Manje sekukhulunywa kakhulu ngesimo esibucayi nokwenyuka kwamanani, kunengqondo, kepha umuntu kufanele akhumbule ukuthi hhayi kudala bekungekho izinto ezinjenge-CO2, amalambu akhethekile nezihlungi ezinamandla.
Futhi kwakukhona ama-aquariums amancane, amalitha angama-50-100 anezinhlanzi ezi-viviparous nezilula, imvamisa izitshalo ezintantayo. Okulula, okungabizi, okushibhile.
Angikunxusi ukuthi ubuyele ezintweni ezinjalo, kepha ngeke kulimaze ukukhumbula ngezinhlanzi ezi-viviparous. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eziningi zazo zazikhohliwe ngokungafanele ngabakwa-aquarists.
Uma ubheka ezincwadini zesikhathi se-USSR ekugcinweni kwe-aquarium, uzothola lapho izinhlanzi eziningana ze-viviparous aquarium, ezingashiwongo ngisho naku-Intanethi.
Futhi encwadini ethi Exotic Aquarium Fishes kaWilliam Innes (Innes Publishing Company, 1948), kunezinhlobo ezingama-26 ezibalwe!
Qhathanisa nezincwadi zesimanje ezifaka uhlu lwezine ezinkulu: ama-mollies, ama-guppies, ama-swordtails, izivumelwano kanye nakho konke. Uma ama-aquarists agcine izinhlobo eziningi iminyaka engama-60, kungani manje sehliselwe kwezine?
Iqiniso ngukuthi lezi yizinhlobo ezikhanya kakhulu, ezinokuhlukahluka okuningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaphilayo abaphilayo abavela emvelweni bavame ukubukwa ngabasemanzini njengezinhlanzi ezilula nezingenzima, ezilungele abaqalayo.
Ake sibheke izinhlanzi ezithile ezikhohliwe ze-viviparous. Zonke zinokuthula, azidingi mzamo omkhulu wokuzalisa, ushintsho lwamanzi kanye neziqu zesayensi ekhemistry.
Ama-aquarists anolwazi azobona abangani bakudala phakathi kwabo, futhi abaqalayo bazojwayela inhlanzi entsha, okuyiyona endala enhle ekhohliwe.
UGirardinus metallicus
IGirardinus metallicus, njengoba igama lisho, inombala wensimbi. Ububanzi bemibala busuka kusiliva kuye kugolide, kuya ngokukhanya, kukhona nemivimbo emile emzimbeni, kodwa cishe ayibonakali.
Abesilisa banamachashazi amnyama ekhanda, emphinjeni nasesinqeni sendunu. Kwesinye isikhathi ziyahlangana, kepha inhlanzi ngayinye ivezwa ngokuhlukile. Njengoba kwenzeka kaningi ku-viviparous, abesifazane baseGirardinus bakhulu kunabesilisa futhi bakhula bafike kuma-7 cm, kanti abesilisa bano-3-4 cm.
IGirardinus metallicus iyinhlanzi ebukekayo ezophila ngokumangalisayo ku-aquarium enqwabelene nomthamo wamalitha angama-40 noma ngaphezulu.
Abangathobekileki, bahlala ngokwemvelo emanzini amunyu, kepha e-aquarium babekezelela ngokuphelele amanzi ahlanzekile ngokuphelele, aphakathi nendawo.
Ngokuya ngosayizi, omakhelwane babo badinga ukukhethwa ngokucophelela. Ama-Cherry shrimps nemnenke we-neretina, ama-corridor nama-barbs amancane, ama-tetra, ama-iris nezinye izinhlanzi ezinokuthula nezinambuzane ezingenamgogodla zinhle.
Uma ukhulise enye ye-viviparous ejwayelekile, khona-ke imigomo iyafana lapha. Okokuqala, kufanele kube nabesifazane abaningi kunabesilisa, ngaphandle kwalokho bazojaha abesifazane ngendlela yokuthi kuholele ekucindezelekeni.
Ngemuva kwalokho udinga izitshalo ezintantayo, njenge-pistia. Bazohlinzeka ngokukhosela kwabesifazane nabathosi. Yize i-girardinus metallicus ingazingeli ukuthosa kwayo, isengadla izinhlanzi.
Futhi lapho kunezitshalo ezintantayo ngaphezulu, kulula kakhulu ukubamba gazinga elifihla emthunzini wabo ekuseni.
IFormosa (Heterandria formosa)
Akujwayelekile kulezi zinhlanzi ukuthi zombili izinsikazi nabesilisa ziyafana kakhulu. Zisiliva, ngomugqa omnyama obanzi wehla uye maphakathi nomzimba. Futhi zinendawo emnyama ekugcineni komsila.
Ukuze unqume ubulili be-formosis, umuntu kufanele abheke i-anal fin, eyakha i-gonopodia emadodeni. Lesi isici esivamile kuyo yonke i-viviparous, ngosizo lwe-gonopodium (efana nethubhu), owesilisa uqondisa ubisi kowesifazane.
Amafomula izinhlanzi ezincane! Abesilisa abekho ngaphezu kuka-2 cm, kanti abesifazane bangama-3 cm ubude. Yize kunokuthula okukhulu, usayizi onesizotha onje ubeka imingcele komakhelwane okungagcinwa kubo iFormose.
Uma ufuna i-aquarium yezinhlobo, khetha i-cherry shrimp ne-banana shrimp, ngoba badinga izimo ezifanayo. Kungamanzi apholile, anzima nezitshalo eziningi.
Ukwengezwa okuncane kasawoti kuzodala izimo ezidingekayo zamafomula, ngokwemvelo zihlala emanzini abilayo. Usawoti uyasiza futhi ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane, kodwa ungenza ngaphandle kwawo.
Ngokungafani nezinhlobo eziningi ezishisayo, iFormosa iyinhlobo eshisayo futhi ithanda amanzi anamazinga okushisa azungeze ama-20C, apholile kancane ebusika futhi afudumele kancane ehlobo.
Udinga futhi amandla aqinile wamanje nendawo eningi yamahhala. Njengamanye ama-viviparous, iFormosa ithanda ukudla okuxubekile okuqukethe ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane.
Limia omthende omnyama (Limia nigrofasciata)
Uma izinhlanzi ezimbili ezedlule zibukelwa phansi ngama-aquarists, ama-limia awabonwa yibo. I-limia enemigqa emnyama inomzimba osiliva, unothinti woju, kanti abesilisa banemivimbo emnyama eceleni kwawo, bebeka igama lenhlanzi.
Kulula ukuqukatha njengezinhlaka, ziyafana ngosayizi nohlamvu, kepha ama-limias athanda amanzi afudumele kancane. Ukushisa kusuka ku-24 kuye ku-26 kuzolunga nje.
Njengama-platies, bathanda imisinga emincane, kepha imingcele yamanzi ingahluka kakhulu, yize amanzi anzima futhi anosawoti omncane encanyelwa.
Bahlala emadamini akhule kakhulu, lapho izikelemu zegazi nokunye ukudla kwezilwane kutholakala ngengozi kuphela.
Iyaphila kakhulu, futhi idlula abanye ababukhoma. Udinga ukuzigcina okungenani izingcezu eziyi-6 nge-aquarium ngayinye, abesilisa ababili nabesifazane abane ngamalitha amanzi angama-50. Izitshalo ezintantayo zizohlanganiswa, ngoba zinikeza indawo yokukhosela inhlanzi enamahloni futhi enamahloni kanye nefry yokukhosela.
I-black-bellied limia (i-Limia melanogaster)
I-Limia black-bellied kwesinye isikhathi iyathengiswa futhi itholakale kuzinhlu. Ukubukeka kuyehluka kakhulu, kepha abesifazane bavame ukuba mpunga ngokuluhlaza okunesikali esiluhlaza maphakathi nomzimba.
Abesilisa bayafana, kodwa bancane futhi banamachashazi amnyama emakhanda nasemaphikweni abo. Abesilisa nabesifazane banendawo enkulu emnyama esiswini sabo, okwabanika igama labo.
Futhi, ziyafana ngosayizi nokuziphatha ezivumelwaneni. Abesilisa bafinyelela ku-4 cm ubude, abesifazane bakhulu kancane futhi bagcwele.
Ukuzalanisa kujwayelekile kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-viviparous. Ngendlela, ama-limia anebhande elimnyama angakha ama-hybridi aneplaties, ngakho-ke ukugcina uhlobo kungcono ukugcina uhlobo olulodwa lwe-viviparous nge-aquarium ngayinye.
Ama-mollies amahhala (Poecilia salvatoris)
Le nhlanzi kuthiwa yizi-mollies, isanda kuqala ukuvezwa njengohlobo oluhlukile, kanti entshonalanga iya ngokuya yanda.
Iduna nensikazi zimhlophe okwesiliva ezinamakhasi asawolintshi noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kepha insikazi imbala imbala. Umbala uyaqina ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nangaphezulu, abesilisa ababusayo bathola amaphiko amakhulu, okuhamba ngomkhumbi kanye nemibala ekhanyayo, egqamile.
Inkinga kuphela ukuthi imvamisa izinhlanzi ezi-viviparous zinokuthula kakhulu, kepha ama-salvatoris, kunalokho, athanda ukusika amaphiko futhi ayathandeka. Ngakho-ke, naphezu kwakho konke ukuheha kwayo, le nhlanzi akuyona eyabaqalayo futhi kungcono ukuyigcina ngokuhlukile.
Emanzini amancane amancane, abesilisa balwa ngokungaphezi, futhi noma ngabe kuhlala abesilisa ababili kuphela, obuthakathaka uzoshaywa afe.
Zidinga ukugcinwa ngamaqembu lapho kukhona khona abesifazane ababili kowesilisa oyedwa, noma ngokujwayelekile owesilisa oyedwa nabesifazane abaningana.
Njengamanye ama-mollies, lolu hlobo ikakhulukazi ludla imifino, futhi ludla ama-flakes ane-fiber kahle. Ubukhulu obukhulu bungaba ngu-7 cm, kanti abesifazane bancane kakhulu kunabesilisa.
Ithangi elingu-100 litre lizokwanela iqembu labesilisa abathathu nabesifazane abayisithupha. I-aquarium kufanele imbozwe, njengoba inhlanzi ingagxuma iphume kuyo.
Okumnyama okubomvu okunesigaxa (dermogenys spp.)
Kuhlobo lweDermogenys kunezinhlanzi ezingaphezu kweshumi ezifanayo, iningi lazo elisendalini lihamba ngaphansi kwegama elithi D. pusilla, kepha empeleni akekho obahlukanisa komunye nomunye.
Imibala yemibala yomzimba isuka kokumhlophe okusiliva kuya kokumpunga okuluhlaza okotshani, futhi abesilisa bangaba namabala abomvu, aphuzi, noma amnyama emaphikweni abo.
Kuyiqiniso, kunokuhlukahluka okuningi okuhlukile, futhi enye ingakhanya kakhulu kunenye.
Abesilisa banolaka komunye nomunye, kepha gwema izimpi e-aquarium ebanzi. I-aquarium engu-80 litre yanele abesilisa abathathu nabesifazane abayisithupha.
Izinhlanzi-uhhafu zidinga ukudla okwehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi okuphakelayo okuphilayo, isitshalo kanye nokufakelwa.
Phambilini, uhhafu wenhlanzi ubuthathwa njengongafanele ukugcinwa ku-aquarium ejwayelekile, kepha lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Yebo, bangancintisana nezinhlanzi ngesikhathi sokudla, kepha i-catfish, i-acanthophthalmus nezinye izinhlanzi ezingezansi zingacoshwa.
Ngendlela, bayagxuma kakhulu, ngakho-ke vala i-aquarium!
Ukuzala kuyafana nezinye i-viviparous, insikazi izala gazinga emavikini amathathu kuya kwamane ngemuva kokukhwelana. Amafry makhulu, angama-4-5 mm, futhi angadla ama-flakes aphansi kahle, brine shrimp nauplii, microworms ngisho nedaphnia encane. Kepha, bathambekele ekungazali uma sebekhulile.
Ama-Aquarists aqaphela ukuthi ekuqaleni abesifazane bazala ama-gazinga angama-20, bese inani lincipha futhi linyamalale ngokuphelele. Kungcono ukuthi izizukulwane eziningana ze-dermogenis zihlala e-aquarium.
I-Ameca (Ameca iyakhanya)
Ukubukeka okunenkinga, ngoba ama-Amec acwebezelayo athanda ukusika amaphiko awo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, hhayi kuphela izinhlanzi ezinamaphiko eveyili noma ezihamba kancane eziwela ekusatshalalisweni, zikwazi ngisho nokujaha amaphaseji!
I-Amek ingagcinwa nezinye izinhlanzi, kepha kufanele kube yizinhlobo ezisheshayo, njengama-barbs noma ameva. Ngaphandle kokuthi basike amaphiko abo, abesilisa nabo ababekezelelani.
Kuyahlekisa ukuthi lokhu kuziphatha ku-aquarium, ngokwemvelo kuyabekezelelana.
Ngakho-ke zilungele ini? Kulula, lezi zinhlanzi ezinhle, nezinentshisekelo. Abesifazane ba-silvery ngamachashazi amnyama, abesilisa banombala o-turquoise, nge-sheen yensimbi. Abesilisa abaqavile bakhanya kunezinye.
Abesifazane bazala cishe ama-20 gazinga, amakhulu, afinyelela ku-5 mm ubude. La mafry mancane kunezincanyana ezivuthiwe ezithengiswa ezitolo zezilwane!
Izinhlanzi ezindala azinaki ukuthosa kwazo, ngakho-ke ziyakhula futhi zakhe izikole nabazali bazo.
Ukugcinwa kulula, kuma-limias udinga i-aquarium yamalitha ayi-120 noma ngaphezulu, ngamanzi anzima namandla anamandla. Ithempelesha yokuqukethwe kusuka ku-23 C.
Zihlala kakhulu emaqenjini amakhulu, lapho kukhona khona abesifazane ababili kowesilisa oyedwa, futhi okungenani abesilisa abane ngokwabo, ukuze bagweme izimpi.
Yondla okusanhlamvu okune-fiber eningi, kepha imifino emisha kanye nokhula lwasolwandle oluthambile nge-duckweed kuzosiza la ma-glutton ukulinda isikhathi phakathi kokuphakelayo.
Ngendlela, emvelweni, ama-limias acishe aphela, ngakho-ke ulondoloza imvelo futhi usize izinhlobo ziphile.
Isiphetho
Lokhu kungukubukwa okufushane nje kwezinhlanzi ezi-viviparous, ezingadumile namuhla. Kulula ukubona ukuthi zonke azithobekile, ziyaheha futhi azijwayelekile.
Noma ngabe usaqala ukubheka ukuzama isandla sakho enhlanzini eqinile noma i-aquarist enolwazi, kuhlale kukhona inhlanzi eviviparous ngendlela othanda ngayo.
