I-Acropora millepora ingeyehlobo lweCreeping, umndeni we-Acropora.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-acropora ye-millepora.
I-Acropora yaseMillepora ibusa kakhulu ezixhotsheni zamakhorali oLwandlekazi lwaseNdiya nolweNtshonalanga yePacific. Lezi zinhlobo zisatshalaliswa emanzini angajulile asezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNingizimu Afrika enyakatho oLwandle Olubomvu, empumalanga entshonalanga yolwandle iPacific Ocean.
Izindawo zokuhlala ze-Acropora Millepora.
I-Acropora yaseMillepora yakha izixhobo zamanzi ezingaphansi kwamanzi ezinamakhorali amaningi emanzini amnyama ngokumangazayo, kufaka phakathi izixhobo ezisogwini zeziqhingi nezwekazi. Leli qiniso lokuhlala kwamakhorali emanzini angacacisi kangako lisikisela ukuthi izindawo zasemanzini ezingcolisiwe akuzona neze eziyingozi kuma-coral. I-Acropora yase Millepora iyinhlobo ephikisana neziduli eziphansi. Le mifula inezinga lokukhula kancane koloni, elinganciphisa usayizi wekoloni futhi liholele kuzinguquko kumafomu amafomu. Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi kubambezela ukukhula, imetabolism futhi kunciphisa ukuzala. Inhlabathi emanzini iyisimo sokucindezela esinciphisa inani lokukhanya nezinga le-photosynthesis. Isidumbu siphinda siminyanise izicubu zamakhorali.
I-Acropora yeMillepora iba ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhanya okwanele. Ukukhanya kuvame ukubonwa njengesici esikhawulela ukujula okuphezulu kokukhula kwamakhorali.
Izimpawu zangaphandle ze-acropora ye-millepora.
I-Acropora yaseMillepora iyi-coral enamathambo aqinile. Le nhlobo ikhula isuke kumaseli ombungu futhi ifinyelela ku-5.1 mm ububanzi ezinyangeni eziyi-9.3. Inqubo yokukhula imile mpo, okuholela ekuhlelweni okungagudluki kwamakhorali. Ama-polyps esiqongweni esime mpo angama-1.2 kuya ku-1.5 cm ngosayizi futhi awakhiqizi, futhi amagatsha e-lateral akwazi ukukhiqiza izinqubo ezintsha. Ama-polyps akha amakoloni ngokuvamile akhombisa ubujamo obuhlukahlukene.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-Acropora Millepora.
Amakhorali e-Acropora millepora azala kabusha ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi "ukuzala kwabantu abaningi". Umcimbi omangalisayo wenzeka kanye ngonyaka, cishe ubusuku obungu-3 ekuqaleni kwehlobo, lapho inyanga ifinyelela esigabeni senyanga esigcwele. Amaqanda nesidoda kuchamisela ngasikhathi sinye kusuka kunani elikhulu lamakholoni ama-coral, amaningi awo awezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kanye nohlobo. Usayizi weColony awuthinti inani lamaqanda noma isidoda, noma ivolumu yama-testes kuma-polyps.
I-Acropora yeMellipora iyinhlobo yezinto eziphilayo ze-hermaphroditic. Ngemuva kokuthi ama-gametes angene emanzini, adlula esigabeni eside sokuthuthuka ukuze aphenduke amakhorali.
Ngemuva kokukhulelwa kanye nokukhula kombungu, ukukhula kanye nokuthuthuka kwezibungu - amapelenzi ayalandela, bese kuba khona ukuguqulwa komzimba. Esigabeni ngasinye, amathuba okusinda kwama-polyp aphansi kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yezimo zombili zezulu (umoya, amagagasi, usawoti, izinga lokushisa) kanye nezinto eziphilayo (ezidliwa yizilwane ezidla ezinye). Ukufa kwabantu abaningi kuphezulu kakhulu, yize lesi sikhathi sibalulekile empilweni yamakhorali. Ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalombili zokuqala zokuphila, cishe ama-86% ezibungu ziyafa. I-Acropora ye-millepora inesibopho sobukhulu bekoloni okumele bayifinyelele ngaphambi kokuqala ukuzala ngokocansi, imvamisa ama-polyps ayanda eneminyaka engu-1-3 ubudala.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle, ngisho nezingcezu zamakhorali ziyasinda, futhi zikhiqiza kabusha ngokobulili nangokobulili. Ukukhiqizwa kabusha ngokobulili ngokufufusa kuyisimo esivumelanayo esiguquke ngokukhethwa kwemvelo ukuthinta ukwakheka nezakhiwo zemishini yamakholoni egatsha. Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-asexual akuvamile kakhulu ku-acrapore ye-mellipore kunezinye izinhlobo zamakhorali.
Izici zokuziphatha kwe-Acropora Millepora.
Wonke amakhorali yizilwane ezi-colonial sessile. Isisekelo saleli koloni sakhiwa ngamathambo wamaminerali. Ngokwemvelo, bancintisana ne-algae ngendawo yabo yokuhlala. Ngesikhathi sokuzalanisa, ngaphandle kokuncintisana, ukukhula kwamakhorali kuncishiswa kakhulu. Ngokuncipha kwamazinga okukhula, kwakhiwa amakoloni amancane, futhi inani lama-polyps liyancipha. Isisekelo samathambo esingahlukanisiwe senziwa endaweni yokuxhumana, okwenza ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-polyps.
Ukudla okunomsoco i-Acropora Millepora.
I-Acropora Millepora ihlala ngokubambisana nama-unicellular algae futhi ifaka isikhutha. Ama-dinoflagellates afana ne-zooxanthellae ahlala emakhorali futhi awanikeze ngemikhiqizo ye-photosynthetic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhorali ayakwazi ukubamba futhi amunce izinhlayiya zokudla ezivela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-phytoplankton, i-zooplankton, namagciwane asemanzini.
Njengomthetho, lolu hlobo londla ubusuku nemini, nokuyinto engajwayelekile phakathi kwamakhorali.
Intlenga emisiwe, ukuqoqwa kwemfucumfucu, imfucumfucu yezinye izilwane, amafinyila ama-coral ahlanganiswa yi-algae namagciwane, okuvimba ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukondla kwezinhlayiyana zezinhlayiya kuhlanganisa kuphela uhhafu wekhabhoni kanye nokwesithathu kwezidingo ze-nitrogen zokukhula kwezicubu zamakhorali. Eminye imikhiqizo yama-polyps ithola kusuka ku-symbiosis ne-zooxanthellae.
Indima ye-ecosystem ye-acropora ye-millepora.
Ezingxenyeni zemvelo zezilwandle zomhlaba, kukhona ubudlelwane phakathi kwesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi samakhorali kanye nokwehluka kwezinhlanzi zasolwandle. Ukwehlukahluka kukhulu ikakhulukazi oLwandle lweCaribbean, izilwandle zase-East Asia, eGreat Barrier Reef, eduze naseMpumalanga Afrika. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi inani lekhava ephilayo yamakhorali kuthinta kahle izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo nobuningi bezinhlanzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwekoloni kungathinta izinhlanzi eziningi. Abahlali bama-Coral basebenzisa ama-coral anamagatsha njenge-Millepora Acropora njengendawo yokuhlala nokuvikelwa. Imithombo yamakhorali yandisa ukwehluka kwempilo yasolwandle.
Isimo sokongiwa kwe-acropora ye-millepora.
Amakholoni amaCoral abhujiswa yizinto zemvelo nezingaziwa. Izimo zemvelo: izivunguvungu, izivunguvungu, ama-tsunami, kanye nokudalwa kwe-starfish, ukuncintisana nezinye izinhlobo, kuholela ekulimaleni kwamakhorali. Ukudoba ngokweqile, ukudilika emanzini, izimayini kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo nakho kulimaza izixhobo zamakhorali. Amakholoni ama-acropora micropores ajule ngamamitha ayi-18-24 aphazanyiswa ukuhlasela kwabatshuzi, futhi inqubo yegatsha iyathinteka. Amakhorali aqhamuka ekushaqekeni kwamagagasi, kepha umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu ezicubu ze-polyp kungenxa yezimbangela zemvelo. Kuzo zonke izinto eziba nomthelela ekonakaleni kwamadwala, okubaluleke kakhulu ukwenyuka okuphawulekayo kokuminyana kwamanzi nodaka. I-Acropora yaseMillepora kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN ihlukaniswe ngokuthi "icishe isengozini."
