Igama elithandekayo inkonkoni inesiqalo ngenxa yomhubhe wayo wamakhala. Okuthakazelisa nakakhulu yisilwane uqobo, esenza umsindo ofanayo. Lezi ngezinye zezilwane ezidume kakhulu nezinelukuluku e-Afrika, sengathi zenziwe ngezilwane ezahlukahlukene futhi zigcine imikhuba yazo ngayinye. Zidla endaweni eyisicaba, kepha kabili ngonyaka zihamba uhambo olude zifuna izimo ezikahle, lo ngumcimbi okhethekile ezilwaneni zasendle.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: I-Wildebeest
Ama-Antelopes angaphansi kwe-artiodactyl oda, umndeni wama-bovids. I-Antelope, ihunyushwe isuka esiGrekini Esiphakathi, isho isilwane esinezimpondo, zihlukile, azifani neze. Okuhlanganisa lezi zilwane ukuba khona kwezimpondo nemilenze emincane nomusa ojwayelekile wokunyakaza, ngaphandle kwalokho zingaba nokuhluka okuqinile.
I-wildebeest ingeyama-antelopes amakhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, kubonakala sengathi ibunjwe kusuka ezilwaneni ezahlukene kuya kwesinye. Umzimba, umhlwenga nomsila ngisho nokuma kwekhanda kufana kakhulu nalokho kwehhashi, kepha izimpondo nemilenze emincane engenakulinganiswa egcina ngezinselo ezivulekile kusondele kakhulu kubamele izinkunzi. Kubo kwasungulwa umndeni omncane ohlukile onegama elitshelayo - izinkomazi zezinkomo. Izici zesici se-antelope zilandelwe kahle ekugijimeni kwazo nasekugijimeni okuhle, lapha azibukeki njengezinkunzi nhlobo. Kepha ngenkathi kudliwa - i-phlegmaticity yabo ifana nezinkomo.
Ividiyo: Inkonkoni
Isimo semvelo esimangazayo, esikhanga izazi eziningi zezilwane, ososayensi bezinto eziphilayo, abanye ososayensi kanye nabantu nje abanentshisekelo, ukufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile komhlambi wezigidi ezimbili usuka eTanzania uya eKenya. Ngalesi sikhathi kwenziwa ucwaningo, izifundo, ukubonwa kohambo olumangalisayo kuze kufike ezi-2000 km zabantu bonke. Umbukwane uyamangalisa, akusekho okufana nokuqhathaniswa nasezilwaneni zasendle.
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-wildebeest ziyaziwa, kwesinye isikhathi, ngokwemithombo ehlukene, amagama ayahluka:
- i-wildebeest empunga noma emhlophe;
- inkonkoni emthende noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Lezi zinhlobo ziyehluka ngombala nokwanda, kepha zihlangana ngokuthula, yize zingazalani. Izihlobo eziseduze kakhulu yizinhlwathi zasemaxhaphozini kanye nezinhlwathi ze-congoni.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Inkonkoni yezilwane
Isilwane esikhulu esifika kumitha elilodwa nohhafu ukuphakama siyabuna, size sifike kumamitha amabili ubude, sinesisindo esingu-150 - 250 kg. Umzimba mkhulu, uyinyama, intamo imfushane, iyajiya, ivame ukwelulwa ngokuvundlile, ithweswe umqhele onesisindo sonyaka, esikhumbuza inkomo, noma ihhashi. Ekhanda labo bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane kunezimpondo ezigobile ezinhlangothini nangaphezulu, kokwedlule zimane nje zijiyile futhi zikhulu ngokwengeziwe.
Engxenyeni engezansi yekhanda, ulayini omncane wezinwele ofana nembuzi. Intamo emfushane ihlotshiswe ngomhlwenga omude, ocishe ufane nowehhashi, kodwa ube mncane. Futhi umsila ungafana nehhashi, ubude obungu-85 kuya ku-100 cm, kepha usenesiqalo esivelile futhi awumkhulu kangako.
Imilenze yenyathi iyinika umusa, uma kungenjalo isilwane sizohluka ngokuphelele kuzo zonke izinhlwathi. Zizacile, zinde, zibukhali, ngosizo lwazo izilwane zigxumela phezulu, zisheshe zisunduzele phezulu, zinokugadula okuhle ngomusa okukhombisa konke okushiwo yinyamazane. Umlenze ngamunye uphela ngezinselo ezincane, ezinesincane, ezihlukanisiwe.
Umbala walezi zinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene uhlukile. I-Blue wildebeest inombala ofanayo futhi iyanqamuka, hhayi imivimbo emnyama kakhulu emaceleni omzimba. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda esimnyama esikhulu, esinombala osiliva-ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, awabukeki ehlukile. Ezinkonkoni ezinomsila omhlophe, umbala womzimba u-grey noma onsundu ngokugqamile umsila omhlophe, imicu emhlophe empunga emhlolweni nasesilevini.
Ihlala kuphi inkonkoni?
Isithombe: I-Wildebeest e-Afrika
Izinkonkoni zihlala kulo lonke izwekazi lase-Afrika, iningi lazo lisendaweni yalo ephakathi, okuyiKenya. Sikhuluma nge-wildebeest eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuphela, ngoba i-white-tailed iyinhlobo engavamile, abantu batholakala kuphela emapaki kazwelonke, lapho bebhekwa khona futhi bavikelwe khona. Zonke izinkonkoni zidinga amanzi nohlaza oluhlaza, zidla emasimini anotshani, amathafa, eduze kwamahlathi futhi njalo imifula.
Isimo sezulu esise-Afrika asivumeli izinhlwathi ukuthi zihlale zikhona ngaso sonke isikhathi, zifuduka kabili ngonyaka ngemuva kwezimvula, zisuka emhlabathini owomile, zisuka eningizimu ziye enyakatho nasemuva. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka okude, yonke imihlambi iyahlangana futhi ihambe iye ohlangothini ngokulandelana, amakholomu anjalo alula amashumi amakhilomitha.
Izithiyo ezinkulu ezisendleleni yimifula. Izinkonkoni ziyesaba ukusondela emanzini kuqala, ziyazi ukuthi izidlozi zilindele bona lapho.
Ngakho-ke, banqwabelana eduze nogu kuze kube yilapho kukhona ama-daredevils noma kuze kube yilapho ingcindezi yezinhlwathi zangemuva, imi emgqeni wangaphambili, iqala ukuwela emanzini. Lapha, abantu ngabanye bafa ngamanani amakhulu, hhayi ngezingwenya futhi ngisho nokuminza okungaka njengoba belimazana, kubasusa emaweni nokunyathela izihlobo zabo. Futhi kabili ngonyaka.
Ezinye izinhlwathi zihlala kwezinye izingxenye ze-Afrika futhi azihlanganyeli ohambweni olubucayi kangaka. Baphinde baqaphe ubukhona bendawo eluhlaza kanye nobuningi bemifula, lapho-ke bengakwazi ukufudukela ezindaweni ezithandekayo ngemihlambi yabo emincane.
Yini edliwa inkonkoni?
Isithombe: i-Wildebeest ngokwemvelo
Lapha izilwane zikhetha kakhulu, zikhetha izinhlobo ezithile zotshani obukhula kancane. Kumele ibe namanzi, ayisebenzisi ifula lezinkonkoni. Umhlambi uncike ekutholakaleni kokudla okuthandayo futhi uphoqeleka ukuba ulandele inani elanele lakho. I-wildebeest idla cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zosuku, idla u-4-5 kg wemifino. Ezimweni zokushoda kokudla, izinkonkoni zingangehlela ezihlahleni, amahlumela amancane aluhlaza, amaqabunga kanye neziphuzo. Kepha lesi yisilinganiso esiphoqelelwe, kusalula ngabo ukuthi bathathe uhambo olude lokudla abakuthandayo.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuphawula ukuthi kukhona ubungani obuzuzisayo phakathi kwezilwane, izinkonkoni namadube. Abokuqala banomuzwa omuhle wokuhogela, kepha banamehlo angaboni kahle, kanti owokugcina, kunalokho. Ngakho-ke, imvelo iyalele ukuthi izilwane zinamathele ndawonye, zidle futhi zibalekele ezitheni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izintandokazi zazo ngokubhala zihlukile, amadube aya phambili edla uhlaza olude, nolomile, olungadliwa yinyathi. I-wildebeest isala notshani bayo obuthandayo obunoshukela obuthandwa kakhulu, manje osekulula ukuthi bufike kubo.
Amadube nawo abamba iqhaza ekufudukeni komhlaba wonke kwezinhlwathi, okwenza lo mcimbi uthakazelise nakakhulu. Izilwane ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele zenza uhambo olukhulu zihambisana, njengoba kufundiswa yimvelo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinkonkoni zincike kakhulu emanzini, uhambo oluya endaweni yokunisela emfuleni kufanele lwenziwe nsuku zonke. Ukomisa imifula kungenye yezinto ezesatshwa kakhulu yizinkonkoni, okubenza bathuthe.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-Wildebeest
Izinkonkoni ziyizilwane ezifuywayo, futhi zombili zingadla futhi zihambe ngemihlambi emikhulu, futhi zihlukaniswe zaba ezincane, abantu abayi-100-200. Ngokuvamile, ukuklanywa kwezindawo kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwemihlambi kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa bamaka imingcele yendawo ngezindlala ezikhethekile futhi balwe nezivakashi ezingamenyiwe. Isikhathi esisele, imihlambi ingasebenza ngokubambisana.
Uma uthi nhlá, izinkonkoni ziyizilwane ezizolile impela, kodwa zikhathazeka ngokweqile. Njengoba banezitha ezanele ezimpilweni zabo, bahlala beqaphile, belungele ukugqashuka bagijime, banamathele emhlambini, abahlukani. Amahloni, empeleni, ayabasiza kuphela, ngoba izilwane ezidla ezinye zizuma kakhulu futhi kungcono ukuqapha. Kuyenzeka ukuthi inkonkoni iqale ukweqa ngokwesaba kusuka ezinqeni zangaphambili iye kuleyo yangemuva, inikine ikhanda ngasikhathi sinye, mhlawumbe ngakho-ke ifuna ukukhombisa ukuthi ayikwazi ukuzivikela nakancane futhi ikulungele ukumelana nayo.
Ngesikhathi sokudla, i-wildebeest ifana kakhulu nomhlambi wezinkomo ezifuywayo, ayijahile, i-phlegmatic, ihlafuna kancane ushungamu. Kepha uma okungenani umuntu oyedwa efika engqondweni ukuthi basengozini, ngomzuzwana bonke, besamba sabantu abangamakhulu amahlanu, babaleka ngokujaha okuhle. Izinkonkoni zinakekela uboya bazo, zikama imicu yomsila wazo nezinsimbi emagatsheni ezihlahla nasezihlahleni, kanye nasezimpondweni zezihlobo zazo. Bangakwazi ukushelela uboya obufushane ngolimi lwabo. Ngomsila wazo, zixosha izimpukane ngenkuthalo.
Umcimbi othakazelisa kakhulu empilweni yezilwane ukufuduka ehlobo ngoJulayi kusuka eTanzania kuya eKenya, kude nesomiso kuya emifuleni nasezimvuleni. Futhi nokubuyela eTanzania emuva ngo-Okthoba.
Ukusuka ngaphandle kubukeka njengendunduma ngokungazelelwe, imihlambi eminingi iyahlangana futhi ihambe emfudlaneni oqhubekayo wamakhilomitha amaningi. Futhi into esemqoka ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka minyaka yonke, lokhu kufuduka kubasiza ukuba baphile. Ukuzimisela kwalezi zilwane kuyateleka, azihlaselwa ngisho izingwenya emifuleni, zisaba ukunyathelwa. Sekunabantu phakathi kwabantu abahlela ukuvakasha ukuze babone lesi sikhathi esibalulekile empilweni yezilwane ezingenakubalwa. Kuyanikezwa futhi ukubuka kusuka endizeni ngesikhathi sendiza.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-Wildebeest Cub
Ngokuya ngokuthi umhlambi uhlala kuphi nokuthi ubamba iqhaza yini ekufudukeni okukhulu, ukwakheka komphakathi kuyahluka:
- Imihlambi efudukayo ingahlukana ibe yodwa ngenkathi ukudla kuningi nangesikhathi sokumitha nesikhathi sokukhwelana. Abesilisa abaqavile bamaka indawo futhi balwe nezimpondo zabo nabantu bangaphandle emingceleni, behlise ingaphambili lomzimba emadolweni. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, kungakhathalekile ubudala nobulili, yonke imihlambi emincane ihlangene ndawonye, sonke isakhiwo senhlalo siyanyamalala.
- Imihlambi ehlala ezindaweni ezinokudla okucishe kungazinzile, engahlanganisi ukufuduka, inezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene. Abesifazane abanamathole bahlala emihlambini ehlukene, bahlala ezindaweni ezincane. Lapho ukuminyana kwabo kuphakeme, banokuthula, bagcina amawundlu abo eduze kwabo. Abesilisa kwesinye isikhathi bangakha imihlambi ehlukene, kepha lokhu kungokwesikhashana, kufinyelela eminyakeni yobudala eyi-3-4, baqala indlela yokuphila ezimele. Zodwa, zizama ukujoyina izinsikazi ngesikhathi sokukhwelana futhi zakhe umhlambi wesikhashana. Zizama ukukhwelana nazo zonke izinsikazi ezisemhlambini.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana kwazo zonke izinkonkoni siqala ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni, bese kuthi imihlambi eyakhiwe, ukumakwa kwezindawo nemidlalo yokukhwelana kuphele, abesilisa baphinde bagoduke. Abesifazane bathwala amawundlu cishe izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye. Njengomthetho, kuzalwa izinyane elilodwa, kuyaqabukela kube mibili. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, ziyakwazi ukuhamba nokugijima, kodwa hhayi ngokushesha njengabantu abadala. Isikhathi sokudla sithatha izinyanga eziyi-7 - 8, kepha kusukela ngenyanga yokuqala yokuphila amawundlu aqala ukudla utshani. Kepha, ngeshwa, ingxenye yesithathu kuphela yamathole eba ngabantu abadala, umhlambi ulahlekelwa amanye, ngoba izilwane ezidla ezinye ziyisilwane esilula kakhulu nesifiseleka kakhulu.
Izitha zemvelo ze-wildebeest
Isithombe: i-African wildebeest
Imihlambi yezinkonkoni iyisisekelo sokudla kwabantu abaningi base-Afrika. Amakati abulalayo amabhubesi, izingwe, izingulule ziyakwazi ukusinda ngawodwana inkonkoni endala. Ukuphela kokufanele bakwenze ukukhetha isisulu, baphishekele ngaphandle kokushintshela kwabanye, bahlukane kancane nomhlambi omkhulu babambe umphimbo.
Isilwane sife ngokushesha kuzipho ezinamandla namazinyo ezilwane ezidlayo. Indlela elula yokuthi zihlasele amawundlu: azisheshi kangako, zilwa kalula nomhlambi futhi isibaya singabamba kalula sithathe isisulu. Izimpisi zincane kakhulu futhi azikwazi ukubulala inyamazane yodwa, kodwa ngenjabulo zidla izinsalela zamabhubesi namanye amakati. Umhlambi omncane wezimpisi ungahlasela isilwane esisodwa uqobo, khona-ke bazodla isidlo sasemini ngokuhlanganyela.
Izinkonkoni zithanda amanzi, zivame ukuma osebeni lomfula ziphuze amanzi. Kukhona esinye isitha esibalindileyo - ingwenya. Angakwazi futhi ukubamba inhlwathi ngesandla esisodwa bese eyihudulela emanzini ukuze icwile, bese ngokuthula adlulele ekudleni. Izinsalela ezibolile zezinhlwathi nazo ziyadingeka, zidliwa ngabaqaphi njengama-griffins. Kukhona ikakhulukazi iningi labo osebeni lomfula, lapho ngemuva kokufuduka kwezinhlwathi kukhona izidumbu eziningi ezinyathelwe. Abantu futhi bazingela izinhlwathi zenyama, isikhumba noma izimpondo. Ngekhulu le-19, izinhlwathi kwakuwukudla okuyinhloko kwabasekoloni.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-Wildebeest nendlovu
Yize iqiniso lokuthi izinhlobo zezinkonkoni ezinomsila omhlophe zithathwa njengezisengozini futhi zihlala eziqiwini kuphela, inani eliphelele lezinkonkoni lingabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu. Kukholakala ukuthi ngekhulu le-19 leminyaka babezingelwa kakhulu kangangokuba isibalo sehlela cishe kubantu abayizinkulungwane eziningana. Kepha sebesangulukile ngesikhathi futhi badala indawo ekahle, abantu bakwazile ukuxazulula le nkinga futhi banikeze imihlambi ithuba lokuphila nokuzala ngokuthula.
Isikhathi sokuphila sezinkonkoni sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-20, kepha ngenxa yobunzima bempilo, inani elikhulu lezilwane ezidla ezinye, imvamisa isikhathi sifushane. Ekuthunjweni, bangaphila isikhathi eside futhi balethe inzalo ethe xaxa, okwenziwa ngokwengxenye ezindaweni zokugcina izilwane nasemapaki kazwelonke.
Manje inkonkoni uzizwa emuhle, akekho engozini, uthathwa njengesilwane esithandwa kakhulu futhi esidumile ezwenikazi lase-Afrika. Imihlambi yabo ibukeka ibonga ngokwedlulele kubangani babo bedube. Ngokubambisana bahlala ezindaweni ezinkulu, bayazidla bese bephumula. Kulula futhi ukubaphambanisa nemfuyo, kudla emadlelweni aseduze, bamele ukuncintisana.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 04.02.2019
Idethi yokubuyekeza: 16.09.2019 ngo-17: 01
