneni zabo, kufaka phakathi ukuthi bakhona ezinganekwaneni zamaSlav asendulo. Ngaleli gama, amaSlav abhabhadisa inunu ethile endizayo ebukeka njengodrako - umkhiqizo wobumnyama nendodana kaChernobog, owayephethe ibutho elimnyama.
Abantu babebesaba futhi bebahlonipha, babalethela imihlatshelo ngendlela yezilwane ezifuywayo nezinyoni. Ngokuzayo, leli gama lidlulele enyokeni, njengomunye wabamele abaphezulu bezilwane eziletha ukufa.
Esithombeni inyoka yase-Arizona
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yenyoka asp
Iningi lohlobo nezinhlobo zalezi zinyoka ziyashona, zisebenzisa isikhathi sazo esiningi zizingela ukudla kwazo kwesikhathi esizayo. Futhi kuphela ngezikhathi ezishisa kakhulu lapho bengahamba bayozingela ebusuku lapho kungekho langa elikhipha umkhovu etsheni.
Izinhlobo eziningi kuhlala izinyoka budebuduze nezindawo okuhlala kuzo abantu, ngoba kulezi zindawo kunenqwaba yezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, okuyizona ngokuyinhloko ezakha isabelo sokudla sezinyoka. Ngakho-ke, ukufa kwabantu abavela ukulunywa yinyoka yobuthi kwezinyoka emazweni lapho atholakala khona kakhulu.
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-asps azinabantu abanolaka futhi zikhetha ukungathinti abantu, zihlasela kuphela ukuzivikela kanye nenzalo yazo. Kepha kukhona nezinhlobo ezingenabungani kakhulu ezingahlasela ngaphandle kokubona noma iyiphi ingozi evela kubantu.
Esithombeni inyoka yaseGibhithe
Abantu bendawo bayazivikela kulezi zilwane ngokugqoka amabhuzu aphakeme nezingubo eziqinile, ezijiyile ezingenakulunywa yizinyoka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuthi kuthengwe i-antidote ezinhlotsheni eziningi zalezi zinyoka kubo bonke abelaphi bendawo.
Akuzona zonke izinhlobo ze-asps ezinoshevu obulalayo kubantu, umzimba wethu ubekezelela ubuthi obungenamphumela obulalayo, kepha kunesimo esibuhlungu somzimba. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikelwa nokuqapha akubalulekanga kokugcina kulezi zindawo.
Inyoka yokudla inyoka
Ngokudla inyoka yokudla inyoka ihlukaniswe yaba amakamu amabili. Izinyoka zomhlaba zidla izilwane ezincelisayo ezinjengamagundane, amagundane namanye amagundane. Ezinye izinhlobo zidla izibankwa ezincane, izinyoni namaqanda azo. Abamele emanzini, ngaphezu kwamagundane, badla izinhlanzi ezincane kanye ne-squid.
Esithombeni kunenyoka emnyama
Ngosuku, inyoka enesilinganiso esimaphakathi yanele ngokwanele ukuthi idle igundane elilodwa ukuze iphile, kepha uma kungenzeka, umhlaseli uzosebenzisa izilwane eziningana ukuze zisetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo futhi zizogaywa ngaphakathi izinsuku ezimbalwa. Lolu hlobo lwenyoka alunanto efana nokudla ngokweqile.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila se-asp yenyoka
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-asps ziyi-oviparous. Zimbalwa kuphela, ngokwesibonelo, i-collar cobra yase-Afrika, ezi-viviparous. Umlingani wezinyoka ezinobuthi entwasahlobo (kwehlukile kumazwekazi ahlukene).
Bafinyelela ebusheni ngeminyaka engu-1-2, kuya ngohlobo. Ngaphambi kokukhwelana, cishe yonke imikhakha inezimpi zokukhwelana zabesilisa, lapho okuqine kakhulu kunqoba ilungelo lokuba nesifazane.
Ukuthwala amaphuphu kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezintathu. Inani elilinganiselwe lemidlwane kudoti lihluka lisuka ku-15 liye ku-60. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoka zizalela amaqanda izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka.
Encwadini yenyoka enekhola yesithombe
Isikhathi sezinyoka ze-asps sincike ezinhlotsheni nasezindaweni ezihlala kuzo, kepha ngokwesilinganiso kusuka eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu kuya kwengamashumi amabili. Ezinye izinhlobo ziphila isikhathi eside. Akuwona wonke ama-terrarium nama-zoo emhlabeni anezinyoka zomndeni we-asp emaqoqweni awo ngenxa yobunzima bokugcinwa kwawo kanye nengozi esongela abasebenzi.
Ezweni lakithi, kune-terrarium enezimfezi eNovosibirsk Zoo, ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwezivakashi zalesi sikhungo. Kaningi amaseksi athola izinyoka ezinjalo futhi anikeze izilaleli ukusebenza okuhle ngokubamba iqhaza kwabo.
Izikhungo ezinkulu zezokwelapha ziqukethe izinyoka zokukhipha ubuthi bazo nokuqhubeka nokuzicubungula zibe yimithi esiza abantu abasezifweni eziningi ezibucayi, kufaka phakathi ngosizo lwezidakamizwa ezisuselwa kubuthi benyoka, belapha i-oncology, okuyisishayo sekhulu lamashumi amabili nanye leminyaka.
