Ama-primates amancane ahlala e-Afrika kuphela, okhokho bawo (ama-galagos akudala) ama-lemurs anamuhla ehla.
Incazelo yegalago
IGalago ingomunye wemikhakha emihlanu yomndeni wakwaGalagonidae, ofaka izinhlobo ezingama-25 zezinkawu zasebusuku zeloriform. Zihlobene kakhulu neloli futhi phambilini zazithathwa njengomunye wemindeni yazo.
Ukubukeka
Isilwane sibonakala kalula ngenxa yobuso baso obuhlekisayo ngamehlo esosisi nezindlebe ze-locator, kanye nomsila omude ngokwedlulele futhi oqinile, njengemilenze ye-kangaroo. Phakathi kokucacile, hhayi ukusho okugqamile, kukhona umugqa wokukhanya, namehlo ngokwawo ahlelwe ebumnyameni, okubenza bubukeke bujule futhi bube bukhulu.
Izindlebe ezinkulu ezingagqokile, ziwele izigaxa ezine ezihamba phambili zesifo se-cartilaginous, zihamba ngokuzimela, zijika ngezindlela ezihlukile. Isifo sofuba (esifana nolimi olwengeziwe) sitholakala ngaphansi kolimi oluyinhloko futhi siyabandakanyeka ekuhlanzeni uboya kanye namazinyo angaphambili. Uzipho olukhula kuzwane lwesibili lwenyawo yangemuva nalo lusiza ekuqedeni uboya.
AmaGalago ahlukanisiwe, ngezipikili ezicabalele, iminwe enamapayipi aminyene kuzeluleko zawo, esiza ukubambelela emagatsheni amile naphezulu.
Izinyawo zinde kakhulu, kanjalo nemilenze yangemuva uqobo, ejwayelekile ezilwaneni eziningi ezeqayo. Umsila omude ngokwedlulele we-galago yi-pubescent ngokulinganisela (ngokukhuphuka kokuphakama kwezinwele kusuka phansi kuya kuthiphu enombala omnyama).
Ijazi elisemzimbeni lide ngokwedlulele, li-wavy kancane, lithambile futhi liminyene. Ijazi lezinhlobo eziningi linemibala esiliva-mpunga, nsundu ngokumpunga noma nsundu, lapho isisu sihlala sikhanya ukwedlula ngemuva, futhi izinhlangothi nezitho kunikela ngophuzi ngandlela thile.
Osayizi be-Galago
Amaphimpi amancane namakhulu anobude bomzimba kusuka ku-11 (igalago likaDemidov) kuya kumasentimitha angama-40. Umsila ubude bawo cishe izikhathi eziyi-1.2 kunomzimba futhi ulingana no-15-44 cm Abadala banesisindo ebangeni kusuka ku-50 g kuye ku-1.5 kg.
Indlela Yokuphila
AmaGalago ahlala ngamaqembu amancane, aholwa ngumholi, owesilisa ovelele. Uxosha bonke abantu besilisa abadala endaweni yakhe, kepha avume indawo yabesilisa abasebasha futhi anakekele abesifazane abanezingane. Abesilisa abasebasha, abaqhutshwa kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, bavame ukulahleka ezinkampanini ze-bachelor.
Izimpawu zokuhogela zisebenza njengezimpawu zomngcele (futhi ngasikhathi sinye, okokuhlonza okwehlukile komuntu ngamunye) - igalago liphulula izintende / izinyawo zalo ngomchamo, lishiya iphunga eliphikelelayo nomaphi lapho ligijima khona. Kuvunyelwe ukweqa imingcele yeengxenye ngesikhathi sonyaka we-rutting.
I-Galago yizilwane zasendlini nezasebusuku, ziphumula emini emigodini, izidleke zezinyoni ezindala noma phakathi kwamagatsha aminyene. I-galago evuswe ngokuzumayo ihamba kancane futhi iyaxaka emini, kepha ebusuku ikhombisa ukushesha nokuqina okungavamile.
IGalago inekhono elimangalisayo lokugxuma kuze kufike kumamitha ama-3-5 ubude kanye nekhono lokugxuma okuqonde phezulu kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-1.5-2.
Njengoba zehlela phansi, izilwane zingagxuma njengama-kangaroo (emilenzeni yazo yangemuva) noma zihambe ngazo zozine. Umsila unemisebenzi emibili - isamba kanye nesilinganisi.
Izinzwa nokuxhumana
AmaGalago, njengezilwane zenhlalo, anenqwaba yamakhono wokuxhumana, kufaka phakathi izwi, ukubukeka kobuso nokuzwa.
Amasiginali womsindo
Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-galago lunerekhodi lalo lomlomo, eliqukethe imisindo ehlukile, umsebenzi walo ukuheha abalingani ngesikhathi sokuqina, ukwethusa abanye abafaka izicelo, ukuzola izingane noma ukubazisa ngokusongela.
Ama-galago aseSenegal, ngokwesibonelo, axhumana ngemisindo engama-20, efaka ukukhala, ukububula, ukuthuthumela, ukububula, ukuthimula, ukuhewula, ukukhonkotha, ukukhonkotha, ukukhwehlela nokukhwehlela okuqhumayo. Ixwayisa izihlobo zayo ngengozi, imithala ishintshela ekukhaleni okuthusayo, ngemuva kwalokho iqale ukubaleka.
AmaGalago abuye asebenzise imisindo yokuvama kakhulu ukuxhumana, okungabonakali ngokuphelele endlebeni yomuntu.
Ukukhala kowesilisa nowesifazane ngesikhathi sokuganga kuyafana nokukhala kwezingane, yingakho kwesinye isikhathi leli galago libizwa ngokuthi "bush baby". Izingane zimemeza umama ngomsindo "tsic", aphendule ngokuncipha okuthambile.
Ukuzwa
AmaGalago anikezwe ukuzwa okuntekenteke ngendlela engavamile, ngakho-ke ezwa izinambuzane ezindizayo ngisho nasebumnyameni obuphakathi ngemuva kwekhethini eliminyene lamahlamvu. Ngalesi sipho, ama-primates kufanele abonge imvelo, ebanikeze ngezindlebe ezingacabangi. Izindlebe zikaGalago ze-gutta-percha zingagingqika zisuka kuthiphu ziye phansi, zijike noma zigobe emuva. Lezi zilwane zivikela izindlebe zazo ezintekenteke ngokugoba nangokucindezela emakhanda azo lapho kufanele zidabule phakathi kwezihlahla ezinameva.
Isimo sobuso nokuma komzimba
Lapho kubingelelwa iqabane, ama-galago ajwayele ukuthinta amakhala abo, kuthi lapho ehlakazeka, adlale noma ahlangane uboya bomunye nomunye. Isimo esisongelayo sihlanganisa ukubuka isitha, izindlebe ezibekiwe emuva, amashiya aphakanyisiwe, umlomo ovulekile ngamazinyo avaliwe, kanye nochungechunge lokugxuma phezulu naphansi.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokuphila se-galago silinganiswa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Eminye imithombo ayiniki ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-3-5 ngokwemvelo futhi iphindwe kabili emapaki ezilwane. Abanye bacaphuna izibalo ezihlaba umxhwele: iminyaka eyi-8 endle neminyaka engama-20 ekuthunjweni, uma izilwane zigcinwa kahle futhi zondliwa kahle.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Umehluko phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane ubonakala ikakhulu ngosayizi wabo. Abesilisa, njengomthetho, banesisindo esingu-10% kunabesifazane, ngaphezu kwalokho, laba bamuva banamabhangqa amathathu wezindlala ezincelisayo.
Izinhlobo zeGalago
Uhlobo lweGalago lubandakanya izinhlobo ezingaphansi kwezingu-2:
- IGalago alleni (igalago Allen);
- IGalago cameronensis;
- I-demidoff yeGalago (i-galago Demidova);
- IGalago gabonensis (iGalago laseGabon);
- IGalago gallarum (igalago laseSomalia);
- IGalago granti (iGalago Grant);
- IGalago kumbirensis (igalago elincane lase-Angola);
- I-Galago matschiei (i-galago esempumalanga);
- Galago moholi (galago eseningizimu);
- Galago nyasae;
- I-Galago orinus (i-mountain galago);
- I-Galago rondoensis (i-Rondo galago);
- IGalago senegalensis (iSenegalse galago);
- Galago thomasi;
- I-Galago zanzibaricus (i-Zanzibar galago);
- AmaGalago cocos;
- Galago makandensis.
Izinhlobo zokugcina (ngenxa yokutholakala kwazo nokuntuleka kokutadisha) zithathwa njengeziyindida kakhulu, kanti ezishiwo kakhulu futhi ezisabalele zibizwa ngeGalago senegalensis.
Indawo yokuhlala
AmaGalago ahlonishwa njengezinyamazane eziningi kakhulu ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, ngoba angatholakala cishe kuwo wonke amahlathi ase-Afrika, amathafa awo kanye nezihlahlana ezikhula osebeni lwemifula emikhulu. Zonke izinhlobo ze-galago zivumelaniswa nokuhlala ezindaweni ezomile, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwamazinga okushisa, futhi ukumelana ngokuthula kusuka ku-minus 6 ° kuye ku-41 ° Celsius.
Ukudla kweGalago
Izilwane zi-omnivorous, yize ezinye izinhlobo zibonisa intshisekelo yokwanda kwe-gastronomic ezinambuzaneni. Ukudla okujwayelekile kweGalago kuqukethe izingxenye zezitshalo nezilwane:
- izinambuzane, njengezintethe;
- izimbali nezithelo;
- amahlumela amasha nembewu;
- ezingenamgogodla;
- ama-vertebrate amancane afaka izinyoni, amatshwele, namaqanda;
- inhlaka.
Izinambuzane zitholwa ngomsindo, isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba zingene emkhakheni wazo wombono. Izimbungulu ezindizayo zidlule zibanjwa ngezidladla zangaphambili, zibambelele ngokuqinile egatsheni ngemilenze yazo yangemuva. Lapho isibambe isinambuzane, isilwane siyidla ngokushesha, sikhafule, noma sibambe inyamazane ngezinzwane bese siqhubeka nokuzingela.
Ukudla okungabizi kakhulu, isikhala esiningi esidingekayo ekudleni, ukwakheka kwakho kuyehluka kuye ngesizini. Ngesikhathi semvula, ama-galago adla izinambuzane ngobuningi, ashintshele esihlahleni somuthi ngokuqala kwesomiso.
Lapho inani lamaprotheni ezilwane ekudleni lincipha, izinkawu zibonakala zinciphisa isisindo, ngoba insini ayikuvumeli ukugcwalisa izindleko zamandla aphezulu. Noma kunjalo, iningi lama-galago liboshelwe ezindaweni ezithile, lapho kutholakala khona izihlahla "ezidingekayo" futhi kutholakala izinambuzane, izibungu zazo ezizibambayo, ziphoqelele ukuthi zikhiqize inhlaka enempilo.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Cishe wonke ama-galago azala kabili ngonyaka: ngoNovemba, lapho kuqala isikhathi semvula, nangoFebhuwari. Ekuthunjweni, i-rutting yenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kepha insikazi nayo iletha inzalo yayo hhayi amahlandla ama-2 ngonyaka.
Kuyathakazelisa. AmaGalago ayisithembu, futhi owesilisa akahlanganisi elilodwa, kepha abesifazane abaningi, futhi bathanda imidlalo nomlingani ngamunye iphela ngezenzo eziningi zocansi. Ubaba uyazihoxisa ekukhuliseni inzalo yesikhathi esizayo.
Abesifazane bathwala amawundlu izinsuku eziyi-110-140 bese bezala esidlekeni esivele sakhiwe samahlamvu. Imvamisa umntwana osanda kuzalwa ezalwa enesisindo esingaba ngu-12-15 g, kaningi - amawele, ngisho nangaphansi - kathathu. Umama ubondla ngobisi izinsuku ezingama-70-100, kepha kuthi kuphela isonto lesithathu wethule ukudla okuqinile, akuhlanganise nokuncelisa ubisi.
Ekuqaleni, insikazi ithwala amawundlu emazinyweni ayo, iwashiye isikhashana emgodini / esidlekeni ukuze nje idle nayo isidlo sasemini. Uma kukhona okumkhathazayo, ushintsha indawo akuyo - akha isidleke esisha bese ehudulela izingane lapho.
Cishe amasonto amabili ubudala, izingane ziqala ukukhombisa ukuzimela, zizama ukukhasa ngesinono esidlekeni, kuthi emavikini amathathu zikhuphuke amagatsha. Amaphimpi anezinyanga ezintathu ubudala abuyela esidlekeni sawo sendabuko kuphela ukulala emini. Imisebenzi yokuzala ezilwaneni ezisencane yaphawulwa hhayi ngaphambi konyaka owodwa.
Izitha zemvelo
Ngenxa yendlela yabo yokuphila yasebusuku, ama-galago agwema izilwane eziningi ezidla emini, ngaphandle kokubamba amehlo awo. Kodwa-ke, bobabili abadala nezilwane ezincane bavame ukuba yizisulu:
- izinyoni, ikakhulukazi izikhova;
- izinyoka ezinkulu nezibankwa;
- izinja zasendle namakati.
Eminyakeni eminingana edlule kwavela ukuthi izitha zemvelo ze-galago zi ... izimfene ezihlala eSavane yaseSenegal. Lokhu kutholwa kwenziwa ngumNgisi u-Paco Bertolani kanye no-American Jill Prutz, abaqaphele ukuthi izimfene zisebenzisa amathuluzi angama-26 emisebenzini nasekuzingeleni.
Ithuluzi elilodwa (umkhonto u-0.6 m ubude) libathakazelisa ikakhulukazi - leli yigatsha elikhululwe kumagxolo / amaqabunga anethiphu elicijile. Kukuwo lomkhonto lapho izimfene zimbhoboza khona i-galago (iGalago senegalensis), zishaye uchungechunge lwemivimbo eyehla ngokushesha, bese zikhotha / zihogela umkhonto ukubona ukuthi ukushaya sekufinyelele kulokho obekuhlosiwe.
Kwatholakala ukuthi, izimfene kwadingeka ziye kozingela ngemikhonto ngenxa yokungabikho kombala obomvu (inyamazane ayithandayo) eningizimu-mpumalanga yeSenegal.
Isiphetho sesibili esenziwe ososayensi sisenze sabheka ngokuhlukile ekuziphendukeleni komuntu. UPrutz noBertolani baqaphela ukuthi izimfene ezincane, ikakhulukazi abesifazane, zaziphethe imikhonto, ngemuva kwalokho zidlulisela amakhono abawatholile ezinganeni zabo. Ngokusho kwezazi zezilwane, lokhu kusho ukuthi abesifazane babambe iqhaza elibonakalayo ekuthuthukiseni amathuluzi nobuchwepheshe kunalokho obekucatshangwa ngaphambili.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ama-galago amaningi asohlwini olubomvu lwe-IUCN kodwa ahlukaniswa njenge-LC (Least Concern Species). Isongo esikhulu sithathwa njengokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala, kubandakanya nokwanda kwamadlelo emfuyo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zokuhlala kanye nezentengiso. Isigaba se-LC (kusukela ngo-2019) sifaka:
- Galago alleni;
- Ukukhishwa kweGalago;
- IGalago gallarum;
- IGalago granti;
- I-Galago matschiei;
- Galago moholi;
- Galago zanzibaricus;
- Galago thomasi.
Uhlobo lwakamuva, olutholakala ezindaweni eziningana ezivikelwe, nalo lubhalwe ku-CITES Isithasiselo II. IGalago senegalensis ibhalwe futhi nesifinyezo se-LC, kepha inezincazelo zayo - izilwane zibanjelwa ukuthengiswa njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
Futhi yinye kuphela inhlobo, iGalago rondoensis, njengamanje ebonwa njengeyingozi enkulu (CR). Ngenxa yokususwa kwezingcezu zokugcina zehlathi, ukuthambekela kwenani labantu bohlobo lukhonjiswa njengokuncipha.
