Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo i-cormorant
Cormorant (kusuka ku-Latin Phalacrocorax) inyoni enezimpiko ezinesisindo esiphakathi nendawo futhi enkulu evela ku-oda lephimpi. Umndeni uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-40 izinyoni cormorant.
Le yinyoni yasolwandle ehlala kuwo wonke amazwekazi oMhlaba wethu. Ukuhlushwa okuyinhloko kwalezi zilwane kwenzeka ngasogwini lolwandle nolwandle, kodwa futhi nendawo yokuhlala yezinhlobo ezithile kungamabhange emifula namachibi. Ake sitshele okuncane ngezinhlobonhlobo zama-cormorants ahlala endaweni yeRussian Federation. Sezizonke, izinhlobo eziyisithupha zihlala ezweni lethu:
— amakhala amade noma ngenye indlela i-crested cormorant (kusuka ku-Latin Phalacrocorax aristotelis) - indawo yokuhlala isogwini loLwandle Olumhlophe nolweBarents;
— i-bering cormorant (kusuka eLatin Phalacrocorax pelagicus) - uhlala eSakhalin naseziQhingini zaseKuril;
— i-cormorant ebhekene nobomvu (kusuka ku-Latin Phalacrocorax urile) - uhlobo olucishe luphele, olutholakala esiqhingini seCopper seRidge Commander;
— i-cormorant yaseJapan (kusuka ku-Latin Phalacrocorax capillatus) - ibanga lingaseningizimu yePrimorsky Krai kanye ne-Kuril Islands;
— cormorant (kusuka ku-Latin Phalacrocorax carbo) - uhlala osebeni lolwandle olumnyama nolweMedithera, kanye nasePrimorye naseLake Baikal;
— cormorant (kusuka kuLatin Phalacrocorax pygmaeus) - uhlala ogwini loLwandle i-Azov naseCrimea.
Esithombeni kuqhamuke i-cormorant
Isakhiwo somzimba we-cormorant sikhulu kakhulu, sinesimo se-oblong, ubude bufinyelela imitha enamaphiko wamamitha ayi-1.2-1.5. Isisindo somuntu omdala sale nyoni sisukela kwamakhilogremu amathathu kuya kwamathathu nohhafu.
Ikhanda elinomlomo omise okwegwegwe ogobile enqeni lisentanyeni ende. Umlomo uqobo awunawo amakhala. Ngokwakheka kwamehlo alezi zinyoni kukhona ulwelwesi olubizwa ngokuthi ukucwayiza, olubavumela ukuba bahlale ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi eside (kuze kube yimizuzu emibili). Futhi, izinyawo ezine-webbed, ezitholakala kude ngemuva komzimba, zisiza ama-cormorants ukuthi abe emanzini nangaphansi kwamanzi.
Ekundizeni, amaphiko ayo esabalele, ukwakheka komzimba wekhormorant kubukeka njengesiphambano esimnyama, esibukeka sithakazelisa sibhekene nesibhakabhaka esiluhlaza. Umbala wezimpaphe zezinyoni eziningi umnyama, eduze kwamnyama, amathoni.
Ngokuya ngohlobo, kunezindawo zamathoni wokukhanya ahlukene ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomzimba, ikakhulukazi esiswini nasekhanda. Okuwukuphela kwento eyodwa engavamile kakhulu - i-cormorant emhlophe, efanekiselwa lenyoni ungabona izimpaphe ezimhlophe zomzimba wonke. Kwa izincazelo zezinyoni ezikhulukazi ungakuqonda ukuthi awunawo umusa okhethekile, kepha kuseluhlobo lwempahla yolwandle.
Isimo kanye nendlela yokuphila yecormorant
Ama-cormorants ayashintsha. Izinyoni zichitha iningi lesikhathi sazo sokuvuka emanzini noma emgqeni osogwini, zizifunela ukudla kwazo namachwane azo. Zibhukuda ngokushesha okukhulu nangama-nimbly, zishintsha indlela yokuhamba ngosizo lomsila wazo, osebenza njengohlobo lwe-keel.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-cormorants, azingela ukudla, angacwila ngokujulile, acwilise emanzini ukujula kwamamitha ayi-10-15. Kepha emhlabathini zibukeka zingahambi kahle, zihamba kancane zingene ekuphahlazekeni.
Izinhlobo ezithile kuphela ezihlala phansi, iningi lezinyoni libalekela ebusika esimweni sezulu esifudumele, bese zibuyela ezindaweni zazo zangaphambili esidlekeni. Ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke bahlala emakoloni kwesinye isikhathi ngisho behlangene neminye imindeni enezimpaphe, ngokwesibonelo, ngama-gulls noma ama-tern. Ngakho-ke, ama-cormorants angabizwa kalula njengezinyoni zomphakathi.
Ezikhathini zakamuva eJapan, abantu bendawo basebenzise ama-cormorant ukubamba izinhlanzi. Bafaka indandatho ngentambo eboshelwe entanyeni yabo base bebadedela emanzini. Le nyoni ibambe inhlanzi, indandatho iyivimbele ukuthi ingagwinyi isisulu sayo, kamuva esathathwa ngumuntu. Ngakho-ke, ngalezo zinsuku eJapane thenga inyoni ye-cormorant kungenzeka cishe kunoma iyiphi imakethe yendawo. Njengamanje, le ndlela yokudoba ayisetshenzisiwe.
Kufaka phakathi ngoba ezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile zalezi zinyoni zivikelwe umthetho futhi zibhalwe ku-Red and International Red Book. Ochungechungeni lwemali yotshalo-mali yaseRussia "Red Book" ngo-2003, kukhishwe iruble yesiliva isithombe senyoni ekhulu ngokusakazwa kwezingcezu eziyi-10 000.
Ukudla okumnandi
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwama-cormorants izinhlanzi ezincane naphakathi nendawo. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi ama-molluscs, ama-crustaceans, amaxoxo, izibankwa nezinyoka zingena ekudleni. Uqhwaku lwalezi zinyoni lungavuleka lubanzi, olubavumela ukuthi bagwinye inhlanzi ephelele, baphakamise ikhanda labo.
Kunamavidiyo amaningi futhi isithombe se-cormorant bird ngesikhathi sokubamba nokudla izinhlanzi kungumbono ohehayo impela. Le nyoni iyabhukuda, yehlisela ikhanda layo emanzini futhi ngokungazelelwe, njenge-torpedo, icwile ekujuleni kwesiziba, kuthi ngemuva kwemizuzwana embalwa ibhukude ngamamitha ayi-10 ukusuka kule ndawo ngesilwane esisemlonyeni wayo, itshekise ikhanda layo phezulu igwinye ngokuphelele inhlanzi ebanjiwe noma i-crustacean. Umuntu omkhulu wale nyoni uyakwazi ukudla cishe uhhafu wekhilogremu lokudla ngosuku.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila se-cormorant
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwama-cormorants kwenzeka ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila. Isikhathi sokuzalela senzeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (Mashi, Ephreli, Meyi). Uma izinhlobo zezinambuzane zifuduka, khona-ke zifika endaweni yokwakha izidleke ngazimbili esezakhiwe kakade, uma kuyizinhlobo ezihlala phansi, khona-ke ngalesi sikhathi zihlukana ngababili endaweni yazo.
Lezi zinyoni zakha isidleke sazo ngamagatsha namaqabunga ezihlahla nezihlahla. Itholakala endaweni ephakeme - ezihlahleni, ematsheni asogwini nasemadwaleni. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, ama-cormorants agqoka lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukukhwelana. Futhi, kuze kube umzuzu wokukhwelana, kwenziwa isiko lokukhwelana, lapho imibhangqwana eyakhiwe ihlela imidanso, imemezana.
Lalela izwi le-cormorant
Amaqanda abekwa esidlekeni isikhathi esisodwa emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, ku-clutch kuvame ukuba namaqanda amathathu kuya kwamahlanu aluhlaza. Ukufukamela kwenzeka kungakapheli inyanga, emva kwalokho amachwane amancane aqanduselwa emhlabeni, angenazo izimpaphe futhi angakwazi ukuhamba ngokuzimela.
Ngaphambi kokubaleka, okwenzeka ezinyangeni ezi-1-2, amaphuphu ondliwa ngokuphelele ngabazali bawo. Ngemuva kokuvela kwezimpaphe nangaphambi kokuba ama-cormorant amancane afunde ukundiza ngokwawo, abazali bawafundisa ukuthola ukudla, kepha ungabaphonsi empilweni ezimele, beletha ukudla kokudla. Isikhathi sokuphila se-cormorants side kakhulu ezinyonini futhi singafinyelela eminyakeni eyi-15-20 ubudala.
