Ingwe kashaka - hhayi oshaka abakhulu kunabo bonke, kodwa enye yezinto eziyingozi kakhulu. Isilwane esidla beshesha futhi esisheshayo, sizwa inyamazane ikude futhi sinamazinyo akwazi ukugedla amathambo. Ukubona imivimbo yakhe, kungcono ukuhlehla. Ufuna isisulu cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi uyakwazi ukudla cishe yonke into edonsa iso lakhe.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Tiger shark
Okhokho bokuqala boshaka besimanje baphila eMhlabeni esikhathini samaSilurian (iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-420 BC). Kodwa ukuthi babeyizinhlobo ezinjani zombuzo ongaphikiswa. Okufundwa kakhulu ngama-cladoselachia - anesakhiwo somzimba esifana noshaka, kepha asiphelele kangako, esingabavumeli ukuthi bathuthukise ijubane elifanayo.
Zivela kuma-placoderms, izidalwa ezinjenge-shark - ngokusho kolunye uhlobo, olwandle, ngokusho kolunye, amanzi angenasawoti. Inzalo ye-cladoselachia ayishiywanga, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi enye yezinhlanzi ezihlobene nezanamuhla yaba ngukhokho woshaka.
Ividiyo: Tiger Shark
Kulokhu kusobala ukuthi ukuvela koshaka kwasekuqaleni akucaci kakhulu futhi kuyimpikiswano: ngokwesibonelo, phambilini bekukholelwa ukuthi ukhokho wabo wayeyi-hibodus, inhlanzi edlayo yamamitha amabili eyavela esikhathini seCarboniferous. Kepha manje ososayensi bathambekele ekukholweni ukuthi i-hibodus yayiyigatsha nje eliseceleni lokuvela kukashaka.
Isimo siba sobala esikhathini seTriassic, lapho kuvela izinhlanzi, esevele abekwe njengoshaka ngokungangabazeki. Bachuma ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, kepha ushintsho olukhulu lokuziphendukela kwemvelo lwafika ngokuqothulwa okwaziwayo kwama-dinosaurs, kanye nezinye izilwane eziningi.
Ukuze basinde, oshaka abebehlala emhlabeni ngaleso sikhathi kwakudingeka bakhe kabusha kakhulu, futhi bathola izici eziningi zesimanje. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho kwavela khona afana ne-karharin, athathwa njengophelele kakhulu oshaka esakhiweni. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-tiger shark.
Izinhlobo zanamuhla ukuphela kwazo ezohlobo lwegama elifanayo. Umlando wokuhlukaniswa unzima kakhulu futhi uyadida - igama lawo ngesiLatini bekufanele lishintshwe ngaphezu kokukodwa noma kabili. Kuchazwe ngo-1822 nguLesueur noPeron ngaphansi kwegama elithi Squalus cuvier.
Kodwa eminyakeni emithathu nje kamuva, emsebenzini kaHenri Blainville, isikhundla saso ekwahlukanisweni kwezinhlobo sashintshwa, futhi ngasikhathi sinye saziwa njengeCarcharhinus lamia. Ngo-1837 waphinde wasuswa, wahlukanisa uhlobo lweGaleocerdo, uhlobo lweGaleocerdo tigrinus.
Kulokhu "ukuhamba" kwakhe kwaphela, kepha kwenziwa olunye uguquko - ilungelo lokunikeza igama ngelalo owalihlukanisa kuqala futhi, yize igama elejwayelekile kwakufanele liguqulwe, igama elithile labuyiselwa kwelokuqala. Yile ndlela okwenzeka ngayo i-Galeocerdo cuvier yanamuhla.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ushaka omkhulu wengwe
Ingxenye engenhla yomzimba mpunga nge-tinge eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Iphawulwe ngemivimbo namabala ombala omnyama - kungenxa yabo ukuthi i-tiger shark yaqanjwa kanjalo. Ingxenye engezansi ilula futhi inombala omhlophe qwa. Kubantu abasha, umbala ucebile, amabala ahlukaniswa kahle kakhulu, futhi njengoba ekhula, kancane kancane "ayabuna".
Inempumulo ebanzi kanye ne-squirt encane, kanye nenani elikhulu kakhulu lamazinyo, ahlukile ngosayizi nobukhali. Zifakwa ngasemaphethelweni futhi ziyasebenza kakhulu: ukuzisebenzisa, ushaka usika kalula inyama ngisho namathambo. Umhlathi onamandla nawo uyasiza ekwenzeni lokhu, ngenxa yokuthi ushaka uyakwazi ukuchoboza ngisho negobolondo lofudu olukhulu.
Abaphefumulayo batholakala ngemuva kwamehlo, ngosizo lomoya-mpilo ogeleza uqonde ngqo ebuchosheni bakashaka. Isikhumba sayo siwugqinsi kakhulu futhi amahlandla ambalwa sidlula isikhumba sezinkomo - ukuze ulume kuso, awudingi ukuba namazinyo amancane futhi acijile kune-tiger shark uqobo. Ekulweni nabaphikisi abangenawo amazinyo anamandla afanayo, angazizwa sengathi usezembathweni zempi.
Ukwakhiwa koshaka we-tiger kubukeka kukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo, isilinganiso sobude nobubanzi sikwenza kubonakale sengathi "kunonile". Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi esiningi ubhukuda kancane hhayi ngobuhle obukhulu. Kepha lo mbono uyadukisa - uma kunesidingo, usheshisa kakhulu, wembula ubugagu nokuhamba.
I-tiger shark ingomunye wabazingeli abakhulu kunabo bonke abasebenzayo, futhi ingeyesibili kuphela ngobude kumhlophe. Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa noshaka abakhulu impela, ubukhulu bayo abukhulu kangako: ngokwesilinganiso, kusuka kumamitha ama-3 kuye ku-4.5, ezimweni ezingavamile ingakhula ifike kumamitha ayi-5-5.5. Isisindo cishe singama-400-700 kilograms. Abesifazane bakhula bakhulu kunabesilisa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Amazinyo oshaka ahlala abukhali futhi ayabulala ngoba ayazivuselela njalo. Iminyaka emihlanu, ushintsha amazinyo angaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyishumi - isibalo esihle!
Ihlala kuphi i-tiger shark?
Isithombe: Tiger shark fish
Bathanda amanzi afudumele, ngakho-ke ikakhulukazi bahlala olwandle lwezindawo ezishisayo nezishisayo, kanye nasendaweni efudumele kakhulu yaleyo elele endaweni enesimo sezulu esipholile. Imvamisa babhukuda emanzini asogwini, yize bekwazi nokubhukuda olwandle oluvulekile. Bakwazi ngisho nokuwela ulwandle futhi bahambe ngomkhumbi baye ngaphesheya okuphambene, noma ngisho nakwezinye.
Inombolo enkulu kunazo zonke yoshaka bengwe itholakala ku:
- Ulwandle lweCaribbean;
- I-Oceania;
- izilwandle zigeza i-Australia;
- eduze neMadagascar;
- izilwandle ezisenyakatho zoLwandlekazi lwaseNdiya.
Ububanzi bazo abukhawulelwanga kulokhu, izidumbu zingatholakala cishe kunoma yiluphi ulwandle olufudumele. Okuhlukile yiMedithera, lapho kungenzeki naphezu kwezimo ezifanele. Yize zitholakala olwandle oluvulekile, kepha kaningi ngesikhathi sokufuduka, zivame ukuhlala ziseduze nolwandle, ikakhulukazi ngoba kukhona inyamazane enkulu lapho.
Lapho befuna inyamazane, bangabhukuda baze bafike ogwini, futhi babhukude bangene emifuleni, kodwa bangasuki emlonyeni. Imvamisa azitshibilizi ekujuleni okukhulu, zikhetha ukuhlala hhayi ngaphezulu kwamamitha ayi-20-50 ukusuka ebusweni bamanzi. Kepha bayakwazi ukwenza lokhu, babonwa ngisho ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-1 000.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Zinama-ampoules aseLorenzini - izamukeli eziphendula kwizimpawu zikagesi ezisuka ekudlidlizeleni, noma zibuthaka kakhulu. Lezi zimpawu zithunyelwa ngqo ebuchosheni bakashaka. Zibanjwa kuphela ebangeni elifushane - kuze kufike kwengxenye yemitha, kepha zinembe kakhulu kunalezo ezivela ezingxenyeni zokuzwa nokubona, futhi zikwenza kube lula ukubala ukunyakaza ngokunemba okubulalayo.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-tiger shark ihlala kuphi. Manje ake sibone ukuthi yini edliwayo yilo mhlaseli.
Yini edla i-tiger shark?
Isithombe: Tiger shark
Akakhethi ngokuphelele ekudleni futhi uyakwazi ukudla noma ngubani nanoma yini.
Imenyu yayo isuselwa ku:
- izingonyama zasolwandle nezimpawu zasolwandle;
- izimfudu;
- ama-crustaceans;
- ingwane;
- izinyoni;
- octopus;
- izinhlanzi, kufaka phakathi abanye oshaka, azihlukile kubo kanye nokudla abantu.
Isifiso sinonya ngempela, futhi ulambile usuku lonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma ngabe ubudla kamnandi, noma kunjalo, uma ithuba livela, ngeke uyeke ukuluma okuthile okuntanta eduze, uma ungakaze uzame ngaphambili.
"Okuthile" - ngoba lokhu akusebenzi ezilwaneni kuphela, kodwa nakunoma yimuphi udoti. Izinto eziningi eziyinqaba zitholakale esiswini soshaka bamahlosi: amathayi avela ezimotweni nasemathinini kaphethiloli, izimpondo, amabhodlela, iziqhumane - nezinye izinto eziningi ezifanayo.
Singasho ukuthi leli ilukuluku: i-tiger shark ihlale inentshisekelo kulokho into engakaze ibonwe ukuthi injani nokuthi iyadliwa nhlobo. Uma ukudla okujwayelekile kungekho eduze, esikhundleni sokusesha okude, ama-tiger shark ahlasela labo abakhona: isibonelo, amahlengethwa noma izingwenya.
Bangakwazi ukuhlasela nezilwane ezinkulu kunabo, ngokwesibonelo, imikhomo, uma zilimele noma zigula, futhi azikwazi ukumelana nazo. Ingozi ayisongeli imikhomo emincane kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinkulu - ngokwesibonelo, ngo-2006 kwenzeka icala lokuhlaselwa komkhomo i-humpback yiqembu lonke eduze kwaseHawaii.
Imihlathi yawo inamandla futhi ibanzi, okuwavumela ukuthi akwazi ukubhekana nanoma yisiphi isisulu esinjalo. Kepha ingxenye enkulu, imenyu yabo isaqukethe izinto ezincane eziphilayo. I-carrion nayo iyadliwa. I-tiger shark nayo iyakwazi ukudla abantu - lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu, ngoba zingazingela abantu ngenhloso.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-Tiger shark olwandle
Isikhathi esiningi ushaka wehlosi uchitha efuna inyamazane. Ngasikhathi sinye, ijwayele ukuhamba kancane kancane ukuze ingethusi isisulu, kepha bese kuthi ngomzuzwana iguqule futhi yenze udwi lombani. Ngenxa yesiphetho esiphakeme somgogodla nokuma kwempumulo, isheshe ishintshe indlela yokuhamba futhi ikwazi nokujika i-eksisi yayo cishe ngaso leso sikhathi.
Uma ezinye izidalwa eziningi zasemanzini zinamehlo angaboni kahle, okuhlawulisa umuzwa wazo omuhle kakhulu wephunga, khona-ke imvelo inikeze oshaka behlosi ngawo wonke umuntu: banephunga nokubona okuhle, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho kukhona umugqa ohlangothini kanye neLorenzini ampullae, ngenxa yalokho abakwazi ukubamba ukuhamba kwemisipha ngayinye inyamazane - lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uzingele nasemanzini anezinkinga.
Iphunga likashaka lihle kangangokuba ithonsi legazi lanele ukuvusa ukunaka kwalo ebangeni elingamamayela. Konke lokhu kwenza i-tiger shark ibe esinye sezilwane ezisebenza ngempumelelo kakhulu futhi, uma isivele inentshisekelo kothile, amathuba okuthi isisulu sosindiso abe mancane kakhulu.
Kepha i-tiger shark nayo iyathanda ukuphumula - njengamahlosi, ingalala ngokuthula amahora amaningi iphinde ithole ilanga, ebhukuda iye ogwini lwesihlabathi. Imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka ntambama lapho esesuthi. Ujwayele ukuzingela ekuseni nakusihlwa kakhulu, yize ekwenza ngezinye izikhathi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Uma i-tiger shark ithanda ikakhulukazi ukunambitheka noma ibonakala njengesisulu esilula, izoqhubeka nokuzingela abamele uhlobo olufanayo. Lokhu kusebenza futhi kubantu: ngo-2011, ngasesiqhingini saseMaui, bazama ukubamba ushaka odla umuntu iminyaka emibili. Yize ukuvalwa kwamabhishi, ngalesi sikhathi wadla abantu abayisikhombisa wakhubaza abanye abayishumi nambili.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ushaka omkhulu wengwe
Imvamisa zigcina zilandelana, futhi lapho zihlangana zingangena ezingxabanweni. Lokhu kwenzeka uma bethukuthele, noma behluke kakhulu ngeminyaka nangosayizi - khona-ke umuntu omkhulu angavele anqume ukudla okuncane. Kwesinye isikhathi noma kunjalo bahlangana ngamaqembu abantu aba-5-20.
Lokhu kungenzeka uma kunokudla okuningi, kepha amaqembu anjalo awazinzile, izingxabano zivame ukuvela kuwo. Iqembu loshaka bamahlosi abayishumi liyakwazi ukubulala inyamazane enkulu kakhulu, futhi liba yingozi ngisho nasemikhomeni, nakwabanye, oshaka abakhulu kunabo futhi abangasheshi kangako. Yize ikakhulukazi beqhubeka nokudla izilwane ezincane.
Isikhathi sokuzalela senzeka njalo eminyakeni emithathu. Ngisho nenkambiso yokukhwelana koshaka bamahlosi ihlukaniswa nolaka lwayo - abazikhapheli kulokhu. Ekuqhubekeni kwayo, owesilisa kufanele alume insikazi ngomphetho futhi ayibambe, futhi lokhu akuyona into elula yokuluma: amanxeba avame ukuhlala emzimbeni wabesifazane. Kodwa-ke, oshaka ababuzwa ubuhlungu - umzimba wabo ukhiqiza izinto ezibavimbayo.
Umanyolo ungaphakathi. Amachwane achanyuselwa isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, ngemuva kwalokho kuzalwa cishe ama-12-16 gazinga, futhi kwezinye izimo kuze kufike ku-40-80. Ama-tiger shark yi-ovoviviparous: amawundlu aqanduselwa emaqandeni nasesiswini, futhi azalwa esevele esesimweni esithuthukile.
Lokhu kuyasiza kakhulu, ngoba umama ngeke akhombise ukukhathazeka ngabo, futhi ngokushesha emva kokuzalwa, kuzofanele bazitholele ukudla ngokuzimela futhi bazivikele. Umzwelo womama ku-tiger shark awukho, futhi awudli amawundlu awo kuphela ngoba ngaphambi kokuzala ulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla, futhi isikhathi esithile uhlala kulesi simo.
Izitha zemvelo zoshaka bengwe
Isithombe: Tiger shark fish
Izilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye ziyingozi kubantu abasha nabakhulayo, yize iningi lazo lihamba kancane. Njengoba izinsongo zikhula, ziya ngokuya zincipha, futhi inhlanzi endala ayikwazi ukwesaba noma ngubani. Izitha ezesabeka kakhulu yilezi: i-swordfish, i-marlin, imisebe ye-spiny-tailed kanye ne-rhombic, abanye oshaka, ikakhulukazi izihlobo.
Kodwa okokuqala kukho konke okungenhla ukuhlasela oshaka kuphela, futhi lokhu akuvamile ukwenzeka, ngakho-ke oshaka bamahlosi banabaphikisi abambalwa abafanelekile. Kepha lokhu uma uzikhawulela kulabo kuphela abangalinganisa amandla abo nabo futhi bangene empini eqondile, futhi kukhona ezinye eziyingozi kakhulu kule nhlanzi.
Esinye sezitha ze-tiger shark ezimbi kunazo zonke inhlanzi ye-hedgehog. Ayinkulu nakancane futhi ayizihlaseli, kepha uma i-tiger shark iyigwinya, isivele ingaphakathi kwesilwane le nhlanzi iba yibhola eliwubululu futhi ihlaba izibilini zikashaka, okuvame ukuholela ekufeni. Enye imbangela ejwayelekile yokufa kukashaka izimuncagazi.
Abantu baphinde baqothule inani labo elikhulu - mhlawumbe kuvela ezandleni zabantu ukuthi iningi lalezi zilwane lifile. Kulokhu, yonke into ilungile: ushaka naye akabheki ekudleni umuntu - inqwaba yokuhlaselwa kwenzeka minyaka yonke, ngoba oshaka bezingwe bavame ukubhukuda ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-tiger shark ayikhethi kakhulu ekudleni ngoba ijusi layo esiswini line-asidi kakhulu, liyivumela ukuthi ligaye kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhashana ngemuva kokudla ngakunye, umane abuyise izinsalela ezingagaywanga - ngakho oshaka ngokuvamile abahlushwa yizinkinga zesisu. Uma ungazange ugwinye inhlanzi ye-hedgehog.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Tiger shark
Ama-tiger shark ayizinhlobo zezentengiselwano; amaphiko azo esibindi nawasemhlane abaluleke kakhulu. Isikhumba sabo siyasetshenziswa nenyama yabo iyadliwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwesinye isikhathi bayazingelwa futhi ngaphandle kwezintshisekelo zemidlalo, abanye abadobi baphupha ngokubamba inhlanzi esabekayo.
Imikhawulo yokubamba ayikabekwa, ngoba inani labantu liphakeme impela, futhi ngeke libekwe ezinhlotsheni ezingavamile. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngenxa yokudoba okusebenzayo, imfuyo yabo iyancipha, kwezinye izilwandle kube ngamanani abucayi.
Ngakho-ke, yize uhlobo lonke selusekude nosongo lokuqothulwa, izinhlangano zezemvelo zizama ukunciphisa ukubhujiswa kwalezi zidliwayo: uma ziqhubeka ngejubane elifanayo, ukungena kwazo kwiRed Book ngeke kugwemeke. Ama-tiger shark awagcinwa ekuthunjweni: kwenziwa imizamo amahlandla amaningi, kepha ahluleka, ngoba asheshe afa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-tiger shark angenye yezinhloso zokudoba ezemidlalo ezithandwa kakhulu. Ukubamba inhlanzi enjalo kunzima kakhulu, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, kubhekwa njengomsebenzi oyingozi (yize ulungiswa kahle, ingozi incishisiwe). Ngakho-ke, i-tiger shark, kanye nabanye oshaka abadlayo, iyindebe ehlonishwa kakhulu, efakwe ku- "Big Five" engashiwongo kanye ne-swordfish, isikebhe sesikebhe, izinhlobo ezinkulu ze-tuna ne-marlin.
Ulambile ingunaphakade Ingwe kashaka - esinye sezilwane ezihlasela kakhulu olwandle. Izici zesakhiwo sazo zithakazelisa kakhulu, ziyacatshangelwa lapho kuklanywa imikhumbi, izindiza nezinye izinto zokusebenza - ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kunikeze lezi zinhlanzi ngokukhululekile izinzuzo ezibavumela ukuba babhekane nolwandle, futhi okwamanje akuzange kudalulwe zonke izimfihlo zabo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 06.06.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 22.09.2019 ngo-23: 08
