UMallard yizinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zamadada omfula, ezingeka-oda le-Anseriformes (noma i-lamellar-billed). Kubhekwa njengokhokho wazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobo zamadada afuywayo, futhi namuhla kuyizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu phakathi kwamanye amalungu omndeni angatholakala phakathi kwezilwane zasekhaya.
UMallard drake
Imivubukulo yanamuhla yemivubukulo iveze iqiniso lokuthi ukuzalanisa idada le-mallard abantu baseGibhithe lasendulo nabo babebandakanyekile, ngakho-ke umlando walezi zinyoni ucebile kakhulu futhi unemicimbi.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Idada laseMallard inobukhulu obuqinile, nobude bomzimba wabo bufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-65. Iphiko lamaphiko lisuka ku-80 cm kuye kumitha elilodwa, kanti isisindo sisuka ku-650 amagremu kuye kukhilogremu elilodwa nohhafu.
UMallard drake kuthathwa njengomnikazi womunye wemibala emihle kakhulu phakathi kwabo bonke abanye abamele umndeni omkhulu wedada, futhi unekhanda nentamo eluhlaza okotshani ngombala "wensimbi". Isifuba sibomvu ngokubomvu, ukhololo umhlophe. Izinyoni zabo bobabili ubulili nazo zinohlobo "lwesibuko", esitholakala ngqo ephikweni futhi linqunywe umugqa omhlophe ngezansi.
Bheka nje isithombe se-mallard, ukuthola umbono wokuvela kwabesifazane nabesilisa. Eqinisweni, unyaka wonke banokubukeka okuhle futhi "okubukekayo", okukulahlekisela kuphela ngesikhathi se-molt yonyaka.
I-mallard yesilisa
Izidladla zezinyoni ngokuvamile ziwolintshi ngombala, zinolwelwesi olubomvu. Umbala ogqamile ezimpapheni zabesifazane unsundu. Ngokuvamile, banesizotha ngokwengeziwe ngokubukeka nosayizi kunamadrake.
UMallard akuyona nje kuphela uhlobo olukhulu lomndeni wedada, kodwa futhi luvame kakhulu. Indawo ehlala kuyo ibanzi kakhulu, futhi ingatholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwase-Antarctica.
Inyoni mallardehlala eMiddle East, eNyakatho Afrika, eziqhingini zaseJapan, e-Afghanistan, e-Iran, emithambekeni eseningizimu yezintaba ze-Himalaya, ezifundazweni eziningi zaseChina, eGreenland, e-Iceland, eNew Zealand, eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika, eHawaii, eNgilandi nase EScotland.
EYurophu nasensimini enkulu yaseRussia, i-mallard itholakala cishe yonke indawo. Ihlala kakhulu emadamini ahlukahlukene emvelo nawokuzenzela (phakathi kwamachibi, izigxobo, amachibi nemifula), futhi ugu lwawo kufanele lumbozwe ngamahlathi aminyene, ngaphandle kwalokhu laba bameleli bomndeni wedada abakwazi ukucabanga ngokuphila okunethezekile.
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi ugu lwedamu lube ngamatshe angenalutho noma ama-rock outcrops, i-mallard ngeke ihlale endaweni yayo. Ezindaweni zamanzi ezingabandi futhi ezindaweni zokupaka, lezi zinyoni zingatholakala unyaka wonke, lapho zivame ukondliwa ngabantu abadlula ngendlela nezivakashi ezivamile.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Idada laseMallard, selokhu lazalwa, lihlala endaweni yesigubhu lapho lazalelwa khona. Ngokuqala kwekwindla, bavame ukwenza izindiza zakusihlwa eziya emasimini (ezihlwanyelwe ukolweni, amabele, i-oats, uphizi nokunye okusanhlamvu) ukuze badle okusanhlamvu.
Laba bameleli bezinyoni bangenza futhi ubusuku "ama-forays" emizimbeni emincane yamanzi ukuze bathole umthombo omusha wokudla. Kugcinwa imallard yasendle zombili ngazinye futhi ziduka ngababili noma ngemihlambi. Ukundiza kwezinyoni kuhlukaniswa ngejubane layo nomsindo owenziwe ngamaphiko ayo.
Lezi zinyoni azithandi ukudilika, ziphoqeleka ukuba zicashe ngaphansi kwamanzi kuphela uma kunengozi noma ukulimala okusobala. Ebusweni bomhlaba, bakhetha ukuhamba ngokungatatazeli nangokuzamazama, kodwa-ke, uma bemethusa noma bemthinta ngesibhamu sokuzingela, uqala ukugijima ngokushesha, ehamba enyakaza ngasogwini.
Izwi likaMallard amabanga kusuka ku- "quack" owaziwa kakhulu (kwabesifazane) kuya kumsindo we-velvety muffled (kwabesilisa). Idada iMallard lingathengwa bobabili abanikazi bamapulazi, ngoba lezi zinyoni zibubekezelela ngokuphelele ubusika ezimeni ezenziwe ngokwazo, kanye nabazingeli, abavame ukuthenga idada le-mallard ukuze liqhubeke lithengiswa noma lizingelwe.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Okuvamile futhi impunga mallard dla kakhulu izinhlanzi ezincane, gazinga, izimila ezahlukahlukene zasemanzini, ulwelwe nokunye ukudla okufanayo. Ehlobo, badla izibungu zomiyane, ezinikeza insizakalo ebaluleke kakhulu ku-eco-balance, futhi ikakhulukazi kubantu.
Amadada aseMallard angena ngaphansi kwamanzi efuna ukudla
Imvamisa lezi zinyoni zenza "ama-forays" emasimini aseduze, zidla nge-buckwheat, amabele, i-oats, ibhali nokunye okusanhlamvu. Bangakwazi futhi ukumba ngqo emhlabathini zonke izinhlobo zezilimo eziyizigaxa zezitshalo ezikhula zizungeze imizimba yamanzi nasemadlelweni aseduze.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Le nyoni yakha izidleke khona kanye phakathi kohlaza lwaselwandle oluchumayo, yenze izindawo zayo zokuhlala zingatholakali kubantu nakwezinye izilwane. Njengoba sezifinyelele eminyakeni yobudala yonyaka owodwa, ama-mallards asekulungele ukukhwelana nokuzalanisa. Amabili abunjwa ngqo ekwindla, futhi imvamisa achitha ubusika ndawonye. Isikhathi sokuzalisa sincike endaweni yokuhlala, futhi imvamisa iqala kusukela maphakathi nentwasahlobo kuye ngasekupheleni kwehlobo.
Idrake nowesifazane ndawonye bayahlanganyela ekwakhiweni kwesidleke, futhi kufanele kube seduze kwamanzi, futhi kuyicindezelo elincane, elingezansi kwalo limbozwe nezinsalela zohlaza olomile. Phakathi naso sonke isikhathi sokubeka, idrake lihlola ukuphepha kowesifazane nesidleke, kepha nini amaqanda emallard, ushiya indawo yokuhlala ku-moult.
Umama mallard onamantshontsho
Kwi-clutch eyodwa, insikazi iyakwazi ukuletha ukusuka emaqanda ayisishiyagalombili kuye kwayishumi nambili, okuthe, ngemuva kwesikhashana esingaphansi kwenyanga, iqale ukuvela amadada amadada... Ngokwezwi namahora ayi-10 ngemuva kokuzalwa, umama uthatha ingane encane ayise emanzini, bese kuthi ezinyangeni ezimbili amaphuphu aqale impilo yawo yokuzimela. Endle, isikhathi sokuphila se-mallard siyiminyaka eyi-15 kuya kwengu-20. Ekuthunjweni, izinyoni zingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-25 noma ngaphezulu.
